Two Models of Monetary Redress: A Structural Analysis

Monetary redress is a developing area of human rights policy. The article examines how a redress program’s design affects the interests of program applicants. It distinguishes two program models, individual assessment and common experience, and explores their differing effects on applicants’ interests. Analyzing two Irish cases, redress for survivors of the industrial schools and the Magdalene laundries, the discussion is applicable to a wide range of redress programs including those in postconflict, transitional justice, and postcolonial contexts.     

侵害著作权之赔偿论

为应对著作权侵权行为,采取合理而充分的救济制度来制裁侵权行为、保护著作权人的利益,是著作权法的核心内容。学界应从侵害著作权的行为方式入手,对侵害著作权的赔偿范围进行分析,引用惩罚性赔偿制度对侵害著作权的行为进行追究制裁,同时对赔偿数额的计算方式予以规定。     

Transcending the dilemma of “public interest”

This paper discusses the evolution and recent trends in the development of the constitutional concept of “public use” in the case-law history of the United States starting from the source of US government’s taking powers and the original meaning of the Taking Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Since the concepts of “public use” and “public interest” are extremely difficult to be defined, it is very hard for the US courts to develop a relevant operative criterion. In the United States, the safeguard of “public interest” in taking mainly lies legislative rather than judicial control. In a democratic society, legislative judgment is highly respected by the courts and the entire takeovers that conform to public use as determined by the Congress are usually deemed constitutional. In this sense, the Congress is a “public interest machine”, which automatically generates laws and decisions on behalf of public interests through the democratic representative process. The paper eventually suggests that China should divert its attention from the theoretical definition of “public interest” to institutional construction, and should make the National and Local People’s Congresses and their standing committees to play major roles in deciding taking and compensation schemes. __________ Translated from Zhongguo Faxue 中国法学 (China Law), 2005, (5): 36–45     

补偿博弈与第三方评估

从对公共利益、公众参与、公平补偿的强调来看,《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》相比《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》进步显著。然而,引入经济学中博弈论概念工具对该征收条例的解读表明,公平补偿能否实现在很大程度上取决于评估机构。该征收条例中一些模糊的规定,以及《国有土地上房屋征收评估办法》赋予评估机构以垄断地位的制度设计,为政府和评估机构的机会主义行为留下了极大的空间。由此,构建有效的第三方评估市场,并在政府报价之后赋予被征收人以真正的自由选择评估机构的权利,是构建法治社会中和谐的征收关系的关键。     

国有企业经营者薪酬的法律规制——一个程序视角的分析

管理者薪酬,不仅在于给什么,而且在于如何给,此即国有企业经营者薪酬的实体与程序规制两个面向。由于缺乏自治性与适应性,实体规制面临诸多困境甚至＂失灵＂,为此,转换视角,引入和完善薪酬程序规制殊为必要,亦即基于正当程序原理完善程序规制立法以及救济与责任机制,保障程序规制得以实施。     

论新《消费者权益保护法》规定的欺诈行为之认定

《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)自从1994年1月1日生效以来,就与人们的生活密切相关。本次修订因为规定了对经营者的惩罚性赔偿,所以备受人们瞩目。对于如何认定经营者的欺诈行为,消费者、经营者、欺诈三个词在此条中起着关键的作用,大量的争议也聚集在此三个关键词上。如果将其概念、范围用法律明确下来,那么此条解释和适用上的矛盾将会被很好的解决。     

论国家刑事补偿制度的构建——兼论我国司法救助之不足

刑事被害人的司法救助机制是当前学界研究的热点之一,但我国的司法救助并没有明确国家责任,难以担当起法律救济的重任。而刑事补偿制度明确了国家的责任,弥补了司法救助之不足,在与之相关的国家赔偿制度已经确立的前提下,其更适合我国国情,具有建构的必要性。其中,刑事补偿参与主体、补偿范围和标准、补偿程序和追偿程序的界定及设计是刑事补偿制度的主要内容。     

“坐牢补偿费”的法律定性及司法规制

给予和收受"坐牢补偿费"是对法律秩序和司法制度的挑战和冲击。它削弱了刑罚威慑力和司法公信力;作为一种新的腐败动向,它降低贪官腐败成本,影响整个惩贪治腐进程;它助长了"行业潜规则"肆意横行,严重败坏社会风气,混淆了正义标准。基于目前学术界和实务界对"坐牢补偿费"的期权腐败、继续犯罪、补偿赠与等法律定性问题,建立结构合理、制约有效的权力运行机制和事前反腐机制,加强对行贿人的打击力度及惩治力度,完善行贿罪的立法势在必行。     

基于科斯定理、成本理论对群体性事件的思考——兼论“联动效应的追偿制度”之构建

以"成本"理论分析群体性事件具有重要价值。群体性事件发生的一个重要原因在于政府未意识到自身亦是社会成本之一种,政府应从无所不管、大包大揽的全能型转变为有所为有所不为的服务型、治理型政府。另外构建通过民事追偿增加群体性事件违法成本的法律制度,以减少群体性事件的发生。     

人身死亡损害赔偿立法探析

人身死亡损害赔偿关系到受害人生命权的体现和间接受害人财产权和精神损害请求权的实现。合理的赔偿制度是实现受害人权利的基础。中国人身死亡损害赔偿立法应反映法律公平公正价值,符合中国国情。