人脑挫伤后神经丝蛋白NF200表达的变化

目的研究人脑挫伤后NF200在脑组织中神经元及轴索中表达的变化。方法88例闭合性脑挫伤标本,按损伤时间分为0.5h、1h、3h、24h、3d、7d、14d和30d共8个实验组,另以6例非脑挫伤的脑作为对照组,应用NF200免疫组织化学染色,结合图像分析技术,观察伤后不同时间NF200的变化。结果脑挫伤后0.5h和1h组,挫伤灶内及边缘NF200免疫组化染色几乎阴性;随时间的延长,挫伤灶内残存神经元及其周围神经元NF200染色逐渐增强,甚至发生核内转移;挫伤灶周围轴索在伤后出现波浪状扭曲、肿胀和断裂,最早在24h组出现收缩球(retractionball,RB),7d组轴索病变最明显,可见大量RB。图像分析发现伤后0.5h组和1h组,脑挫伤部位NF200阳性细胞的平均光密度(AOD)下降,其后逐渐升高,在14d组或30d组达高峰。结论脑损伤后NF200变化有一定规律性,并可用于诊断轴索损伤(AI),免疫组织化学结合结合图像分析技术在推断脑损伤时间上的有一定参考价值。     

滋肾通络祛浊法治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期临床研究

目的:观察滋肾通络祛浊法治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期的临床疗效.方法:将69例糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期患者随机分为治疗组35例和对照组34例,治疗组在基础治疗同时服用滋肾通络祛浊中药,对照组在基础治疗同时服用百令胶囊.观察两组患者临床疗效、中医证候积分以及糖代谢、脂代谢和肾功能等生化指标的变化.结果:治疗组中医证候积分显著低于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组总有效率(71.43%)和稳定率(91.43%)均显著高于对照组的26.47%、54.29%(P<0.01);治疗组肾功能异常、血脂紊乱、糖代谢紊乱显著改善,且优于对照组(P<0.01).结论:滋肾通络祛浊法为主治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期,具有改善肾功能和临床症状及调节血脂的作用.     

Educational Competency as an Indicator of Occupational Stress for Probation and Parole Officers

Probation and parole officers are assigned the responsibility of supervising convicted criminals in a community setting in such a way that the competing goals of punishment, public safety, offender rehabilitation, and deterrence are achieved. All the while, these tasks are accomplished within the confines of shrinking budgets, large case loads, increasingly high-risk offenders, low occupational prestige, and considerable political and public scrutiny. These competing demands often result in especially high levels of work-related stress. The point of this research is to consider the divergence in occupational stress among probation/parole officers and whether or not they felt educationally prepared for their job. The data for this study were collected during a two-month study period which began on March 15, 2005. Data were collected non-randomly through a national Internet based survey of active probation/parole officers. This study considers a sub-sample of 2, 364 officers from fifteen states. The results show probation/parole officers who feel educationally under-prepared are likely to experience higher levels of occupational stress and more likely to have negative manifestations of stress than those officers who feel well-prepared.     

Homeland and its use of bipolar disorder for sensationalist and dramatic effect

When a lead character in a critically acclaimed and award-winning television programme is depicted as a proficient and meticulous heroine with a mental disorder, it is crucial to examine if this reflects a change in the media depiction of people with mental illness. This article employs framing analysis to examine the portrayal of lead CIA agent with bipolar disorder, Carrie Mathison, in Homeland. Although the show did initially associate competence, intellect and astuteness to this character, as it progressed, the framing decisions used for dramatic and sensational purposes ultimately presented Mathison within the usual stereotypical depictions: as impulsive, irrational, unpredictable, unstable, dangerous and disordered. Given the popularity of the show, responsible depictions should take priority over dramatic effect at the expense of a character with mental illness because sufferers may be deterred in speaking about their illness and seeking appropriate treatment if such negative themes persist.     

监狱中层领导干部心理健康状况与压力管理策略

监狱人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体，心理问题凸显已是不争的事实。当前监狱中层领导干部的心理健康状况如何，在调查的基础上，从探寻压力源和压力管理的角度入手，探索有效的方法、手段和运行方式，提升监狱中层领导干部的职业素养和领导能力。     

Developmental Antecedents of Interpartner Violence in a New Zealand Birth Cohort

This paper examines the developmental antecedents of interpartner violence (IPV) victimization and perpetration in a New Zealand birth cohort (n = 828). The study found: (a) IPV occurred in 70% of relationships, with conflict ranging from minor psychological abuse to severe assault; (b) men and women reported similar experiences of victimization and perpetration of IPV; (c) exposure to abuse in childhood, family dysfunction and adversity, childhood and adolescent conduct problems, and alcohol abuse/dependence were significant predictors of IPV victimization and perpetration at age 25; and (d) the antecedents of IPV were largely the same for males and females, although the specific effects of these risk factors differed according to gender. Conduct disorder was more strongly predictive of IPV for females, whereas family adversity was more strongly predictive of IPV victimisation for males.     

心因性精神障碍与犯罪行为（附5例报告）

目前，在司法精神病学鉴定中，尚缺乏心因性精神障碍与犯罪行为关系方面的报告。本文统计了我院自１９８８年至１９９１年司法精神病学鉴定案例，其中心因性精神障碍案例占６．２％，本文报告了其中５个典型案例，并就心因性精神障碍与犯罪行为之间的关系及其责任能力的判定进行了讨论。     

Is delusional ideation a critical link in the nexus between personality disorder and violent offending?

Evidence suggests that consideration of personality disorder (PD) severity, incorporating both externalising and internalising features of PD, might help to clarify the PD – violence relationship; moreover, that separate developmental pathways might link externalising and internalising personality pathology with criminal violence. This study of 96 forensic patients with confirmed PD and a history of violent offending addressed the question of whether delusional ideation, measured by the Peters Delusions Inventory, might play a significant role in the link between severe PD and criminal violence. Severe PD, defined by summing scores across DSM-IV PD criteria, was significantly associated with delusional thinking, with violence, and with high levels of both externalising and internalising personality features. Delusional thinking was associated with violence via internalising but not externalising PD features, suggesting that the link between severe PD and violence may be partly mediated by delusional thinking.     

Failings of Trauma‐Specific and Related Psychological Tests in Detecting Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder in Forensic Settings

Judges and juries tend to be particularly impressed by test data, especially quantitative test data. Psychometric tests specific for assessing the presence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are commonly employed by forensic mental health evaluators. Most of these instruments, however, have been designed to detect PTSD in treatment or research, and not forensic, settings. Those who rely on these measures without adequate awareness of their often significant limits in correctly identifying malingering may induce finders of fact to inordinately confidently accept the presence of PTSD. This article reviews problematic structural and content components of trauma‐specific and related instruments used to evaluate PTSD and discusses the utility of specific techniques liable to be used in forensic settings to “fool” these measures.     

理性市场秩序呼唤道德支持——规范市场秩序的伦理思考

市场秩序混乱是我国当前经济生活中十分突出的问题.本文对这一经济现象从伦理道德的角度加以审视,认为理性的市场秩序既是一种经济秩序,也是一种伦理道德秩序.市场失序不仅源于制度约束机制的软化,在更深层次上,它是转型时期社会伦理道德失范在经济领域的反映,是伦理上层建筑对经济生活反作用的集中表现.因此,道德秩序是市场秩序的精神支柱,活而有序的市场机制的建立既要有完备的法规体系作保障,又要有相应的伦理价值观念予以支撑.