青壮年猝死综合征研究现状

青壮年猝死综合征(SMDS)一直是国内外医学界尤其是法医学领域研究的热点,近来对SMDS的发病特点及致病机制等都有广泛而深入的研究,但仍有部分关键问题尚未解决。本文通过文献复习并结合法医检案,分别从分子遗传学、免疫组织化学、冠状动脉结构或功能异常、自主神经调节作用等方面介绍SMDS的研究进展。     

The Kodak Syndrome: Risks and Opportunities Created by Decentralization of Forensic Capabilities

Forensic science laboratories are being challenged by the expanding decentralization of forensic capabilities, particularly for digital traces. This study recommends laboratories undertake digital transformations to capitalize on the decentralization movement, develop a more comprehensive understanding of crime and security‐relevant problems, and play a more central role in problem‐solving collaboratively with law enforcement organizations and other stakeholders. A framework for the bilateral transfer of information and knowledge is proposed to magnify the impact of forensic science laboratories on abating crime, strengthening security, and reinforcing the criminal justice system. To accomplish digital transformations, laboratories require personnel with different expertise, including investigative reasoning, knowledge codification, data analytics, and forensic intelligence. Ultimately, this study encourages managers, educators, researchers, and policymakers to look beyond the usefulness of forensic results for solving individual investigations, and to realize the value of combined forensic knowledge and intelligence for developing broader strategies to deal with crime in digitalized society.     

中医虚证与红细胞内SOD活性相关性的研究

51例虚证患者红细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著低于健康人及实证患者(P<0.05),其降低程度依次为气虚、阴虚和气阴两虚,且SOD的活性与虚证积分值呈负相关。     

针刺对吗啡戒断大鼠一氧化氮的影响

目的：观察针刺对吗啡戒断大鼠体内一氧化氮（NO）的影响。方法：复制吗啡戒断大鼠模型。采用放射免疫法测定血液和脑组织中一氧化氮合酶（NOS）和NO的含量。结果：吗啡戒断大鼠血液和脑组织NOS和NO含量增加,针刺足三里穴后血清NO和NOS下降,与对照组比较差异显。结论：针刺通过抑制NOS活力与NO生成,在改善吗啡戒断症状过程中起到良性调节作用。     

Coincidence of Nicolau Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis: Report of a Forensic Autopsy Case and Review of the Literature

Nicolau syndrome (NS) is a dermatological adverse reaction of intramuscular injections and is caused by several mechanisms. The etiopathogenesis remains unclear, and several hypotheses have suggested a vascular origin. Rhabdomyolysis (RM) is the destruction of striated muscle, with the subsequent release of muscle cell contents into circulation. NS and RM diagnoses may overlap. Herein, we present the autopsy findings of a 40‐year‐old female with NS complicated with RM. On clinical follow‐up, creatine kinase (CK) was 7146 IU/L, and urea and creatinine levels were elevated on the third day after intramuscular diclofenac injection. Possible ischemic process triggered the RM and subsequent acute renal failure. The opportunity for an early diagnosis was missed because the patient delayed seeking medical aid. The prognosis worsened, and the patient died due to secondary sepsis. Early diagnosis of NS before the occurrence of complications is the most important issue in patient education and can be life‐saving.     

A Novel Forensic Investigation Applied to Bone Remains Exhumed near to Quirra Interforce Firing Range

The need to implement novel techniques, able to support a causal link between exposure and pathology, has been emerged over the recent years. The application of scanning electron microscope coupled with probe X‐ray microanalysis (by means of an energy‐dispersive spectroscopy) has been developed by our research group for the bone remains investigation. It was aimed to testify the exposure to microsized and nanosized pollutions, due to military activities in the Quirra interforce firing range, of a Sardinian shepherd, died of acute leukemia. Metallic debris with a combustive morphology and with an oncogenic potential has been surely detected inside his bone marrow canal. This novel technique has proved to be able to bring to light a source of past exposure preserved over time within the bone marrow canal. It can be useful for postmortem analyses, delivering a new avant‐garde approach to modern forensic science.     

National Consensus or Social Anomaly?

The dynamics of mass consciousness in Russia, formed in the wake of the 2014 events in Ukraine and Crimea, testify to the consolidation and radicalization of the popular majority. The national consensus has shaped a high level of public optimism even in the face of deteriorating socioeconomic conditions. However, this process brings to the fore archetypal traits that in many ways run contrary to the modern desire for mass consumption, which in many ways is also contrary to social mobilization. This contradiction will affect the political process, if not in the short- then in the long term, and will significantly affect the sociopolitical situation, making it less stable than in the first decade of the present century.     

The Transitioning Families Therapeutic Reunification Model in Nonfamilial Abductions

The existing literature on abduction reunification is limited and evolving. Although guidelines for model service approaches exist, few programs address the unique challenges of reunifying children and families following abduction. This article delineates a family‐based reunification model that has assisted families affected by abduction since 2006. Model components include a team‐centered approach, a stage‐oriented reunification process, and pitfalls and strategies related to intersystem collaboration. We present the value of a family‐systems, solution‐focused, trauma‐informed, and case‐specific approach to therapeutic reunification following child abduction. Evidence that is contrary to the popular notion of Stockholm's syndrome is also marked. Research on the efficacy of therapeutic reunification is essential for the growth of systems equipped to address the dynamic needs of these families. Accordingly, suggestions for evaluation research are proposed.     

Three unusual neuropathologic-related causes of sudden death

We discuss the autopsy findings of three medico-legal cases of sudden death associated with uncommon neuropathologic findings of which the general forensic pathologist may not be familiar. Case 1 was a 43-year-old man who died of a seizure due to malignant melanoma of the temporal lobe associated with neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM). Case 2 was a 57-year-old woman with a history of mental retardation and incoordination because of chronic lead poisoning, who died of a pulmonary thromboembolism due to deep venous thrombosis status post left leg fracture after a fall down a staircase. Autopsy revealed atrophy and gliosis of her cerebellum as a result of childhood lead poisoning. The third patient was a 75-year-old woman who died as a result of acute bacterial leptomeningitis at the cervico-medullary junction with acute inflammation of the connective tissue of her upper cervical spinal column associated with subluxation of her atlantoaxial (AA) joint, also known as Grisel's syndrome.     

婴儿猝死综合征的研究现状及其法医学检验

婴儿猝死综合征(dudden infant death s yndrome,SIDS)一直是法医学和儿科学领域的研究热点。相对于北美、欧洲、澳洲以及日本等地对SIDS广泛深入的研究,来自中国的报道相对较少。本文通过总结文献,介绍SIDS的发展历史、研究现状和新的发展趋势,并结合2004年各国学者在美国圣地亚哥公布的SIDS分型,讨论实际检案中需注意的问题以及推进其调查研究的可行性。