犯罪定义的疑惑与思考

我国刑法关于犯罪的定义中规定:犯罪是“应当受刑罚处罚的”行为,同时又规定犯罪“应当负刑事责任”。应当受刑罚处罚与应当负刑事责任的涵义不同,以致在司法实践中和学理上都令人产生疑惑。犯罪最基本的特征是行为具有一定的社会危害性,犯罪的法律特征中的“应受刑罚惩罚性”以“应负刑事责任性”取代更为确切。另外,在刑法中应将最低刑事责任年龄由已满十四周岁降为已满十三周岁。     

论黑社会性质犯罪的特点及侦查策略

黑社会性质犯罪是近几年来引起我国政府高度重视并严厉打击的一种具有极大危害性的犯罪。这种犯罪往往具有组织结构严密、拥有政治"保护伞"等特点,为此类案件的侦查带来相当大的难度。侦查黑社会性质犯罪不仅要斗勇,而且要斗智,要讲究战略战术的运用。针对黑社会性质犯罪的主要特点,文章提出了一些在侦查中行之有效的侦查策略和方法。     

精神障碍者暴力犯罪的防治对策探析

近年来,由精神障碍者实施的暴力犯罪的数量持续上升,对社会的危害日趋严重。精神障碍者之所以实施暴力犯罪,主要是由于三方面的原因:自身的病理原因、法律规定的不完善以及社会因素的作用。与精神正常的行为人相比,精神障碍者实施的暴力犯罪在作案对象、作案的时间地点方式、犯罪后的表现和犯罪动机等方面有其特殊性。针对其原因和特点,笔者认为应该从维护其合法权益、完善立法和预防等方面做防治工作。     

Sex estimation from the mastoid process among North Indians

Determination of sex from fragmentary crania is a critical problem in forensic anthropology. Osteometric analysis of mastoid can serve forensic anthropologists better in sex identification by virtue of the noticeable dimorphic characteristics. The present study aims to develop population-specific, sex-differentiating anthropometric standards for the mastoid process of North Indian skulls. Eight parameters of the mastoid region were measured on 138 adult crania (M/F 104:34, 22-65 years) and analyzed using SPSS 16.0. All parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.000). In stepwise analysis, asterion-mastoidale and mastoid breadth have provided an accuracy of 87%. Receiver operating characteristic curves were obtained for each variable to observe their overall performance in sex determination. Posterior end of incisura mastoidea-depression of suprameatal triangle was found to be the best variable with maximum area under curve and highest predictive accuracy (82.6%).     

结社自由的基本权利属性定位

结社自由在基本权利体系中属于自由权范畴,并与其他基本自由权、政治权利、经济社会和文化权利在属性和内容上存在一定的交叉与竞合,因而结社自由具有复合属性之特点。从法律文本以及宪法理论考察,结社自由是一种独立的自由权类型,而非全然为表达自由或政治权利所吸收。厘清结社自由的权利属性定位,对于结社自由的实现、尤其是非政治性结社行为的保障,以及对于结社自由限制措施的合宪性审查和其他相关基本权利之法律救济均具有重要而积极的意义。     

硅胶高仿指模的检验

在实际工作中,大量的高仿指纹涌现,给指纹鉴定工作带来巨大挑战。为解决案件中高仿指纹的鉴定需求,作者利用真实指纹和文件上的指印,以硅胶和感光树脂板为原材料制作高仿指模,通过其制作原理、形成的机制、变化因素、规律及表现形式,总结和分析高仿指模与真实指纹的特征差异,为高仿指纹鉴定和检验提供科学依据。     

Discrimination of phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues by Raman spectroscopy

In this study, the Raman spectra of 21 phenethylamines were obtained using far‐red excitation (785 nm). The distinguishing ability of Raman for phenethylamines, especially for phenethylamine regioisomers and structural analogues, was investigated. Here, the evaluation of a cross section of Raman spectra demonstrated that all types of phenethylamines were distinguishable, even for certain structural analogues with high spectrum similarity. Raman exhibited high distinguishing ability for phenethylamine regioisomers that differ in the substitution position of halogen, methoxy, alkyl, or other substituted groups; as well as for structural analogues containing different groups, such as furanyl, 2,3‐dihydrofuranyl, halogen, and alkyl substituted at the same position. The Raman spectra for homologues with differences in only a methyl group were found to be highly similar; however, their spectra demonstrated small but detectable differences. Four analogue mixtures and 59 seized samples were also analyzed to study the practical use of the Raman method in forensic field. 95% of the seized samples were correctly identified, which significantly validated the ability of Raman method in identifying the correct isomers. Accordingly, this study provides a non‐destructive, high‐throughput and minimal sample preparation technique for the discrimination of phenethylamines.     

人像检验鉴定探讨

当前通过人像检验认定是否为同一人的应用需求日趋增加,但由于人像检验较为复杂、主观性较强、缺少普遍接受的方法等原因,一定程度上影响了人像检验鉴定的开展。为进一步明晰人像检验鉴定相关问题,本文就人像检验鉴定关键问题进行梳理讨论,重点对国内外人像检验标准、人像特征、检验步骤和方法、检验结论等进行探讨,以期为更好地开展此项工作提供参考。     

命案发案特点与侦破对策

提高命案侦破能力,实现“命案必破”的奋斗目标,是摆在公安机关当前的一项重大任务。目前,在故意杀人等严重刑事案件中,犯罪分子作案手段和方法出现了新特点、新趋势。公安机关应根据新变化．把握新特点,有针对性地采取相应措施,不断提高侦破命案能力,努力实现“命案必破”的目标。     

关于秘密侦查性质的几点思考

当前,有越来越多的学者关注秘密侦查活动,然而在对秘密侦查性质的理解方面,却存在许多不明确之处.在对秘密侦查进行探讨时,必须首先确定它的性质,这是进行深入研究的基础.秘密侦查的秘密性是主客观的相统一;通过对秘密侦查与技术侦查的比较,可以看出,技术侦查是秘密侦查的一部分,但不是其全部含义.