现行犯案件的初查措施:反思性研究——以新《刑事诉讼法》第117条对传唤、拘传的修改为切入

适应公安机关办理现行犯案件的现实需要,我国新《刑事诉讼法》第117条增设了对现行犯的口头传唤措施,但存在一定的问题。由于立法的科学性不足,当下实践中,现行犯案件中初查措施的适用乱象纷呈。现行犯案件初查中强制措施的适用既具有现实必要性,也具有理论正当性。应当将现行犯的立案程序独立设置,同时修改拘留制度,以明确被口头传唤或者无证拘留后的现行犯的犯罪嫌疑人身份,解决紧随其后的讯问行为的合法性以及讯问笔录的证据效力,消除"先侦后立"的现象。     

Measuring Procedural Justice in Police-Citizen Encounters

Procedural justice has dominated recent discussions of police interactions with the public. It has mostly been measured from the perspective of citizens (using surveys or interviews), but several important questions about predictors and outcomes of fair police treatment are best answered using direct observations of police-citizen interactions. Building on prior observational studies, we develop and validate an instrument for measuring procedural justice as it is exercised by the police in the natural setting of their encounters with the public. In doing so, we adopt a “formative” rather than the common “reflective” approach, based on the assumption that specific behaviors that make up procedural justice do not reflect a single underlying construct but rather form one. We justify this approach and validate our instrument accordingly. We also discuss the implications of our measurement for future research on procedural justice in police behavior.     

技术措施保护的隐私权限制

版权人通过技术措施收集个人身份信息,跟踪监测作品使用行为,甚至进入电脑系统进行私力技术救济,给消费者的信息隐私带来严重的威胁。为此,我国应规定技术措施不得具有隐私侵害性,限制技术措施的信息收集范围和收集方式,赋予消费者规避侵害隐私的技术措施的权利,规范版权人对消费者信息的处理利用规则。     

越级上访产生的原因及其治理

《信访条例》第4条明确规定,信访工作应当坚持分级负责等原则。分级负责原则说明,上访必须按程序进行,遵循“逐级上访”的原则,而不能“越级上访”,越级上访不利于解决问题。之所以会产生越级上访的现象,原因很复杂,但主要原因在于一些地方政府对访民不重视、信访机制运行不畅等。因此,治理越级上访,需要推进信访体制改革,破解越级上访的症结;坚决贯彻落实信访责任追究制度;树立法治权威,建设法治社会;提升信访等政府部门治理与善治的能力与水平。     

Psychiatrists,criminals, and the law: Forensic psychiatry in Switzerland 1850–1950

Between 1880 and 1950, Swiss psychiatrists established themselves as experts in criminal courts. In this period, the judicial authorities required psychiatric testimonies in a rising number of cases. As a result, more offenders than ever before were declared mentally deficient and, eventually, sent to psychiatric asylums. Psychiatrists also enhanced their authority as experts at the political level. From the very beginning, they got involved in the preparatory works for a nationwide criminal code. In this article, I argue that these trends toward medicalization of crime were due to incremental processes, rather than spectacular institutional changes. In fact, Swiss psychiatrists gained recognition as experts due to their daily interactions with judges, public prosecutors, and legal counsels. At the same time, the spread of medical expertise had serious repercussions on psychiatric institutions. From 1942 onwards, asylums had to deal with a growing number of “criminal psychopaths,” which affected ward discipline and put psychiatry's therapeutic efficiency into question. The defensive way in which Swiss psychiatrists reacted to this predicament was crucial to the further development of forensic psychiatry. For the most part, it accounts for the subdiscipline's remarkable lack of specialization until the 1990s.     

版权保护中的技术措施探析

知识经济时代的版权人为更好地保护自身利益会采用技术措施手段来遏制版权侵权.但技术措施的使用涉及多方面的利益,其影响有正面的,也有负面的,因此要求在技术措施保护的法律制度设计方面体现兼顾各方利益的价值取向.技术措施应有选择地适用;攻击性的技术措施应该被禁止;一些关系到社会公共利益的作品应该禁止使用技术措施.应对制造、销售、进口规避技术措施的装置的行为加以严格的法律规制.     

邓小平解决西南民族问题的思想

文章简要阐述了邓小平在主持西南局工作期间,面对西南的民族问题,提出并实践成功的解决西南民族问题的办法及措施。     

“互联网条款”对于新类型网络服务的适用问题——从“通知删除”到“通知加采取必要措施”

"通知删除"规则率先确立于《信息网络传播权保护条例》,《侵权责任法》"互联网条款"将其扩展为"通知加采取必要措施",并使其广泛适用于一般网络侵权领域。《电子商务法》知识产权保护条款又有相应的规定。随着互联网技术和商业模式迅速发展,新类型网络服务层出不穷,在适用"通知删除"等规则中不断产生新问题和新争议。除另有特别规定外,新类型网络服务应当适用《侵权责任法》第36条规定的"通知加采取必要措施",其中"必要措施"的界定具有开放性和灵活性,"必要措施"的妥当性取决于与特定网络服务的匹配性,可以根据网络服务提供者的具体情形,以利益衡量的方式确定相应的具体措施。个案中应当根据新类型网络服务的特性以及产业发展需求等情况,合理权衡特定网络服务与"必要措施"的适应性,妥善确定应当采取的"必要措施"。     

The expanding role of expert psychological evaluations and testimony in Hague child abduction litigation

Hague Convention cases are a growing niche in forensic assessments. These cases focus on returning children, or preventing their return, after international abductions, by one of the parents, has occurred. This article focuses on the legal underpinnings of the Hague Abduction Convention, the “affirmative defenses” that may be invoked to prevent a return order, including “grave risk of harm,” “mature objection”, and the “well settled defense.” The article will also focus on the increasing roles that forensic evaluators play in these matters, the distinction between the role of forensic experts in custody proceedings and Hague cases, and the inherent limitations present in these unique kinds of evaluations.     

Identifying deviant sexual interest in a sex offender sample using dual-target rapid serial visual presentation task

To investigate the dual-target rapid serial visual presentation (dtRSVP) task as a measure of deviant sexual interest (i.e. a sexual interest in children), we administered a dtRSVP with gender- and age-specific pictorial stimuli to child sex offenders (n = 69), other sex offenders (n = 43), non-sex offenders (n = 14), and community controls (n = 88). We hypothesized that (1) stimuli belonging to the preferred gender and age group presented as targets (both T1 and the subsequent T2) in the serial sequence would be more accurately detected than non-preferred stimuli and that (2) this increased detection would reduce the detection of targets later in the serial sequence (T2) due to an attentional blink. Our findings supported hypothesis 1 and partly supported hypothesis 2. Although we found group differences, individual indices based on detection rates did not allow for individual-level diagnostic categorization of participants.