近期国内学术界对非政府组织研究综述

目前学术界对非政府组织的研究在概念界定方面,集中在包括剩余法在内的几种定义上;在非政府组织勃兴的深层动因方面,市场与政府的“双重失灵”,“市民社会”的知识话语体系,合法性建构,社会转型,可持续发展等是几个常见的视角;在非政府组织与国家的关系方面,着重探讨了导致两者合作或冲突的多种可能性;对于非政府组织在我国的发展定位问题,一些学者提出了对非政府组织不能期望过高、非政府组织本土化的观点。     

浅议刑事责任的本质

对刑事责任的本质进行阐述的学说,西方刑法理论界主要有道义责任论、社会责任论和规范责任论等三种学说,我国刑法理论界主要有刑事法律关系说、国家与个人之间的利益冲突说、最高层次否定价值判断与最严厉的惩罚性义务统一说、伦理性与社会性的辩证统一说、国家评价与个人负担说等几种。由于学者们研究的方法、角度和立场各不相同,从整体而言,这些学说都有其合理性,但也有其缺陷,刑事责任的本质应是社会危害性。     

和谐社会建设视阈中的社会力量培育

党的十六届六中全会首次聚焦"社会建设",这昭示着我国政府职能即将开始一次真正意义的转型,它标志着以个人社会权利为中心的整体性社会建设的开始。从人类社会历史发展过程中国家权力向社会公民权利回归的历程分析,总结浙江的现实经验,可以看出,培育与国家公共权力相对应并能与之进行有效互动、制衡的社会力量,应是和谐社会建设的一个基础要件。     

云南河口瑶族社会发展态势分析

新中国成立以来 ,云南河口瑶族地区在政治、经济、文化等方面有了明显变化。在政治方面 ,传统政治权威的淡化 ,国家政治权威逐渐被接受 ,反映了河口瑶族向民主政治进程迈进了一大步 ;在经济方面 ,河口瑶人打破固定土地的自然经济桎 ,接受了商品经济方式 ,保证了他们富强的经济前景 ;在文化方面 ,他们依然重视传统文化 ,但也开始逐渐接受优秀的外来文明 ,这为他们将来的文化繁荣提供了前提     

论社会文化对犯罪界定的影响

犯罪虽然由法律所界定，但刑法在犯罪圈的划定上受到社会化的深刻制约，犯罪的范围界定在不同国家，不同历史时期也就不尽不致。立于社会化的视界，透视各种化现象和犯罪界定的联系，不难发现犯罪界定受到法化传统，社会哲学，社会道德和社会宗教等化因素直接而深刻的影响，所以，对犯罪的理解应当植根于化之中，了解并把握立干背后制约犯罪划定的社会化机理。     

犯罪源头-未成年人犯罪

当前,未成年人犯罪逐年增多,危害日益严重,且呈现出新的动向与特点.而未成年人犯罪是犯罪的源头,要遏制犯罪,必须分析未成年人犯罪的原因,从源头抓起,预防、治理青少年犯罪中的未成年人犯罪.     

中国外交的大局意识

大局意识是中国外交决策的一个重要因素。保持社会稳定、维护国家安全,是坚持以经济建设为中心这个大局的前提条件。中国在制定外交政策和在外交工作中,坚决反对别国干涉中国内政,切实维护中国的政治稳定;努力发展与各国特别是主要大国的关系,促进中国的经济稳定;妥善处理敏感涉外事件,避免引发国内社会不稳定因素;加强与国际社会特别是邻国的合作,共同打击恐怖主义、分裂主义和跨国犯罪,维护民族团结和国家统一。     

COMMUNITY ACCOUNTABILITY,MINORITY THREAT,AND POLICE BRUTALITY: AN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL COMPLAINTS*

A growing body of evidence shows that minorities are disproportionately the targets of police brutality, but important theoretical questions about the causes of that inequity remain unanswered. One promising line of research involves structural‐level analyses of the incidence of police brutality complaints; however, existing studies do not incorporate variables from alternative theoretical explanations. Drawing on the community accountability hypothesis and the threat hypothesis, we tested the predictions of two prominent structural‐level explanations of police brutality in a study of civil rights criminal complaints. The study included cities of 150,000+ population (n = 114). The findings reveal that two community accountability variables—ratio percent Hispanic citizens to percent Hispanic police officers and the presence of citizen review—were related positively to police brutality complaints, partially supporting that perspective. Two threat hypothesis measures of threatening people—percent black and percent Hispanic (in the Southwest)—were related positively to complaints, as predicted. The relative degree of support for the two hypotheses is assessed.     

评价性别平等的标准及存在的问题

评价性别平等,以社会标准,是在社会生活的各个方面,女性与男性享有同等的权利和义务。然而由于个体的差异,还存在一个个人的标准,即个体对平等的主观感受和评价。不同标准的矛盾产生了一些问题,如性别意识的弱化、性别不平等的加剧以及对男性不平等的忽视。本文讨论了这几方面的问题并提出一些看法。     

Linking self- and social control with deviance: Illuminating the structure underlying a general theory of crime and its relation to deviant activity

The present paper operationalizes and empirically tests the most recent theoretical speculations of Hirschi and Gottfredson regarding an individual level characteristic of self-control and its relation to earlier specifications of control theory as well as the literature on personality. Linkages are drawn between their broad delineation of self-control and personal disorders of hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention deficits, and minor conduct problems. Psychologists disagree about whether such disorders represent single or multiple traits and whether both behavioral and cognitive measures can appropriately depict personality characteristics. Employing structural equation techniques, support for several propositions derived from Gottfredson and Hirschi's thesis is found: Self-control subsumes several personality disorders and is significantly comprised by early behavioral indicators of aggression and fighting, is inversely related to other elements of the social bond, is moderately stable over a short period of time, and significantly predicts criminal convictions. However, questions remain regarding the ubiquity of self-control, the magnitude and meaning of stability, and the power of this perspective to explain all forms of self-reported delinquency.