马克思主义与中国优秀传统文化的融合

马克思主义与中国优秀传统文化相融合,即是以马克思主义为＂体＂,以中国优秀传统文化为＂用＂,促进中国特色社会主义文化的发展。将马克思主义与中国优秀传统文化相融合,是马克思主义中国化的要求和重要成果,具有历史的必然性、必要性和理论上的可能性。同时,马克思主义在中国的成功传播和不断发展并与时俱进的实践证明了将二者相融合具有可行性。将马克思主义与中国优秀传统文化相融合,要坚持马克思主义的主导地位,以马克思主义为本位;同时,要立足于中国现阶段的基本国情,结合中国的实践。     

Local plant use and traditional conservation practices in Nhema communal area,Zimbabwe

Abstract

This article is based on a study that was carried out in Nhema communal area in Midlands Province, Zimbabwe, with the main objective of documenting local plant use and traditional conservation practices. Data collected through household semi-structured and open interviews showed that 46 plant species in 40 genera and 24 families were mainly used for firewood, construction wood, food and traditional medicine. Other minor uses included using plant species for making mats, rope and shading. Firewood and construction wood ranked as the most important tree products used. The preferred plant species included: Julbernardia globiflora (Mutondo); Brachystegia spiciformis (Musasa); Terminalia sericea (Mususu); Brachystegia boehmii (Mupfuti); Combretum imberbe (Mutsviri); Combretum molle (Mubondo) and Burkea africana (Mukarati). Some of the highly preferred species, considered to be declining in the local environment, included Adenium obesum (Chisvosve); Azanza garckeana (Mutohwe); Brachystegia boehmii (Mupfuti); Brachystegia spiciformis (Musasa); Burkea africana (Mukarati); Combretum imberbe (Mutsviri); Combretum molle (Mubondo); Dalbergia melanoxylon (Mukonashanhu); Diospyros mespiliformis (Musuma); Elephantorrhiza goetzei (Ntorani); Julbernardia globiflora (Mutondo); Phragmites australis (Shanga; Poulzozia hypoleuca (Munanzwa); Pterocarpus angolensis (Mubvamaropa); Terminalia sericea (Mususu) and Uapaca kirkiana (Muzhanje). Highly preferred and declining species were characteristically large trees and shrubs. Local people are aware of the need to conserve plant resources in order to protect the environment and avoid the extinction of these rare species.Traditional conservation practices have substantially contributed to the conservation of plant species in Nhema communal area. The protection of indigenous timber, fruit trees, trees with social and cultural significance, the use of deadwood for firewood, the use of eucalyptus trees as construction wood and the occurrence of sacred woodland areas represented some of the traditional conservation techniques employed in Nhema communal area. These local practices demonstrate the dynamism and significance of African indigenous knowledge systems.     

Traditional health practitioners' practices and the sustainability of extinction-prone traditional medicinal plants

ABSTRACT

For centuries, traditional health practitioners (THPs) have used their indigenous knowledge (IK) in conserving medicinal plants and environments in order to maintain sustainability. Medicinal plants have played an important role in the healthcare system of Africa. With the rapid environmental, social, economic and political changes occurring in many areas inhabited by rural people, the danger exists that the loss of biodiversity from habitat destruction and unsustainable harvesting practices will cause some species to become extinct, threatening the availability of medicinal plants on a regional level. This article presents the findings of research conducted to investigate the sustainability of the harvesting practices of THPs, with specific reference to extinction-prone traditional medicinal plants in the study areas of the Limpopo province, South Africa. The main aim of the study was to determine the natural habitat of extinction-prone traditional medicinal plants, combining the insight of THPs with the ultimate goal of guiding research for the conservation, propagation and cultivation of traditional medicinal plants. The study adopted a qualitative research approach and data were collected using in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that the THPs’ practices are shaped by historical processes and local cultural values, social norms and their management strategies, which are influenced by a broad range of factors.     

Traditional food crops as a source of community resilience in Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT

This article draws on local narratives and observations of food sustenance practices in relocated farming communities in Sebakwe, Zimbabwe. Local knowledge on traditional food crops and related agricultural practices was proven to be a source of local community resilience, enabling residents to sustain their livelihoods. Local community agency in maintaining, cultivating and processing traditional food crops was found to sustain their culture and livelihoods, thereby providing community resilience in a changing environment.     

传统无讼法律观的历史功能和当代价值

传统无讼法律观是中国传统法律文化的核心,在中国法制发展史上有着深远的影响.在传统社会中,这种法律观念在维护经济秩序、缓和社会矛盾、降低诉讼成本等方面,发挥过重要的社会功能.在进行社会主义法制建设、构建和谐社会的今天,它所包含的主张礼法并用、强调道德教化、注重纠纷调解等合理因素,对摒弃"法律万能主义"倾向、预防犯罪、节约司法成本仍然具有十分重要的借鉴价值.我们应该对其进行科学分析,吸取其精华,加以继承利用.     

中国网络民主分析

随着互联网技术的进步,人们进入了网络化社会,"网络民主"也在我国出现。网络民主的发展虽然还处于初级阶段,但是却显现出强大的生命力。这对于我国民主政治建设来说是一个前所未有的发展契机,具有重大意义。     

新型工业化战略下的农村劳动力就业问题探讨

与"以物为本"的传统工业化不同,"以人为本"的新型工业化重视就业问题,重视农村工业化和城市工业化的统筹发展。以此为基点,针对我国农村劳动力就业问题日益凸显的现状,本文探索了新型工业化战略下解决农村劳动力就业问题的基本思路。     

从商之道：变迁中的旅游小城镇商业市场

传统集镇的商业市场是集镇存在的基础和社会空间的映射,其传统商贸功能和作为文化资源的特点又为当代旅游业所采用。在当代大众旅游消费空间背景下,传统商业市场正经历着转换和变迁,并共时性地展现着传统集镇的社会变迁。研究主要以定性和实地调查的方法从商业市场的物质载体、经营主体和商业业态三方面阐述当代旅游背景下传统集镇商业市场现代转向中的变迁问题。     

论“马克思主义中国化”哲理构建的文化印证

马克思主义中国化是以毛泽东、邓小平等为代表的中国共产党人把马克思主义与中国实际相结合的历史过程。它孕育着悠远醇厚的华夏传统文化底蕴,且是马克思主义与中国传统文化相契合的生命产物。可以说,中国共产党人以唯物史观批判地传承着中国传统文化,实现了对中国传统文化悟化认知的划时代的历史飞跃,并丰富、充实和演进了马克思主义的理论硕果,从而建构着中华传统文化对马克思主义中国化哲理体系的韵味隽永的审美印证。     

社区作为传统知识权利主体的基本理论问题研究

传统知识的法律保护是当今知识产权国际保护的前沿问题之一,其权利主体具有一定的特殊性。社区作为传统知识的权利主体并不违背知识产权的私权属性,在这一点上传统知识权和知识产权本质上是相同的。但是,一般知识产权的正当性解释中隐含的前提是＂消极社区＂理论,而传统知识的权利主体确立过程中隐含的前提是＂积极社区＂理论,在这一点上存在着根本区别。