人类学背景下的语言和言语研究--论语言人类学的研究视野

语言人类学的学科定义以及语言实践、言语行为、指引性和参与性等理论方法的研究视野加深了我们对语言的理解。把语言视作一种交际工具、一种思维模式、一种文化实践 ,即一种行为形式的语言观 ,使得这门边缘学科能够创造性地继续影响它所吸收养分的人文社会学科 ,同时对我们理解语言对于人类的意义有其独特的贡献。语言人类学是人类学背景下的语言和言语研究 ,是把语言作为文化源和言语作为文化实践的研究 ,是语言学的一种人类学阐释。     

Reporting beyond the pale: UK news discourse on drones in Pakistan

This article on drone strikes in Pakistan offers a distinctive empirical case study for critical scholarship of counterterrorism. By asking how cosmopolitanism has developed through UK news discourse, it also provides a constructivist contribution to the literature on drones. I argue that UK news discourse is not cosmopolitan because it focuses on risk and places the Other beyond comprehension. US–UK networked counterterrorism operations have complicated accountability, and while a drive for certainty promoted more scrutiny of policy, news media outlets, academics and activists turned to statistical and visual genres of communication that have inhibited understanding of the Other.     

‘Whichever way you turn,there is the face of God’ diaspora,memory, and historiography from the margin in The Moor’s Account by Laila Lalami

In The Moor’s Account, Laila Lalami dares to dust off the archive of official history that passed over the testimonies of a Moroccan slave during the Discovery Age. This paper explores the way the slave capitalizes on historiography to reconstruct the Western monolithic history. In so doing, the re-constructor’s memory performs a number of roles. It registers the history of the European conquest of La Florida using micro narrative frameworks that highlight salient differences from the official record. Besides, the diasporic memory that the present novel advocates has the intention to mark a difference of the silenced subjectivity from the supremacist histories through a transnational matching of homeland with diaspora. This transnationalism is coupled with a look forward to circumvent the essentialism implied in the monologic narratives. In shuttling between the past, present, and future, memory espouses cosmopolitanism as an alternative to the fundamentalism which threatens people’s cultural diversity.     

Post-war Kosovo landscapes in Pristina: discrepancies between language policy and urban reality

This paper focuses on the complex nature of post-war multilingual landscapes in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, as shaped by the country’s political shift after independence in 2008. We aim to contribute to this sociolinguistically underexplored territory through an examination of the relative predominance and visibility of the capital’s most dominant languages: Albanian, Serbian, and English. Our central aim is to empirically problematize the shared co-officialdom of the Albanian and Serb languages, as put forward in the “Ahtisaari Plan” in 2007 and subsequently adopted in the State Constitution in 2008 and Language Laws in 2006 and 2008. We posit that the multilingual language policies which paint an inclusive, multi-ethnic picture of Pristina do not coincide with its monolingual Albanian reality. In addition to these empirical findings, our second aim is to contribute to the theorization of authorship in the public sphere. With reference to the Pristina context, we problematize the analytical categorization conventionally made between top-down and bottom-up agency and distinguish a third category of semi-official authorship. This third category enables us to examine the dynamic nature of the discrepancy between Kosovo’s language policy and Pristina’s urban linguistic reality in more detail.     

论侦查讯问中的环境因素

侦查讯问是侦查员与犯罪嫌疑人在特定的环境中以面对面的方式进行的一种特殊的侦查措施,其目的在于获取犯罪嫌疑人的言词证据和线索。特定的环境和面对面的方式是侦查讯问的突出特点。单从环境因素的角度,其可分解为时空环境因素、人际环境因素和语言环境因素。不同的环境因素会对侦查讯问产生不同的影响。     

中西词类二分学说史的比较

实词虚词二分法是汉语传统语言学的重要词类理论。从唐代孔颖达始 ,经元、明、清代小学家的继承与发展 ,实字和虚字学说成为比较完整的词类理论。西方及至十七世纪才有人从语义角度提出完整词和小品词的二分学说。十九世纪以后西方语言理论中的 full word和 empty word二分法 ,实际上是受了汉语传统语言学实字虚字学说的启发 ,两个术语也是根据实字、虚字名称翻译而成。词类二分法已经成为普通语言学的重要语法学说 ,是我国传统语言学对现代语言学的贡献     

礼貌原则在法庭审理用语中的体现

法庭审理既是司法机关行使司法权力的重要手段,同时也是上诉人行使诉权的重要阶段。整个法庭审理过程都基于语言形式,这就要求双方在特定的情景下掌握一定的语言策略和技巧。礼貌原则存在于不同的社会、文化和语言环境中。本文拟从语言学的角度出发,探讨礼貌原则如何在法庭审理中得到体现。     

论公安大学生英语语言能力的培养

随着21世纪知识经济时代的到来，国际竞争日益激烈，国际交往日益扩大，我国改革开放步伐进一步加快，这给培养公安人才素质提出了新的要求。本文论述了培养公安大学生英语语言能力的意义，提出了只有坚持改革，才能培养和提高学生英语语言能力的思路。     

言内语境影响下的《毛传》直训训释词分析

《毛传》直训是随文释义的训释材料,因此在语境影响下,《毛传》直训体现为多种训释类型。其中言内语境激活同义单位之间的区别义素,《毛传》从语法属性、语义搭配等角度对同义聚合体进行辨异选择,结果便形成《毛传》直训训释词的多重设置这一现象。     

泰国的阿卡人

阿卡人是泰国的一个少数民族,居住在泰国北部地区。作为泰国的一个山地民族,阿卡人有它自己独特的语言习俗和历史文化。本文拟对此作一简要论述。