关于司法鉴定管理工作的实践和思考——以开展专项活动为视角

根据司法鉴定管理工作发展的实际进程,结合司法鉴定行业的发展现状,遵循司法鉴定工作的发展规律,有针对性地开展不同内容的主题实践活动,有计划、有步骤、有重点地解决司法鉴定领域存在的实际问题,推动司法鉴定工作稳步健康发展,是新形势下加强司法鉴定管理工作的有效方法。     

司法鉴定科技需求的分析与展望

司法鉴定具有科学和法律的双重属性。司法鉴定在保障司法公正、维护社会公平正义、构建社会主义和谐社会中,发挥着重要作用。目前司法鉴定行业科技发展的现状已不能适应司法鉴定行业自身及社会进步的要求,针对司法鉴定科技发展存在的主要问题,对司法鉴定科学技术发展的现状、需求、可行性、目标和意义进行思考并提出相应建议。     

论事业单位型司法鉴定机构的定位与发展

事业单位型司法鉴定机构包括大专院校、科研院所设立的司法鉴定机构,其接受设立单位和司法鉴定主管部门的管理．具有鉴定硬件、软件、人才方面的显著优势．是我国司法鉴定主体发展的主要对象,也是司法鉴定实践、科学研究、制度研究的主要力量,对我国的司法鉴定发展具有举足轻重的作用。对其特点的探讨,目的在于确立其地位,发挥培养人才和科学技术创新的优势;规范质量管理,发挥在司法鉴定发展与实践的核心作用.     

论我国高校司法鉴定机构的完善与发展

《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》的实施,为我国司法鉴定的发展掀开了崭新的一页。《决定》实施以来,司法鉴定机构增长迅速,其中高校司法鉴定机构增速更居各类司法鉴定机构之首。如今,高校司法鉴定机构已经成为了我国司法鉴定系统中不可或缺的重要组成部分。如何把握好高校司法鉴定机构的优势,推动高校司法鉴定机构的完善与发展,已经成为我国司法鉴定发展中的重要课题。     

创新司法鉴定治理理念

司法鉴定事业改革事关司法民主、司法公正、司法效率和司法形象。深化司法鉴定体制改革，必须积极推进司法鉴定治理理念创新。因为理念是事物发展的灵魂，决定着事物的发展方向。总结中外司法鉴定发展规律，应当践行以下现代司法鉴定治理理念。     

司法鉴定机构的性质、功能与设置模式探索

司法鉴定机构的性质决定着司法鉴定机构的地位和功能。立足司法鉴定工作发展的实际,从司法鉴定机构的设立模式和生存状态入手,深入分析其性质,并由此界定其地位、功能,对于明确司法鉴定工作的改革思路、科学整合资源,加强分类管理和监督,推动司法鉴定工作的健康发展具有重要意义。     

对司法鉴定学几个概念的再思考

<正> 司法鉴定学的基础理论是由司法鉴定实践概括出来的关于司法鉴定领域的基本概念、基本规律的知识的有系统的结论,是司法鉴定学的根基,是司法鉴定学赖以发展的基石或起点。我国多年的司法鉴定实践为发展、完善司法鉴定学基础理论提供了丰富的资料和经验,但是我国学者对司法鉴定学的基础理论内容的研究尚缺乏深刻性和全面性。这主要表现在研究诉讼     

以地方立法为突破口实现司法鉴定工作跨越式发展

司法鉴定立法是司法鉴定制度改革发展的必然要求。为进一步贯彻落实全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》，各地相继出台了关于司法鉴定管理方面的地方性法规。陕西省根据省情也颁布了《陕西省司法鉴定管理条例》，这对建立统一的司法鉴定管理体制，规范司法鉴定活动的监督管理，加强司法鉴定队伍建设、制度建设、质量建设，促进司法公正，维护当事人的合法权益，推进陕西省司法鉴定工作实现跨越式发展，都具有十分重要的意义.     

司法鉴定管理困境及改革路径——以浙江省为视角

党的十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》就司法鉴定工作提出"健全统一司法鉴定管理体制"、"完善鉴定人出庭制度"等改革任务。随着依法治国方略深入推进,司法鉴定行业迎来了重大发展机遇。继续深化司法鉴定管理体制改革、严格落实各项司法鉴定改革制度,不断创新是当今司法行政机关贯彻党的十八届四中全会精神的具体任务。结合司法鉴定管理工作实践,剖析当前司法鉴定管理工作存在问题,提出新时期进一步推进司法鉴定发展的思路和建议。     

中国司法鉴定体制改革的实践探索与系统思考

司法鉴定是司法公正的保障,也是建设公正、高效、权威的司法制度的重要组成部分。为适应经济社会发展需要,中央提出了建立统一司法鉴定管理体制的改革目标,全国人大常委会《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》确立了司法鉴定管理的基本法律框架。因种种原因,司法鉴定体制改革仍存在未能到位,甚至出现不协调等问题。从司法鉴定体制改革的最高目标出发,站在全局的角度,系统思考司法鉴定体制改革的目标、方向和路径,对司法鉴定统一管理的基本制度、基本规范和基本要求进行深入研究,才能够准确把握司法鉴定制度的基本定位。转变发展理念,创新发展思路,推进体制和机制改革,实现司法鉴定行业的可持续协调发展已成为其体制改革的第一要务。     

Historical and contemporary views of social control,race, crime,and justice

This volume is a special issue commemorating Black History Month in the United States. The five papers contained in the volume address a wide variety of issues in the area of race, crime, and justice.     

Tension, compression, and shear: directions, stresses, and outcomes of health care cost control

"Control" of health care costs is often portrayed as a struggle between external, "natural" forces pushing costs up and individuals, groups, and societies trying to resist the inevitable. This picture is false. Control includes strenuous efforts by some to raise costs, and by others to resist those increases, and/or to transfer costs to someone else. But all such forces originate in the purposes and interests of individuals and groups. Health care cost control is a struggle among conflicting interests over the priorities of a society, and claims of "inevitability" are simply part of the political rhetoric of that struggle. International experience supports certain conclusions. First, there is no basis for the claim that limits on expenditure growth must threaten the health of (some members of) a society. Second, there is a substantial variety of experience with cost control. Failure in the United States is often presented as evidence of the impossibility of control, but most other countries have succeeded. Finally, control requires the direct confrontation of interests, with substantial build-up of stress. Advocates of expansion are more successful if they can transform compressive forces into efforts to shift the burden onto someone else. Pressures from providers in every country for "privatization" and/or payment by users reflect this recognition of economic interest.     

Organ weight effects of drowning and asphyxiation on the lungs, liver, brain, heart, kidneys, and spleen

An examination of the organ weights associated with victims of drowning, asphyxiation and trauma was undertaken to determine (a) the effects of asphyxiation compared to a trauma group, and in turn, (b) the effects of drowning compared to an asphyxiation group. Included in the study were 217 drowning deaths, 166 pure asphyxiation deaths and 381 trauma deaths. The effects of asphyxiation (compared to trauma) resulted in elevated mean organ weights for the lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen (with mean increases of 17.8, 10.5, 10.3 and 23.4%, respectively). Effects of drowning (compared to asphyxiation) resulted in elevated mean organ weights only with the lungs and kidneys (with mean increases of 30.0 and 4.4%, respectively). Only the mean heart and brain weight remained constant across all experimental groups. A picture of drowning is suggested in which elevated lung and kidney weights are the result of both asphyxiation and the aspiration of water that occurs with drowning, whereas elevated spleen and liver weights in drowning victims are associated with only the effects of asphyxiation. In addition, the common autopsy finding of a small, anemic spleen in drowning, rather than caused by some pathophysiological mechanism of death, is hypothesized to be a postmortem phenomenon.     

Organ weight effects of drowning and asphyxiation on the lungs,liver, brain,heart, kidneys,and spleen

An examination of the organ weights associated with victims of drowning, asphyxiation and trauma was undertaken to determine (a) the effects of asphyxiation compared to a trauma group, and in turn, (b) the effects of drowning compared to an asphyxiation group. Included in the study were 217 drowning deaths, 166 pure asphyxiation deaths and 381 trauma deaths. The effects of asphyxiation (compared to trauma) resulted in elevated mean organ weights for the lungs, liver, kidneys and spleen (with mean increases of 17.8, 10.5, 10.3 and 23.4%, respectively). Effects of drowning (compared to asphyxiation) resulted in elevated mean organ weights only with the lungs and kidneys (with mean increases of 30.0 and 4.4%, respectively). Only the mean heart and brain weight remained constant across all experimental groups. A picture of drowning is suggested in which elevated lung and kidney weights are the result of both asphyxiation and the aspiration of water that occurs with drowning, whereas elevated spleen and liver weights in drowning victims are associated with only the effects of asphyxiation. In addition, the common autopsy finding of a small, anemic spleen in drowning, rather than caused by some pathophysiological mechanism of death, is hypothesized to be a postmortem phenomenon.     

Comparative study of postmortem barbiturates, methadone, and morphine in vitreous humor, blood, and tissue

With the introduction of radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques, it has become toxicologically possible to determine drug concentrations in postmortem vitreous humor. This study demonstrates and confirms this toxicological feasibility. In 49 medical examiner's drug related cases, postmortem tissue levels of morphine, barbiturates, and methadone were compared to the vitreous humor.     

Ironies of Crime, Control, and Criminology

Irony is a kind of communication in which shared knowledge about a particular context is formed as a counter-intuitive statement with hidden meaning. Irony is important because it branches the tree of knowledge and balances morality. This paper reviews the definition and value of irony; examines ironic works on crime and control; proposes an irony of criminology: it can be studied with science and thereby improved; draws on this idea to provide a method-based theory of theory and findings; and concludes by discussing implications for future work in reflexive criminology.