社会学视野中的城市化新市民

城市化的实质是农民市民化。在城市化过程中,总是伴随大量的农民失去土地从而变成市民。城市化新市民在转变为合格市民的过程中,因为外界环境条件和他们的心理都会发生剧烈变化,所以必然要面临各种冲突和社会失范。通过社会调适城市化新市民的角色冲突,改变他们的文化、生活方式和建立新社区等可以使他们能尽快地适应城市生活,早日转变为合格的城市居民。     

公安机关居民安全感调查中存在的问题与对策

在社情民意调查手段中,居民安全感调查是利用定量和定性相结合的方法进行犯罪受害恐惧心理感受的调查研究工作。居民安全感调查有助于公安机关收集民意,使决策资源＂从群众中来＂,打造服务型公安机关,更好地执行群众路线。目前在居民安全感调查中仍然存在认识不清、重视不够、人才缺乏、经验不足和监控不力等方面的问题,严重影响了居民安全感。针对存在的主要问题,公安机关应从人才培养、健全监控机制等方面采取有效对策加以解决。     

从农民的边际消费倾向看拉动农村消费问题

本文根据《中国统计年鉴》有关农村居民家庭人均纯收入与人均生活消费支出的最新统计数据,对我国农村居民的边际消费倾向和农村居民的消费行为特点作了分析。现在农村居民的消费仍主要集中为吃穿用消费,农民将收入用于文教消费的自发性和积极性较弱。目前国家为拉动农村消费需求采取的一系列举措是必要的,但这些举措需要与更有力的政策相配合才能收到理想的效果。     

中国城镇居民养老保险对消费行为的影响研究——基于Feldstein生命周期假说模型

现阶段我国面临人口老龄化加剧和内需疲软难题,研究城镇居民养老保险对消费的影响,有利于为我国建立扩大消费需求长效机制提供理论支撑和政策建议。文章通过使用1980-2010年中国城镇居民人均消费性支出、人均可支配收入、人均储蓄和人均养老保险支出等数据,基于Feldstein生命周期假说模型,实证分析中国城镇居民养老保险对消费行为的影响效应。分析结果表明,中国城镇居民人均养老保险支出每增加1%,消费就会增加0.5%,说明城镇居民养老保险对消费有较大的推动作用,另外增加居民的人均可支配收入,也可以扩大消费。     

对繁荣地区暂住人口情况的调研

文章通过对鞍山市铁西区繁荣地区暂住人口情况的调查,将该辖区内的暂住人口进行分类,并分析了暂住人口管理的实际情况,进而提出对暂住人口管理工作的几点思考.     

Creating a home to promote recovery: the physical environments of Oxford House

The interior and exterior physical characteristics of substance abuse recovery program dwellings (11 woman, 44 men) from three geographic sections of the United States were assessed at creating a "house-as-home" for residents. Although each house was independently governed and operated by residents, results indicated vast similarities among the interior characteristics, amenities, and structural aspects. These rented dwellings also had similar well-maintained exterior characteristics, despite their geographic locations. Follow-up interviews of former residents indicated that these house characteristics and amenities helped create a sense of home not found in traditional institutional facilities. Results suggested that residents of self-governed independently operated recovery houses may create and maintain safe and sober settings that elicit a sense of home among residents.     

中国农村居民消费状况分析——基于西方消费理论的实证检验

该文根据近代西方经济学理论的几类消费理论,在近年来宏观经济数据的基础上构建能够反映出中国农村消费状况的经济模型,寻找影响中国农村居民消费的主要因素,分析中国农村居民的消费状况,探求解决促进农村居民消费需求增长问题的途径。     

合法性视角下城市居民委员会过度行政化的内在逻辑及其治理

城市居民委员会角色兼具自治性和准行政性,是基于社区现实特点考量和既有权力体系框架约束下理性选择的结果。然而,基于自身对政府资源依赖的法定化,城市居民委员会在治理实践中行为发生偏差,自身的行政化色彩渐趋浓厚,最终出现自身准行政性角色的越位。这种过度行政化实质上是角色合法性和资源依赖合法性之间存在张力的结果。对此,城市居民委员会应从政党—国家—社会之间的关系维度出发,围绕社区自治能力体系性建设,从组织资源投入、自身制度保障、居民自治协商机制完善、技术平台建设等方面展开,以增强对自身会行动策略偏好的影响力,实现自身向群众自治性组织角色的回归。     

广西农村居民科普的现状及对策--来自2003年广西公众科学素养的调查

由于经济发展滞后,科普体系不健全,文化水平偏低,广西农村居民的科学素养不高,科普教育形势较为严峻。必须采取相应措施,提高广西农村居民的科学素养,为建设农村和谐社会打下坚实基础。     

Urban Residents’ Prejudice and Integration of Rural Migrants into Urban China

Using data from a 2011 national household survey, this study examines the factors shaping urban residents’ prejudice toward rural-to-urban migrants and the impacts of prejudice on rural migrants’ integration into urban communities. The author addresses the endogeneity of the prejudice variable by employing an instrumental variable method. The results show that urban residents with higher education and household income report stronger prejudice. Also, urban residents with urban hukou at birth are more prejudiced toward rural migrants. Given that hukou status at birth is tied to parental hukou status, this result implies that prejudice can be transferred across generations. With regards to rural migrants’ integration into urban communities, high levels of prejudice in one’s current county of residence reduces perceived social standing of rural migrants and increases the number of livelihood problems they encounter. The author also conducts a falsification test, which provides support that the effect of urban residents’ prejudice on rural migrants’ integration is causal.     

中国农村居民医疗保健消费需求实证分析

该文以2003-2010年中国统计年鉴为基础,利用扩展线性支出系统模型（ELES）,并借助于SPSS13.0统计软件对2002-2009年中国农村居民各项消费的边际消费倾向、需求收入弹性、基本需求进行了动态分析。结果表明,中国农村居民各项消费支出与纯收入之间确实存在着显著的线性相关关系;农村低收入户尚未满足基本需求,需要社会救济,收入差距在进一步扩大,且农村居民在满足基本需求后,用于提高生活质量的消费比例在不断下降。     

少数民族旅游地的旅游利益分配问题初探——以广西民族旅游地为例

少数民族地区旅游业的发展离不开当地居民的参与,因此在旅游开发中必须处理好旅游利益的分配问题。然而目前在少数民族地区旅游开发中普遍存在着利益分配不公的问题,当地居民的利益分配权被长期忽视。为建立公平合理的利益分配模式,必须充分发挥政府的职能作用,加强旅游开发中民族传统文化保护的法制建设,营造民族传统文化的保护氛围,提高传承人的津贴,鼓励成立传统文化保护的民间社团,在旅游开发中逐步提高当地居民的可分配利益。     

城市暂住人口管理的现状及对策

人口的流动是社会发展的现象之一,同时也对城市的各种管理尤其是公安机关的治安管理带来了诸多的困难。特别是城市郊区,随着城市化建设的不断发展,管理的滞后,暂住人口的问题尤其明显,加强暂住人口的管理,促进城市郊区的城市化进程成为公安机关的工作重点。     

Rural Legal Aid in the Perspective of Human Rights: Status Quo and Reform

As one of the human rights protection systems for rural residents, legal aid is an important well-being project. It provides legal assistance to the rural population with regard to every aspect of the application of the law, and reflects the care and assistance given to rural residents. It is an important way to ensure the equal realization of legitimate rights and interests of rural residents, and it is also a powerful measure to promote the all-round development of the rural population. After more than 20 years of growth, China's rural legal aid work has achieved gratifying results. However, there are still outstanding problems such as unbalanced supply and demand, narrow scope, and tight funding. Therefore, we should build on the practice of rural legal aid to expand the number of aid teams, improve the quality of legal aid, broaden the scope of aid, and provide financial support so that rural legal aid can be truly visible, accessible, affordable and well performed.     

农民工的法律意识演变分析

从乡村走进城市,从农业文明跨越到工业文明,农民工面临着从农民到农民工、从农民工到市民的角色转换,其法律意识不能仍停留在农民的法律意识层面,提高农民工法律意识水平的途径包括内部和外部两种途径。农民工法律意识的变化可以更好维护自身的合法权益,同时也为农民工的完全市民化做好法律观念的铺垫。     

满意度和需求度二维耦合视角下的农村公共服务现状研究——以湖北省为例

本文根据2010年11月对湖北省3个县市624名农村居民的问卷调查及深度访谈所获得的数据和信息,从满意度和需求度二维耦合的视角对农村公共服务的现状进行实证分析。结果表明:农村居民对农村公共服务的满意度和需求度的评价不存在明显的相关性。以满意度和需求度的得分为观测值,运用系统聚类法将基本医疗保障等15项农村公共服务分为6类各具特征的公共服务。文章建议各级政府依据各类公共服务的特征及优先序,采取差异化的供给策略。     

Resident-Defined Neighborhood Mapping: Using GIS to Analyze Phenomenological Neighborhoods

Using a natural quasi-experimental pretest/posttest design, residents in randomly selected homes in a suburb of Los Angeles were surveyed about their perceptions of their neighborhoods with respect to cohesion and sense of community. Responses from the pretest surveys—administered before the construction of a freeway that would bisect the city—were compared to the responses from the posttest survey six years later, administered two years after completion of the freeway. Respondents living adjacent to the new freeway—residents who experienced a fourfold increase in the average decibel levels in their neighborhoods since the freeway opened—reported both a lower sense of community and smaller neighborhood areas as compared to residents not living adjacent to the freeway and as compared to the results from the pretest. The analysis of the data incorporated geographic information system (GIS) software to allow for the analysis of phenomenological neighborhoods—neighborhoods as defined by respondents. This Resident-defined Neighborhood Mapping methodology permitted us to analyze neighborhoods as the respondents outlined them, not as they were preconceived by someone outside the neighborhood. It is suggested that this new methodology may prove useful in advancing the field of neighborhood research by detecting neighborhood-level change that traditional methods may miss.     

A New Life Near Coalmine

New industries and an infusion of cultural heritage combine to offer opportunity for residents in Ordos     

论大陆人民在台湾地区的法律地位——以“释字第710号解释”为中心

由于历史和政治的原因,台湾地区相关规定以及司法实践形成了大陆人民和台湾人民“区别对待”准则,对两岸关系产生了消极影响.日前,台湾地区“司法院”作成“释字第710号解释”,形成“同等对待”准则,部分地修正了“区别对待”准则.“同等对待”准则具有深远的两岸意义,为确立大陆人民在台法律地位以及保障大陆人民在台权益提供了法理依据.     

试析黄山市旅游业对非景区居民消费水平的影响

当今世界，旅游业已成为发展最快、前景最广阔、规模最大、最重要的产业之一，占全球GDP的比重已超过10％。因此，旅游业作为一项产业，是当今社会经济发展的一个重要组成部分，通过对旅游的推动、促进和提供便利服务来从中获取收入，旅游业从根本上说是一项经济性产业。而旅游业带来的经济影响更是不容小觑。此文以黄山为例，采用黄山非景区居民的的视角，深入剖析这一独特人群对于这一现象的看法，从而分析黄山旅游业对非景区居民消费水平影响的原因以及发展趋势。