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法官制度改革的目标应当是“法官要办案、法官会办案、法官只办案”。实现这个目标的标志是:法院里最大的“官”是法官,最高的“长”是审判长。这一官一长只管案件。而法院目前的现状与这一目标的要求相差甚远。为了推进依法治国的进程,落实十六大提出的加强社会主义法制建设的任务,必须重新构建能够体现司法特质的法官制度,在这个制度的保障和约束下,造就一支高度职业化和高度自治的职业法官队伍。 相似文献
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“作为一名法官意味着什么?”无论我是对学生还 是公众演讲,我从未被问过这样一个既简单又深邃的问题。实际上,答案有很多种。也许,首先,也是最重要的,作为一名法官意味着相信你的直觉并且跟随它们。一名庭审法 官必须在孤独中作出确定无疑的决定。没有合议庭,没有争论与协商一致,没有建议者也没 有投票表决。法官不能把决定留给别人,他们不得不用心、用脑、用智慧去明辨事实,衡量 轻重,分析法律,并最终达到公正的结果。法官助理可以帮助查寻资料,电脑可以帮助组织 材料,但是每个庭审法官必须独立作出裁判。作为一名法官意味着… 相似文献
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一、法官自由裁量权的属性及价值 法官自由裁量权具有司法权力性、个案关联性、优先权力性、价值取向性和权力有限性等五个属性。前两个属性不言而喻。所谓优先权力性,是指法官在面临多种可供选择的处理方案或规则时,有权决定其中的一种优先于另一种。所谓价值取向性,是指法官的自由裁量并非形式逻辑的操作,而是一种价值判断。所谓权力有限性,是指法官自由裁量权不是一种绝对自由的权力,它有外部和内部的限制。就外部而言,它受合法性原则的 相似文献
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基层法官司法知识的开示(续) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
基于对中国基层司法的调查和研究 ,本文试图概括地总结中国基层司法中经常运用的一些在现有的法律知识体制中未予以足够重视的知识和技术 ,并予以初步的理论分析。 相似文献
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非职业法官研究:理念、制度与实践 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为推介中国人民大学法学院博士培养成果,搭建论文品评乃至学术评价之平台,《法学家》专辟"博文精萃"一栏。该栏目由两部分组成:其一是"论文要旨",由博文作者对其博文进行全面系统而重点突出的介绍,一般宜包括如下要素:博文的体系架构;博文每章节的主要内容;博文的主要特点;博文的主要创新和不足;博文所研究领域的课题展望。其二是"论文评议",可以是答辩委员会的论文审查意见,或者评审专家的点评,具体宜包括如下要素:对论文的总体评价;对论文的体系及各章节的评价;对论文创新的评价;指出论文的不足以及进一步完善的方向。敬请关注并提出宝贵建议。 相似文献
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Polygamy In Family Court: A Resource For Judges Dealing With An Unfamiliar Family Structure 下载免费PDF全文
Billy Gage Raley 《Juvenile & family court journal》2017,68(4):5-23
Cases concerning polygamous households can present difficult challenges for family courts. Though a growing number of Americans practice polygamy, the lifestyle still remains shrouded in mystery. Many polygamists are religious (and sometimes racial) minorities that have suffered from discrimination. The most influential judicial precedents concerning polygamy come from the nineteenth century and are tinged with religious and racial stereotypes, which can make judges uncomfortable with citing those decisions. There is a need for reliable, unprejudiced, and up‐to‐date information about polygamy that judges can cite while maintaining an image of objectivity and impartiality. This Article seeks to provide that resource. It provides information about the evolutionary influences that shape polygamy, how polygamy is practiced in the modern world, and common problems affecting polygamous households that judges should be aware of. 相似文献
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A sample of almost 100 judges exhibited well-known patternsof biases in risk beliefs and reasonable implicit values oflife. These biases and personal preferences largely do not affectattitudes toward judicial risk decisions, though there are someexceptions, such as ambiguity aversion, misinterpretation ofnegligence rules, and retrospective risk assessments in accidentcases, which is a form of hindsight bias. Although judges avoidedmany pitfalls exhibited by jurors and the population at large,they nevertheless exhibited systematic errors, particularlyfor small probability-large loss events. These findings highlightedthe importance of judicial review and the input of expert riskanalysts to assist judicial decisions in complex risk cases. 相似文献
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PETER G. JAFFE CLAIRE V. CROOKS BILLIE LEE DUNFORD‐JACKSON JUDGE MICHAEL TOWN 《Juvenile & family court journal》2003,54(4):1-9
Symptoms of vicarious trauma, coping strategies, and prevention suggestions were investigated with 105 judges. Participants completed a self‐report measure developed for this study. The majority of judges (63%) reported one or more symptoms that they identified as work‐related vicarious trauma experiences. Female judges reported more symptoms, as did judges with seven or more years of experience. In addition, female judges were more likely to report internalizing difficulties, while judges with more experience reported higher levels of externalizing/hostility symptoms. Coping and prevention strategies were multi‐domain (i.e., personal, professional, and societal) and underscored the need for greater awareness and support for judges. 相似文献
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法官的产生是由统治者(国王)渡让权力的结果。法官自设立之时起,就与正义联系在一起。由于各民族的特点不同,法官产生的路径是不一样的:既有从全社会中民主选举产生的,也有仅从贵族中民主选举产生的。早期的法官其实并非“官”,其在社会上的地位甚至排不上官僚的序列;早期的法官也不是由专家来担任的。司法腐败似乎是随司法权的产生而产生的。由选举产生法官的目的是为了防止腐败;而以任命的方式、以个人品德来产生法官的目的也是为了防止法官腐败,结果都没能制止司法的腐败。法官职业与其它职业一样,是社会分工和制度文明进步的必然产物。不同的政体性质也决定了法官的形式。司法的最终目的是为了保障司法独立。 相似文献
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Every day, judges are faced with decisions regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) victims' requests for protection orders, custody arrangements, and visitation schedules. To make informed decisions, judges must understand victims' risk for future violence. This mixed method study explores the extent to which protection order petitions (n=169) communicate victims' current danger and future risk of violence. Methods included interviews coupled with an archival review of court petitions. Findings suggest judges are inadequately prepared to render decisions to improve victim safety in the absence of standardized risk assessments. The Danger Assessment provides an evidence-based solution to routinize intake interviews with victims petitioning the court. 相似文献
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Kevin M. Scott 《Law & society review》2006,40(1):163-192
One of the central controversies in the judicial behavior literature is the extent to which judges' ability to act according to their ideological preferences is affected by their location in the judicial hierarchy. Judges on intermediate appellate courts have different decisionmaking environments than high court judges. As a result, the goals of lower appellate court judges may differ from those of their superiors: the quest for legal accuracy may compete with the desire to pursue policy preferences. Analysis of the reversal rate of the U.S. circuit courts of appeals offers insight into the extent to which these judges balance the pressures of their own policy preferences with the desire to achieve the legally accurate result in cases they decide. 相似文献
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基层法官司法知识的开示 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
基于时中国基层司法的调查和研究,本文试图概括地总结中国基层司法中经常运用的一些在现有的法律知识体制中末于以足够重视的知识和技术,并予以初步的理论分析。本文认为,由于中国基层法院法官所处的特定制度空间(初审法院)和时空位置(中国基层社会),他/她们所需要的知识和技巧不仅与理想型法官不同,而且与上诉审法官也不同。在这种余件下,中国基层法院法官实际上经常并非自党地创造和运用一些知识和技术。这种知识和技术有助于实用主义地解决一些实际问题,并且从现代的其他学科知识看来也具有一定的学理上的正当性,但是在有些情况下,也有可能被滥用。这种从司法实践来的知识,尽管来自基层,缺乏实践者的自我反思,但仍然具有实践意义和理论意义,需要当代中国关注现实的法学象的重视和研究。 相似文献