反义词共现构式“X的Y的”的句法语义研究

反义词共现构式"X的Y的"是现代汉语中比较独特的一种语言现象。基于语料库对该构式的组构成分、句法特征及语义进行详细描写和分析,可以发现进入该构式的可变量"X"和"Y"主要是反义形容词、动词、名词和代词;该构式在句中主要充当主语、定语、宾语等句法成分;该构式有加合义、周遍义和选择义三种语义。加合义是该构式的基本义,周遍义是"部分代整体"转喻作用的结果,选择义则受句法环境压制使然。     

“不要太?X?”和“?X?得不要不要的”对比研究

高程度义构式"不要太X"表达"与听话人预期相悖"的主观情态,该构式具有"出乎意料"的夸张效果。它是从表示劝阻禁止义的"不要太X"发展而来的,这种预期结果与实际出现的结果存在极大的反差,从而形成了反预期。同样表高程度义的构式"X得不要不要的"在句法、语义上与"不要太X"存在差异,具体来说,包括:充当句子成分的差异;能否在特殊句式中使用。     

构式角度下的汉语重叠形式的英语注释方法和原则

本文通过对汉语和英语中叠词的比较,从构式角度来分析汉语中叠词的英译原则,论证出英译时尽量用＂英语现有的重叠和平行和音韵结构来注释汉语的重叠形式＂的方法来解决汉语的重叠形式这种构式结构的翻译问题。     

“您”主语祈使句的标记性表现

"您"作为祈使句主语系统中最高层次的标记项呈现出丰富的种种语法表现:对祈使句肯定式的制约主要表现为祈请事象常具有听者[ 受惠]特征;对强调式的制约主要表现在对强调标记的选择与对意志语气强度的限制两个方面;对否定式的制约主要表现为祈请事象常带[ 受损]性以及对否定标记的选择等方面."您"的标记性表现主要与其自身的表敬性及言语行为的礼貌原则有关系.     

法律发展与"否定之否定"

任何事物的发展都是遵循着肯定、否定、否定之否定规律进行的,法的发展也是如此。本文在此尝试借助否定之否定规律对其进行分析,以期对当下中国的法制改革有一定的指导意义。     

“以”字处置式研究

"以"字处置式形成于先秦时期,它的形成经历了"连动式—工具式—处置式"三个阶段。在连动式"以_(动词)+N_1+V+N_2"中,当"以"表示"使用"义时,"N_1"可以理解为"V+N_2"凭借的工具,因此"以"逐渐语法化为工具介词。在工具式"以_(介词)+N_1+V+N_2"中,"以_(介词)+N_1"可以看做是对"N_1"的强调,由此"以"可以理解为焦点标记,在双宾语句式的影响下,形成"以"字处置式。由于"以"字处置式是由"以"字工具式演变而来,因此"以"字式具有多义性,影响了"以"字处置式的发展,从而为"将/把"广义处置式的形成提供了可能。     

票据行为实质要件之否定

长期以来,票据法理论除强调票据行为的形式要件外,还把票据能力和意思表示作为票据行为的实质要件。但是,票据能力和意思表示若具有实质要件意义,则与票据行为的要式性、文义性、无因性、独立性等特征相矛盾,也与促进票据流通的票据法理念相冲突。从票据法及票据行为的个性考虑,票据能力欠缺和意思表示瑕疵仅能作为一种抗辩事实,而不能以此否定票据行为的效力,即票据行为上根本不存在所谓的实质要件。     

英语含蓄否定的界定、表现形式及其翻译

含蓄否定指形式肯定而意义否定或形式否定而意义肯定,是英语中一种常见的语言现象。科学地界定其范围有助于深入研究这一语言现象。归纳、分析英语中容易令人误入歧途的含蓄否定的表现形式,探讨它们在汉英翻译时应注意的问题,对提高跨文化交际能力具有很高的实用价值。     

逆向否定法人人格原则探讨

否定法人人格是我国新公司法为保护公司债权人利益而引入的一项新制度。逆向否定法人人格也是对法人人格的否认,但其在中国并无适用的必要。     

汉语处置式探源

处置式的来源是汉语史研究领域一直争论不休的问题,从句式和语义两个方面讨论汉语处置式产生的理据,似可得出这样的观点：“将/把”成为表处置的介词是它们自身语法化的结果,而不是对旧有句式的替代;“将”字比“把”字早成为处置介词,处置式产生的语义基础是“将”字兼具移位和握持义素,句式基础是“将”字连运句的广泛运用,而“P O1 V O2”（O1=O2）则是最直接的句式源头。     

消灭时效效力若干“通说”质疑

“通说”将消灭时效的效力分为实体权利消灭、诉权消灭和抗辩权发生三主义。然前二者是关于消灭时效标的主义,后者是关于消灭时效效力发生方式的主义,三者不可并列。“时效的效力”由“时效的标的”和“时效发生效力的方式”复合构成。前者有实体权利消灭、起诉权消灭和胜诉权消灭三主义,后者有权利直灭和抗辩权发生两主义。日、法、德民法典在时效发生效力的方式上均为抗辩权发生主义;但时效的标的则众说纷纭,几至混乱。     

机关犯罪立法之反思

1997年刑法典把国家机关规定为犯罪主体,是立法者在积极政治观指导下高估立法能力和司法能力的产物。从消极政治观、刑法的谦抑性以及机关犯罪本身的内在缺陷等方面来看,应取消机关犯罪,把机关排除在犯罪主题之外。     

论司法鉴定“市场化”的负面效应及治理对策

司法鉴定市场化是面向社会服务的司法鉴定机构的基本特征之一,也是司法鉴定机构发展的必然。然而“市场化”也必然受到不良市场因素的影响,导致出现了违反公正、客观、诚信、守法等鉴定要求的情形,尤其是受利益驱动影响的种种乱象。对此,探讨司法鉴定市场化进程中产生乱象的原因以及治理对策,对保障司法鉴定的客观公正具有重要的意义。     

试论“无讼”法律传统产生的历史根源和消极影响

作为中国传统文化的一个有机组成部分的法律文化,无论在思想上和实践上都受中国传统文化的影响,其中最明显的表现即是延续几千年的“无讼”法律传统。“无讼”作为中国古代法律文化的最重要的价值取向。对后世影响很大,是我国今天法治建设的巨大障碍。为了正本清源,从根本上克服“无讼”法律传统带来的消极影响,本文仅就“无讼”法律传统产生的历史根源和消极影响作一剖析,刍荛之言,就正方家。...     

“非中国制造”商标的不适格性

最近,一家在直布罗陀注册的Alvito公司向欧盟提交申请三个带有明显贸易歧视性的“NOT MADE IN CHINA”(“非中国制造”)字样商标。欧盟已先后接受了这些商标的申请,并于2月20日对其中的一个纯文字商标进行正式公告。这意味着这个商标已经通过了欧盟商标主管机构的审查。如果我国方面的企     

Liberty without Equality: The Property-Rights Connection in a "Negative Citizenship" Regime

Why, in comparison with other liberal capitalist democracies, is the social welfare state so poorly anchored in American law and public discourse? Surely American political and social history have contributed much to the weakness of our “social state.” But law, too, has played a significant material, as well as ideological, role and has provided the terrain for much of our social development. This essay explores the particular contribution of the property-liberty nexus to the stunted development of positive liberty and social citizenship in the United States. It traces this connection from the natural rights and bourgeois Founders through several key conjunctures in American history, including Reconstruction, the New Deal, and the civil rights periods and compares some of the results with developments in Germany and the aspirations of American progressives. The essay contends that left and right alike have operated within a highly resilient and constricting framework that has made progress in the area of social citizenship both awkward and fragile. Although some possibilities for forward movement have always existed and still remain, the prospects for positive-liberty social-state law are not abundant: The master's house is not about to be taken down with his own tools.     

“重大”道德义务应当成为不作为犯罪作为义务的来源

重大道德义务应当成为我国不作为犯罪作为义务的来源。关键在于道德义务如何合理的上升为法律义务 ,即在什么样的情况下普通人实施违反道德义务的行为需要追究刑事责任。有限制的道德法律化不但具有可行性 ,而且可以成为提升我国国民的整体道德水平的有效途径。     

Negative Mythology

Law and Critique - Can mythology be a form of critical theory in the service of right? From the standpoint of an Enlightenment tradition, the answer is no. Mythology is characterised by...     

Government Regulation of "Adult" Businesses Through Zoning and Anti-Nudity Ordinances: Debunking the Legal Myth of Negative Secondary Effects

Municipalities that prohibit "adult" businesses from operating in certain areas have justified these "zoning" regulations by advancing the idea that the presence of the business will have so-called "adverse, or negative secondary effects" on the surrounding community. Most recently, a plurality of the United States Supreme Court has upheld the extension of this doctrine beyond the zoning of adult businesses to the symbolic behavior within them in the form of ordinances banning nudity. This article abstracts and analyzes the methods and major empirical findings of studies conducted by United States municipalities, purporting to detect adverse secondary effects of adult businesses. With few exceptions the methods used in the most frequently cited studies are seriously and often fatally flawed. These studies, relied on by other communities throughout the country, do not adhere to professional standards of scientific inquiry and nearly all fail to meet the basic assumptions necessary to calculate an error rate-a test of the reliability of findings in science. Those studies that are scientifically credible demonstrate either no negative secondary effects associated with adult businesses or a reversal of the presumed negative effect. The implications of the lack of evidence of adverse secondary effects for the regulation of performances within adult businesses are discussed.     

Negative declarations in patent cases

The Patents Court has ruled that it has discretion to awarda claimant a negative declaration that its own product was obviousat the priority date of certain divisional applications. Thegrant of the declaration sought would assure the claimant thatit was not accruing ongoing liability.