对科学技术的几点看法

本围绕着科技精神能否独立、科学技术负效应的本质、对科学技术的态度等方面的问题对科学技术与人的关系进行了探讨，认为科学技术所引发的各种问题，从本质上说是人的世界观的问题，是社会制度的问题。     

体制创新是科技创新的重要保障--也谈"汤浅现象"与"李约瑟难题"

根据“汤浅现象,”中国在15世纪前曾是世界科技中心,而“李约瑟难题“则告诉我们,中国尔后在很长时期却没有保持住科技的优势并发育出近代科学。究其原因,体制的制约是关键。改革开放以来,随着对科学技术是第一生产力的倡导,随着科教兴国战略的实施,中国的科技发展势头迅猛,但各种体制问题仍然是影响科技创新能力提高的瓶颈。可以说,创新推动科研发展的经济体制,创新科技行政管理体制,创新教育体制,建立现代科研制度,是目前我国科技发展的当务之急。     

论科技意识及其当代形态

科技意识是一种建立在科学技术实践基础之上的社会意识形态。它反映着科学技术实践与客观事物的关系以及科学技术实践本身的特点、程序、规律和精神气质。科技意识由科学知识、科学方法、科学精神三个层次有机组成。科学方法、科学精神是科学技术活动中更为本质的内容。科学知识、科学方法和科学精神在知识经济时代有了新的丰富和发展，其精神内涵更加清晰和凸现。     

四川科技创新的现状、问题及其对策研究

科技创新是四川省经济社会又好又快发展的前提和保证。目前,四川科技资源较为充足,但科技创新能力较弱、科技资源配置机制欠佳、金融支持体制不完善等问题还很突出,必须通过加快科技体制改革、构建科技创新网络、落实激励优惠政策等措施,才能进一步提高四川省的科技创新能力。     

Brazilian genomics and bioinformatics: instituting new innovation pathways in a global context

Abstract

The paper raises issues of analysis and policy for science and technology in developing countries within the global context of the post-genomic era. Based on a case study of a newly created Brazilian research and technology capability, it argues for an understanding of variety creation, where new organizational forms often transgress established scientific and organizational boundaries and arrangements. In particular, new frontiers of science and technology can be opened up by the alternative trajectories generated by differences in socio-economic, institutional and ecological conditions in ways that thereby reinforce those very differences. It stresses the inherent unevenness and heterogeneity of innovation processes. By focusing on the geopolitical significance of diverse pathways of science and innovation, the approach suggests an alternative vision to catch-up models of innovation and development in terms of variety creation.     

Public Engagement for Informing Science and Technology Policy: What Do We Know,What Do We Need to Know,and How Will We Get There?

This article examines social science relevant to public engagements and identifies the challenges to the goal of meaningful public input into science and technology policy. Specifically, when considering “which forms, features, and conditions of public engagement are optimal for what purposes, and why?” we find social science has not clarified matters. We offer a model to guide systematic research that defines and empirically connects variations in features and types of public engagement activities to specifically defined variations in effective processes and outcomes. The specification of models, as we have done, will guide policy makers, practitioners, and the public in determining what kinds of engagement techniques are optimal for what kinds of purposes. Our model is presented to start conversations and inspire research that in the future should help to ensure meaningful public participation that meets the promise of contributing thoughtful societal values and perspectives into governmental policies impacting science and technology research.     

新时期科研院所加强基层党建的实践与思考

在党的十六大上,我们党把“实施科教兴国和可持续发展战略,充分发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的作用,依靠科技进步”庄严地写入了党章的总纲,从而确立了科学技术在全面建设小康社会中的重要地位。中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第四次全体会议进一步明确了党的基层组织是党全部工作和战斗力的基础,是落实党的路线方针政策和各项工作任务的战斗堡垒。党的基层组织是我们党的细胞,新时期科研院所基层党建必须坚持围绕中心、服务大局、拓宽领域、强化功能,进一步巩固和加强党的基层组织,着力扩大覆盖面、增强生机活力,使党的基层组织充分发挥推动发展、服务群众、凝聚人心、促进和谐的作用,使广大党员牢记宗旨、心系群众;要推进基层党组织工作创新,增强党员队伍生机活力,建设高素质基层党组织带头人队伍。本文旨在针对科研院所基层党建存在的一些问题进行思考,结合近年我们的一些有益实践,提出科研院所加强基层党建工作的措施建议。     

University Leaders and the Public Agenda: Talking About Women and Diversity in STEM Fields

We undertake an investigation of public statements and pronouncements from leaders at various universities to gain insight into institutional values and environments relative to women and their participation and advancement in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and other disciplinary fields. Employing content analysis techniques to focus on terminological use and keyword interdependencies in these speeches, our findings indicate that, while gender equality is addressed as a separate topic in its own right, university leaders raise issues of gender in the context of STEM participation primarily in conjunction only with other topics. As expected, the data also support arguments suggesting diversity in general as an important goal espoused in the rhetoric of university representatives. Questions remain, however, concerning whether these speeches presage concrete institutional commitments and responses relative to the achievement of diversity, gender equality, and gender equity in the STEM professoriate.     

The Emergence of Science as a Political Brand

This article seeks to explain how science has emerged as political brand. While science and politics have intersected for centuries, more recent social, cultural, and political events led to increased attention to the role of science in everyday life and how science is used in policy decision-making. This led to a tipping point in 2017 when the March for Science was formed, following what many in the U.S. and countries around the world viewed as anti-science stances by political leaders. The political spectacle of the March for Science not only brought increased attention to the scientific community, but also emerged to define the brand of science in society. Drawing on research from the role of brands in consumer culture – including political marketing, brand resonance, and brand community – I describe the implications of the science brand for the scientific enterprise, and the ways in which the scientific community consider the strategic communication of their brand within the political marketplace.     

公共科技政策分析的理论进路：评述与比较

公共科技政策分析是一个颇具多样性的领域。新古典经济学、演化经济学、科学技术与社会研究、政策科学4种理论进路各有特点。新古典经济学的政策分析非常清晰,可提供直接的政策工具;演化经济学给予科技发展一种系统的理解,可得到科技发展的结构性制度安排;STS以宽阔的视野,在政策导向、科技行为的规范、政策对科技的建构等方面具有丰富的思想和措施含义;政策科学的分析关注政策系统,为改进政策过程提供认识基础。基于对4种理论进路共性与差异的比较,提出了一个公共科技政策分析的整合的概念框架。     

我国科技人力资源总量测算方法的研究

本文以我国的科技人力资源为研究对象,对中国科技人力资源发展研究报告中关于科技人力资源的测算方法进行了分析和解读,认为中国科技人力资源总量的测算需从深化理论研究、建立评价体系、构建专门的数据库这几个方面进行完善。     

Globalization,state, and innovation: An appraisal of networked industrial policy

One of the most pressing questions in comparative social science is whether, and to what extent, the rapid advance of globalization has negatively affected states’ capacity to initiate successful economic and social policies. This paper puts forward the notion that states continue to be relevant because they have the potential to build and sustain networks of production and learning, which are sorely needed in the current era of globalization when productive arrangements are dominated by decentralized production networks. The paper argues that government efforts aimed at building and sustaining such networks, labeled as “networked industrial policy,” have become predominant. The study features a series of fixed‐effects time series cross‐section (TSCS) regressions linking innovation performance to several networked industrial policies in 17 countries from western and central Europe. The study finds that several of the policies have a robust effect on innovation performance and technology competitiveness, even after controls are included. These findings constitute considerable support for the notion of networked industrial policy. However, the results of the present study must be treated less as a definitive answer to the research question and more as a first step in an ongoing research process.     

女性与科学关联探析

女性与科学是研究科学及科学史问题的重要内容。国内外学者近年来,围绕女性与科学发表了大量的文章,本文着重从"人类发展的需要、社会进步和时代发展的需要、女性求知需要、自我实现需要"和"传统科学发展存在偏差、女性有未开发的智力和性别优势、女性有独特的关注内容、研究方法"等女性与科学关联的角度进行剖析,为女性进入科学提供一个新的合理性和内在逻辑可能。     

发展哲学社会科学的方法论——科技生产力是繁荣哲学社会科学的基础支撑

马克思的历史唯物主义，又叫做历史决定论，或生产力决定论，是人类社会发展的一般规律。科技生产力，是人们认识世界和改造世界的第一工具，是人类社会发展的最终决定力量，是发展和繁荣哲学社会科学的基础支撑。我们发展有中国特色社会主义哲学社会科学，需要深入实际调查研究，准确把握国情民力，认知社会发展阶段，兼收并蓄，提高民众科学素养，努力探索马列中国化的新阶段，最终达到促进社会生产力的发展，和与此相匹配的政治思想文化上层建筑的全面进步，促进“五位一体”和谐社会可持续建设。     

现代科技在信访举报工作中的运用

随着科学技术的发展和人们效率观念的增强,运用现代信息技术开展信访工作势在必行。时下,用现代科技信息技术开展信访工作存在着"无需作为论"、"无所作为论"、"有限作为论"的认识误区。必须解放思想,更新观念,积极探索运用现代科技开展信访工作的新途径,高度重视计算机技术、信息技术、通信技术在信访举报工作中的运用,不断提升信访举报工作的科技含量,切实提高信访举报工作的效能。     

浅论侦查工作中的测谎知识普及

测谎研究应当突破当前单纯技术层面的研究，立足大侦查、大测谎，重视侦、测、审的综合研究，为测谎技术的更好发展寻求有效途径。对侦查人员进行测谎知识的科学普及教育是行之有效的方法之一，有助于测谎技术为侦查工作的有效服务。     

Linking two levels of governance: Citizens’ trust in domestic and European institutions over time

This article puts forward a comprehensive framework for explaining the complex and dynamic relationship between trust in the domestic government and trust in the EU, considering time, country and individual-level variation. Using longitudinal comparative data from 32 Eurobarometer survey waves (2004–2018), we first establish that the link between attitude formation at the national and the EU supranational levels is present over time. Second, we show that during ‘extraordinary’ times of crisis the strength of that relationship intensifies. Third, we posit that the European sovereign debt crisis changed the mechanism for this relationship in two ways: during ‘extraordinary’ times, the link is much stronger in countries hardest hit by the crisis, and the relationship holds independent of individuals' political sophistication across all countries. Our findings have implications for understanding the drivers of EU support and theories of institutional trust.     

新时期大学生科技创新精神和创新能力的培养

21世纪国际竞争日益激化,其本质就是创新型人才的竞争。创新教育是创新型人才培养的前提,而高等教育在创新型人才的培养中起着至关重要的作用,必须要从创意性的课堂教学、结合创业教育开展创新教育、依托大学科技园进行大学生科技创新素质的培养等途径,充分发挥高校对大学生科技创新精神和创新能力的培养作用。     

政府科技计划绩效评价维度、方法及模式

政府科技计划是一种竞争性很强的稀缺资源,不仅需要受控,而且要权责相符。建立科学合理的政府科技计划绩效评价制度,既是政府公共管理和政务公开的要求,又能在一定程度上有利于政府科技经费安全使用,提高资源配置和使用效率。文章通过对国外科技计划绩效评价模式的分析,研究了计划绩效评价的维度和方法论。在此基础上,对我国科技计划评价提出了建议。     

“科学”的价值诉求在现代中国的转型

“：科学”一词引入中国之初，就被视为一种价值体系，被赋予价值维度的理解。在“科学救国——科学兴国——科学发展”的转换过程中“，科学”更多地承载了立国、兴国、强国的使命，展示出其价值诉求的转型历程。这种价值维度的梳理为当前科学发展道路的理念确立和价值选择提供了历史的和逻辑的依据。