公刘活动区域考略

《诗经·公刘》详细叙述了周人先祖公刘带领周民迁都的史实。自《毛传》以来,学者多认为迁都地点是由邰到豳,邰、豳两地都在陕西境内。而现在位于陇东地区的庆阳,亦有不、公刘遗迹。由此,本文试就公刘的活动区域,尤其是其在庆阳地区的活动加以考证。     

舒新城论中学教育改革

舒新城是中国现代教育家,有十几年的中学教育实践经验。他对中国现代中学教育改革进行了较为深入的反思和探讨,特别是有关中学学制、课程和德育改革等方面的思想具有重要意义。     

Entry into Middle School

Summary

The transition to middle school has not been a frequent topic of empirical research. This article presents six guidcposts for conceptualizing this transition. These guideposts focus upon the transaction between attributes of students and multiple levels of their ecological environment. How these operate to influence students' adaptation to middle school is discussed and data which focus on the child portion of this transaction are presented. Predictive relationships between measures of pre-transition adjustment and adaptation following middle school entry are examined, with a special focus on social-cognitive problem solving skills. Other indices included self-concept, peer relations, academic performance, school behavior, and students' self-reported ability to cope with typical Stressors of middle school. Significant findings, as well as implications for research and intervention, are discussed in terms of an ecological model.     

The Cycle of Violence and Disconnection Among Rural Middle School Students

Abstract

A hypothesized relationship between early violent behavior and subsequent connectedness in middle school was examined. Using self-report survey data and a hybrid structural model, the impact of violent behavior on connectedness to teachers and to school among 136 predominantly Caucasian, rural middle school students was examined. After accounting for parenting practices, which explained most of the variance in violence and connectedness, the data revealed a direct effect of violent behavior on connectedness. The data suggest that middle school students who have engaged in violent behavior are likely to experience disconnection from their teachers, and that this disconnection may provide a target for educators' efforts to prevent violence in schools.     

彝族地区中小学校实施民族传统体育课程教学研究

通过对彝族地区中小学校体育课程教学现状的调查与研究,分析在彝族地区中小学校利用彝族传统体育文化资源实施体育课程教学的意义与可行性,对进一步深化彝族地区中小学校体育课程教学改革具有重要的指导作用与实用价值。     

China and Falun Gong: Party and society relations in the modern era

This article aims at giving an in-depth analysis on Falun Gong through a discussion of the determining and underlying reasons behind the phenomenon. From a political-sociological perspective, Falun Gong is taken as a quasi-religion which was able to function, first under political disapproval and then under severe legal constraints, thanks to a combination of modern day communication technology, indigenous Chinese culture and changes in state/Party and society relations.     

“警察”、“警务”与“公安”的概念及其关系

警察是一个历史范畴。从政治国家的角度看,警察是阶级统治的暴力工具;站在市民社会的视角,警察又是一种职业,其工作目标是社会秩序和公共安全。警察的内涵与外延十分丰富。它集文明道德的塑造者,法治规则的信守者,正当秩序的维护者,权力运行的护航者和社会正义的完善者等多重社会角色于一身。在我国,"警察"一度是"公安"的同义语,而新时期的"公安"内涵多指公共安全以及社会治安,是公民对良序社会的一种理想期待。现代警察仍是公共安全的重要支撑,但显然"公安"再不能指望由警察一种力量包揽。警察通过警务的运行来支撑与保障"公安",警务既反映警察的历史又回应现实社会的需要。警务特征因时代与制度的不同而体现差异。融入社会、公开评估应该是新时代警务的显著特征。     

Restructuring the Ecology of the School as an Approach to Prevention During School Transitions

Summary

Normative school transitions are often accompanied by deterioration in students' socio-emotional, behavioral and academic adjustment, and poorer outcomes in later adolescence and young adulthood. The current paper describes a preventive intervention for students experiencing normative transitions into middle grade schools and junior and senior high schools-the School Transitional Environment Project (STEP). The program is based on a transactional-ecological model of preventive intervention that employs a school restructuring and transformation approach in order to prevent the deleterious effects of school transitions and create school environments that are developmentally enhancing. Core features of STEP seek to change the ecological characteristics of the school setting in ways that: (a) reduce the adaptational demands of coping with flux and complexity in new school settings; (b) increase access to and the provision of important emotional and academic/instrumental support and guidance from school staff and other students; and (c) increase the students' sense of connectedness and belonging within the school. The present paper reviews findings from prior trials of the School Environment Transition Project, and presents the results of two additional STEP studies. The first reports on a long-term follow-up of STEP students who received the project in a large, urban high school that served students whose families were largely on public assistance. Results of this study revealed approximately 50% reductions in drop-out rates and significant positive effects on school performance and attendance patterns. The second study reports on an extension of STEP to junior high schools and middle grade students. Consistent with earlier studies, during the transition year, students in STEP schools reported more positive experiences in school environment dimensions that STEP sought to impact, and better adjustment outcomes than non-STEP students across academic, socio-emotional, and behavioral domains.     

Evaluation of a Program Designed to Reduce Relational Aggression in Middle School Girls

Abstract

Physical and verbal aggression is an increasing problem inboth middle and high schools across the United States. While physical forms of aggression are targeted in traditional “bullying” programs, relational aggression (RA), or the use of relationships to hurt another, is often not detected or addressed. For girls in the stage of identity formation, RA can impact negatively on self-concept, peer relationships, school performance, and mental and physical health. An innovative program designed specifically to help middle school girls confront and cope with issues related to RA was developed, implemented, and evaluated in two school systems. Attitudes and self-reported behaviors were measured before and after the program. Results show an improvement in relationship skills after participation in the program. Most noticeable improvements were in a girl's stated willingness to become involved when witnessing another girl being hurt and girls benefiting from the mentoring they received from high school juniors and seniors.     

Authoritative school climate and suspension rates in middle schools: Implications for reducing the racial disparity in school discipline

The overuse of school suspensions has been linked to a host of negative outcomes, including racial disparities in discipline. School climate initiatives have shown promise in reducing these disparities. The present study used the Authoritative School Climate Survey—which measures disciplinary structure and student support as key measures of school climate—to investigate an association between teacher and student perceptions of school climate and suspension rates in a statewide sample of middle schools. Regression analyses controlling for school-level poverty and school size found that elements of authoritative climate, particularly structure, distinguish high- and low-suspending schools. Schools with high levels of student- and teacher-reported structure had lower overall suspension rates and a lower gap between Black and White suspension rates. These findings can be used to guide school climate initiatives to reduce racial disparities in school discipline.     

关于预防在校学生涉黑问题的思考

在校学生涉黑的主体包括在校大学生、中学生甚至小学生,他们加入涉黑组织的形式包括被引诱加入、被强迫加入和由违法犯罪团伙转化来的自行建立的涉黑组织。影响在校学生涉黑的相关因素主要有校园及校园周边的治安环境、学校与家庭教育的缺陷,还有在校学生的心理个性特点。预防在校生涉黑,需要加强对校园及其周边治安环境的整治、修正和完善学校的教育方针、加强对在校学生心理辅导与人格的塑造。     

The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and School Avoidance: An Examination of Direct Associations,Protective Influences,and Aggravating Factors

This study examines the impact of bullying victimization on school avoidance by proposing the following hypotheses: (1) Net of other factors, students who have experienced bullying victimization are more likely to engage in school avoidance behaviors; (2) There are protective factors that will decrease this relationship between bullying victimization and avoidance behaviors; and (3) There are aggravating factors that will increase this relationship between bullying victimization and avoidance behaviors. Binary logistic regression models are estimated, using data from the 2011 National Crime Victimization Survey: School Crime Supplement, with a nationally representative sample of 6,547 middle and high school students. Findings provide strong support for the effect of bullying victimization on school avoidance, such that students who have experienced bullying are more likely to avoid places in school. Additionally, results suggest that participation in school activities and fear can influence the relationship between bullying victimization and school avoidance.     

浅谈大学新生英语教学的过渡与转换

大学新生在大学英语学习中存在着一定的障碍 ,往往有越学英语水平越差的感觉。本文通过分析大学英语和中学英语在教学目的和教学方法上的差异 ,探索帮助新生由中学英语学习方法向大学英语学习方法转变的途径 ,使学生的英语学习有质的飞跃。     

The Effect of Peer Victimization on Learning

Abstract

Incidents of school violence have prompted calls for school communities to create environments that encourage student by-standers to act responsibly and proactively when they confront a range of violent incidents, from bullying and fights to weapon carrying and other serious threats to school safety. It is not always clear, however, what bystanders would—or should—do when faced with violent or potentially violent situations. This article describes findings from focus groups conducted with 54 middle school students and 97 staff in an urban, predominantly African American school district with relatively high levels of community violence. Discussions addressed bystander norms, attitudes, and behaviors, and identified barriers that prevent youth as well as adult bystanders from taking positive action. Findings inform violence prevention strategies for building consensus and supporting positive bystander responses.     

Sexual Harassment and Bullying Behaviors in Sixth-Graders

ABSTRACT

Sexual harassment is widely viewed as a form of bullying, but has received little attention in studies of middle school students. A survey of 109 6th grade students found that 29% of students reported at least one sexual harassment experience in the past 30 days, with 11% reporting harassment once per week or more. Although boys and girls reported similar rates of harassment, there were important gender differences-boys were more likely than girls to try to ignore sexual harassment, but girls were more likely to tell someone about their experience and to tell the perpetrator to stop. There was high concordance between sexual harassment and bullying for both boys and girls. These findings indicate the need to recognize the role of sexual harassment in bullying in middle school.     

Ten Years of Burning the Midnight Oil

THE year 1992 is of greatsignificance to my familyand me as it was then thatmy sister and I entered theonly key middle school in ourcounty.The chance of a bright futurehelped us to endure great hardshipand pressure.     

基于中学英语课堂互动教学的教学评价研究

新的课程标准明确提出了对传统的教学评价模式进行变革。加强中学英语课堂互动教学改革是一个庞大的系统工程,受到了来自教学改革试验方方面面因素的制约。其中,如何进行科学合理的教学评价已成为至关重要的因素之一。     

Safety Matters

Abstract

As a result of Columbine and other events, states and districts across the United States have responded with vigor to a call for a renewed focus on school safety. This paper examined one such effort undertaken by Harrison County Public Schools, located in West Virginia. The district received federal funding for surveillance equipment used to enhance safety efforts at middle and high schools, as well as to coordinate a collaborative relationship with local emergency responders. This paper used qualitative and quantitative measures to examine the impact of this project on teachers and administrators in the district. Results indicated that a substantive focus on school safetyincluding surveillance equipment significantly impacted perceptions of safety. However, administrators should consider the impact of school culture when implementing these new changes.     

Getting Started On Campus

正‘I started participating in the Model United Nations(MUN) activities when I was in middle school. In high school, I competed in the Beijing MUN, the premier national MUN gathering in China organized by China Foreign Affairs University(CFAU). That sowed the seed of my dream to study at the university and take part in the organization of this event," Lu Zhiyuan told Beijing Review. Today, he is a senior student at his dream college and serves as president of the CFAU Model United Nations Association. In doing so, he has realized that teenage dream.     

Same- and Cross-Gender Sexual Harassment Victimization in Middle School: A Developmental-Contextual Perspective

Using a developmental-contextual framework, the present study investigated risk factors for same- and cross-gender sexual harassment victimization in 986 middle school students. Participants completed questionnaires in the fall and spring of the same school year so risk factors could be explored longitudinally. Results revealed that gender differences existed for same- and cross-gender forms of harassment. While girls reported more instances of receiving same- and cross-gender unwanted sexual attention, boys were more likely to report being victims of same-gender gender harassment. Important differences in risk factors also existed. Being bullied in the fall and feeling disconnected from school were risk factors for same-gender victimization but not for cross-gender victimization. Romantic relationship status, which was a significant risk factor for both same- and cross-gender victimization, was qualified by significant gender interactions. Results are explained through a developmental-contextual lens and implications for intervention are discussed.