论中古志怪作品在民间故事类型学中的价值－－以《搜神记》为中心

中古志怪作在“征实”这一早期小说观念的影响下，忠实地记载了很多的民间故事。从民间故事类型学的角度看，它们往往是在世界范围内流播的民间故事的中国版本。如《搜神记》中的“毛衣女”、“谈生”、“李寄斩蛇”、“费孝先”等故事，便分别属于“天鹅处女”、“梅露辛尼”、“龙穴脱险”、“聪明的劝告”等故事类型；另外，《搜神记》和其他中古志怪作品还提供了诸如”动物报恩“、”陷城为湖“等故事类型的许多异，而且这些本纪录时间极早，超过了西方搜集能够搜集到的所鹅非汉语本。据此，应对中古志怪中的某些体性质重新定位，将其视之为“传说”与“故事”，而非通常所认为的“小说”。     

简评两部古代小说史

近年来,北京大学中文系的《中国小说史》和南开大学的《中国小说史简编》相继出版。这是粉碎“四人帮”以后中国古典小说研究领域的一项新成果。中国的小说,历史悠久,源远流长。如果从汉魏六朝“志怪”、“志人”小说算起,至今已有二千多年的历史了。但是,由于封建统治阶级的蔑视,古代小说的研究工作显得特别薄弱。乃至直到本世纪之初,依然是“中国小说自来无史”。解放以后,北京大学中文系五五级的同志,沿着鲁迅所开辟的路子,编著了《中国小说史稿》,大体勾勒了中国小说发展的     

古小说《异苑》校理献疑

:《异苑》是南朝刘宋时期著名的志怪小说 ,含有不少口语成分 ,语言颇具时代特色 ,是中古汉语研究的重要文献。此书传本讹误甚多 ,由于文字理解的某些偏差 ,现有的校理成果尚未能尽如人意。本文着重从历史语言学的角度 ,探讨其中的疑误之处     

金玉奴糟糠之妻不下堂

《金玉奴》是荀派京剧名剧，其他剧种也有此剧目。剧名还有《鸿鸾禧》、《豆汁记》、《棒打薄情郎》等。这个故事来源于明代作家冯梦龙编撰的短篇小说集《喻世明言》（《古今小说》）第二十七卷“金玉奴棒打薄情郎”。     

浅析志书作品的著作权──从一起志书作品著作权侵权纠纷案谈起

[案情]张某于1983年6月至1985年10月借调在L县县志办工作,在此期间收集整理了《王干的故事》等民间广为流传的民俗、风情、传说、歌谣等,为《L县志》人口志、社会志撰写了初稿、编辑了《L县地名志》一书。1991年,L县志编委会(以下简称编委会)负责人口头委托张某提供方言志稿件,张提供了其1989年获S省社会科学院语言研究所“六五”国家重点项目《S省各县市方言志》优秀成果奖的《L县方言志》4万余字的原稿。1993年《L县志》出版,共采用张提供的人口志、社会志、地名志原稿和《王干的故事》4万余字,《L县方言志》3万字。《L县志》在目录前…     

艾芜南行作品的艺术魅力

我最早读艾芜写南行的小说,是在一九六二年,标有“南行记续篇之一”的《玛米》,《野牛寨》等作品。在听惯了民歌运动和“文艺卫星”的高调之后,在重提“千万不要忘记”的指导性口号,文艺作品从内容到形式越来越概念化、雷同化的情况下,读这些作品确有别具一格的新鲜感。这之后,在赞叹中我贪婪、兴奋地读着《南行记》及陆续发表的“续篇”。     

《活地狱》与晚清州县司法研究

<正> 《活地狱》作者李宝嘉(1867—1906),字伯元,别号南亭亭长;祖籍江苏武进(现属江苏省常州市),是晚清著名小说家。其主要作品除《活地狱》外,还有《文明小史》、《官场现形记》、《中国现在记》、《海天鸿雪记》、《庚子国变弹词》等;其中《官场现形记》作为晚清著名“四大谴责小说”之一,在我国可谓家喻户晓,影响很大。但是,对于《活地狱》,一般读者知之甚少。     

咎由自取——对女作家唐敏诽谤案的几点分析

1986年2月,福建省女作家唐敏在《青春》文学月刊1986年第二期上发表了中篇纪实小说《太姥山妖氛》。小说以荒诞的手法,描写了太姥山下磻溪大队民兵营长王练忠,在“文革”期间,依仗其担任磻溪公社党委副记书,武装部长的妻舅的权势,混进党内,积极推行极左路线,横行乡里,鱼肉百姓,死后“佛显神威”,被轮回为牛的故事,以及由此而引起的一系列的人和事。     

以笔为刀——读医疗反腐小说《手术刀》

如果单纯从一部小说的主题类型看，刘明银先生的长篇小说《手术刀》毫无疑问属于“反腐小说”。但它之所以引起我的兴趣，却不仅仅因为它是一部通常意义上的反腐小说。它在处理一个关于医疗腐败的故事的时候，保有了一个知识分子、一个新闻记者和一个作家的勇气与精神良知。     

警惕内贪外廉者

明朝的《笑史》上记有这样一个故事:宋朝神泉县张县令为显示其“廉政”,贴出了一张告示:某月某日是我的生日,各级各类人等,都不要送贺礼,望互相转告,众皆知悉。众人领悟其意,备好了礼品。生日那天,全县的官员士绅纷纷赶到他的府第,送去数不清的绫罗绸缎、金银财宝,张县令都一一笑纳了。     

Health news and the American public, 1996-2002

The Kaiser Family Foundation/Harvard School of Public Health Health News Index, a series of 39 surveys with a total of over 42,000 respondents from 1996 through 2002, measures how closely Americans follow major health stories in the news and what they understand about the issues covered in those stories. On average, four in ten adults reported following health news stories closely. The public reports paying the most attention to stories about public health, followed by health policy and disease-related stories. While knowledge about health news varies, individuals who follow health news stories closely are significantly more likely to give the correct answer to knowledge questions about those stories.     

文史并举:中国古代鬼故事的传播初探——以古代文人创作与传播为例

中国古代鬼故事历史悠久,内容丰富,其传播经历了文史结合以及文史分离的过程,其传播特点是传播者以史官、文学家居多。在宋代以前,这些鬼故事直接显示当时的现实;宋代及以后,知识分子的理性思想成长较快,开始借鬼故事来折射社会生活,批判现实,本质上反映了当时人们对现实的不满,显现了古代中国人的精神生活和文学创造力。     

譬论:先秦诸子言说方式的转变——以《韩非子·内外储说》之异闻为例

先秦诸子言说方式,至战国中期而一变:从早期至理、名言之语录,一变为充满譬喻故事之论辩.<韩非子>之<说林>、<内外储说>的产生,不过是这种演变的极至化结果;中国早期小说之"譬论"的重要文体特征,正是在先秦子书这种演进过程中生成的.<内外储说>"一曰"所记载的异闻传说,都是与其相对应的经文、说的正文故事同时写作而成的,并非是后人添加进去的;"一曰"之异闻作为"未完之稿"而产生、存在的意义,不仅体现了韩非对于譬喻故事的特殊兴趣,体现出传说故事的丰富性、口传性,而且还透露出"譬论"文体(早期小说)诞生的重要根源.     

"Keepin' my mind right": identity maintenance and religious social support in the prison context

It is not uncommon for inmates to experience religious conversions in prison. These conversions allow inmates to portray themselves in a prosocial light and help them to establish a sense of control in their current lives, regardless of their past. Despite the value of these conversions, maintaining a new outlook of one's self is remarkably difficult. Using semistructured interviews with 63 inmates who had undergone a religious conversion, the authors examine the process that they engaged in to keep these new senses of self. The narratives suggest that they relied on various social support mechanisms to keep themselves focused and inspired. Specifically, they stressed the importance of connecting with positive others in formal and informal settings, sharing their stories with those in need, and reflecting on their daily choices. It is through these strategies that inmates keep the inspiration and focus to "keep their minds right."     

'My tongue is mine ain': Copyright, the Spoken Word and Privacy

This article shows how under the present legislation in the United Kingdom copyright may exist in speech, in particular in interviews and conversations, provided that the words are recorded and constitute an original work. The argument is illustrated and supported by reference to reported cases from throughout the common law world, as well as to news stories and interviews with individuals ranging from Lord Denning to Michael Jackson. Issues arising from the collection of oral history are also discussed. It is further argued that, in addition to the internal analysis of copyright itself, such protection for the spoken word can be justified by the privacy and personality interests of speakers in the use of what they say.     

中国特色社会主义法律体系建成后“立法中心主义”的转向

经过30年的努力,中国法制建设取得了显著的成绩,中国特色社会主义法律体系建成。如何在中国特色的法律体系基础上建设中国特色的法治体系是摆在我们面前的一个重大课题。通过对过去30年的中国立法的回顾与反思,可以看出,在今后,相对于集中立法与频繁修改而言,更重要的是通过一系列制度性安排和创造一种可能的社会环境,使业已载入宪法和法律的那些基本价值、原则逐步得到实现。     

Co-constituting narrative: the role of researcher identity bids in qualitative interviews with women ex-offenders

Narrative criminology draws upon the stories of the research participants to better understand crime. These narratives are shaped not only by a range of structural, institutional and individual factors, but by dynamics within the interview itself. As both participant and interviewer deploy narrative techniques, they co-constitute identity meanings during the interview process. This study examines interviews with 30 women recently released from incarceration to identify ways that the researcher constructed and “bid” for identity meanings through narrative during the interview process. Specifically analyzed are the researcher’s “small stories” put forth in response to participants during the interview exchange. Ultimately, the co-constitutive nature of interview dynamics suggest that the researcher’s identity bids via small stories have implications for how participants assert their own identity meanings, account for their experiences, and ultimately orient or conceptualize their futures.     

论谭恩美小说中的母亲形象及母女关系的文化内涵

美国华裔作家谭恩美在小说中选择中国母亲和女儿的故事作为创作题材并成功地塑了中国母亲形象,在很大程度上是她作为华裔作家的中国情结和中国化意识使然。在其小说中,母亲是中国化传统的载体,是历史与记忆的中介,是连接过去与现在的桥梁。中国化传统通过母亲得以延伸,历史和记忆通过母亲得以重建。谭恩美的小说之所以在主题和艺术上具有特的魅力,一个重要的原因就在于其小说中母亲形象的感染力以及母女关系所折射出的深邃的化内涵。     

图片再认ERP在重型颅脑损伤后记忆障碍鉴定的应用

目的探讨图片再认事件相关电位（ERP）对重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）后记忆障碍法医学鉴定的应用价值。方法采用韦氏记忆量表（WMS—RC）和Neuroscan ERP仪,对74例健康志愿者（对照组）及需评定精神伤残等级的29例重型颅脑损伤后记忆障碍者（sTBI组）进行记忆能力和图片再认ERP检测。结果sTBI组WMS-RC各分测验量表分及记忆商数（MQ）均值均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）;完成ERP任务的反应时、正确率明显延长和降低（P〈0．01）。对照组在靶与非靶刺激呈现后170ms和500ms左右均可记录到潜伏期无显著性差异的二个正向波（P170和P500）,但靶刺激诱发的P500波幅明显高于非靶刺激（P〈0．01）;sTBI组可记录到相似的ERP波形,但各成分的波幅、潜伏期均明显降低和延长（P〈0．01）。sTBI组P500潜伏期与WMS—RC的记图、再认、再生分测验量表分和MQ值均呈高度负相关（r=-0．73～-0．83,P〈0．01）,而与伤残等级呈明显正相关（r=0．65,P〈0．01）。结论图片再认诱发的Psoo潜伏期与WMS-RC反映的短时记忆功能及鉴定的精神伤残等级明显相关,可为sTBI后记忆障碍的伤残鉴定提供一项较客观的神经电生理依据。     

The Human Side of COVID‐19

The COVID‐19 pandemic has had, and continues to have, a broad, deep, and pervasive impact on our lives, our work, and how our justice system functions. While it is easy to contemplate the “system” as a massive behemoth that is impervious, impersonal, and impenetrable, the truth is that the “system” is made up of people. The men and women whose work is the building blocks of the justice system are individuals, each with their own narrative, experience, perspective, and role in the administration of justice. To understand the system and the impact of COVID‐19, it is essential to understand the stories of those who work in the system. This article presents the individual and human stories of four professionals whose professional lives are a part of the justice system. Each of these professionals tells their personal story of COVID‐19 and reflects on how the pandemic affected them and their approach to the work that they do.