略论鲁迅开拓的现实主义传统

五四新文化运动是中国近代史上一次波澜壮阔的思想革命和文学革命,它揭开了中国无产阶级领导的新民主主义革命的历史新纪元,也是中国现代文学的开端。在这场新文化运动中,伟大的文学革命的旗手鲁迅,自觉地遵奉“革命前驱者的命令”,站在革命民主主义的立场上,以深沉的爱国热情,观察中国的命运,用文艺作为武器,真实地反映了半封建半殖民地社会的历史面貌,紧密地为无产阶级的彻底反帝反封建的革命任务服务,开拓了五四以     

“五四”现实主义文学与人道主义

人道主义是近代欧洲的一种重要的社会思潮,在人类社会发展的历史进程中起过进步作用。人道主义作为批判现实主义文学的思想基础,在确立世界进步文学的现实主义传统方面,有着不可抹煞的历史功绩。二十世纪初期,在神州大陆掀起的一场“五四”思想革命和文学革命的狂飚中,人道主义和批判现实主义文学一起被引     

艺术的利器——关于杂文性质、特点和功能的思考

“五四”以来,随着“文学革命”和“思想革命”的展开,杂文创作以崛起之势空前活跃,特别是由于鲁迅先生独创性的开拓和积极倡导,成为独树一枝的艺苑奇葩。瞿秋白曾预言:“杂感(指杂文——笔者注)这种文体,将要因为鲁迅而变成文艺性论文的代名词”。唐弢等进一步指出:由于鲁迅的独创性贡献,杂文已冲破传统的文学分类(指“五四”以     

法律制度的和谐是社会和谐的前提

随着社会变迁、时代发展,中国已从一个“熟人社会”过渡到一个“陌生人社会”,社会的多元化趋势越来越明显,人与人之间也变得不同。我们要维护这种“和而不同”,保障社会结     

新文学的诞生与“革命”话语——中国新文学发生期的一种政治文化的阐释

本文从政治文化的视角 ,重新审视了 2 0世纪 2 0年代新文学发生期的文学革命 ,认为她由历史深层的思想启蒙、语言体式的变更、人的文学的确立 ,构成了一条内在整合的政治文化理路。五四文学革命充分揭示了个体文学家的创作心理与群体社会政治文化行为的一致性 ,同时 ,又反映出文学作为文化的载体 ,二者构成一种复杂的互动过程。     

“被XX”的法学思考

中国社会开始进入“被”＂时代，其实质是人权保护的缺失。结束“被”时代需要从立法、司法和尊重私利三个层面来努力。     

新诗的昨天、今天与明天

中国现代的新诗是在“五四”前夕“文学革命”的斗争中诞生的,也是在其后一系列的文艺思想论争中发展的。而所谓斗争与论争的焦点,主要是新诗的发展应该遵循什么传统、采取什么形式的问题。从现代到当代,新诗实际有两个传统:一是民族传统,即所谓继承;一是外来传统,即     

新文学的诞生与“革命”话语－－中国新文学发生期的一种政治文化的阐释

本文从政治文化的视角，重新审视了20世纪20年代新文学发生期的文学革命，认为她由历史深层的思想启蒙、语言体式的变更、人的文学的确立，构成了一条内在整合的政治文化理路。五四文学革命充分揭示了个体文学家的创作心理与群体社会政治文化行为的一致性。同时，又反映出文学作为文化的载体，二者构成一种复杂的互动过程。     

经济全球化与国际法中“社会立法”的勃兴

近代,国际法从“战争”的国际法发端。到了现代,和平与发展成为人类的共同主题;相应地,“经济”的国际法部分开始勃兴。进入20世纪90年代之后,在经济全球化的影响下,全球社会矛盾日益显现,国际法中的“社会立法”方兴未艾,出现了国际法“社会化”的倾向,人类似乎又迎来了社会领域国际法繁荣的时代。     

论环境描写的艺术经验

人,不可能脱离一定的时代、社会而单独存在。塑造人物形象,反映人的生活,就必须进行这种体现大背景的环境描写。九十年前,恩格斯指出,《城市姑娘》因为环境描写没有能够正确地表现时代社会的本质特征,“不是那样典型”,因而未能“真实地再现典型环境中的典型人物”,致使这篇小说不能归为“充分的现实主义作品。”由此可见,环境描写对展示时代     

孔子“义利”观与现代法治和谐理念

孔子思想是第一次文化轴心时代人类思想的伟大创造,儒家社会理想的本原是“和谐”。孔子纳“仁”入“礼”,希望通过体现以民为本的社会正义观的“礼法”体系去整合社会,最终实现社会和谐的目标。在孔子的利、义观中,个人之“利”与个人之“义”并不相互冲突。孔子的“义利”观体现了法律的利益调控功能与正义价值的和谐统一,与和谐社会的法治理念有契合性。孔子思想中所体现的“利”与“义”的和谐统一观,对今天以社会和谐为目标的法治建设具有重要的启示作用。     

“To establish a community of property”: Marriage and race before and during the Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was the greatest social upheaval in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions. The paper presents results from the first systematic study of marriage during this event, which included slave rebellion (1791), general emancipation (1793) and political independence from France (1803). The article focuses on a single colonial parish, leveraging a sample of roughly 1000 contracts by comparing them with similar documents from same region in the 1760s and 1780s. Ironically, amid a revolution that was ostensibly eliminating slavery and racism, the interracial marriages that had once been common in this parish virtually disappeared. The wealthy “mulatto” families who had been free long before 1791 intensified their pre-Revolutionary pattern of endogamy and cousin-marriage. In the meantime, French male immigrants of the sort who, before the Revolution, had allied with these established clans, now shunned these marriages.     

“To establish a community of property”: Marriage and race before and during the Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) was the greatest social upheaval in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions. The paper presents results from the first systematic study of marriage during this event, which included slave rebellion (1791), general emancipation (1793) and political independence from France (1803). The article focuses on a single colonial parish, leveraging a sample of roughly 1000 contracts by comparing them with similar documents from same region in the 1760s and 1780s. Ironically, amid a revolution that was ostensibly eliminating slavery and racism, the interracial marriages that had once been common in this parish virtually disappeared. The wealthy “mulatto” families who had been free long before 1791 intensified their pre-Revolutionary pattern of endogamy and cousin-marriage. In the meantime, French male immigrants of the sort who, before the Revolution, had allied with these established clans, now shunned these marriages.     

中立与合意——两大法系鉴定证据制度的融合

鉴定证据制度是人类社会发展进步的必然产物 ,是证明方法理性和文明的标志。两大法系的鉴定证据制度围绕公正和效率的主题互相借鉴和学习过程中 ,表现出鉴定启动从“随意”到“令状”、主体选择的“合意”先于“指定”、主体地位从“依附”到“独立”、双方认同的“合意”优于“程序”的趋势。我国目前鉴定证据制度中存在鉴定启动的随意性、鉴定主体地位缺乏应有的中立、双方当事人的举证权利未受到平等对待等一系列问题 ,为实现司法公正与效率的价值目标 ,“中立与合意”是我国鉴定证据制度改革过程中的必然选择     

The Evolution of the CPC’s Conception of Association and Regulation of Social Organizations in China

Freedom of association and all institutions coming with it have not been accepted by the Chinese government. Instead, Chinese social organization administration is based upon the concept of association held by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Chinese government had adopted a “total control” model of social organization administration in the era of totalitarianism before the “Opening-up and Reform”, leaving almost no room for social organizations to survive, because the CPC had regarded social organizations as “revolutionary” and “deconstructive”. The Chinese has adopted a graduated control system to administrate social organizations in the era of authoritarianism after the “Opening-up and Reform”, treating social organizations differently according to their threats to the ruling order and their utilities for economic development, because the CPC has viewed social organizations as a “challenging” but “auxiliary” power. The on-going “innovation of registration and administration of social organizations” is not a return to international standard regarding social organization administration in China, but only partial reform of the graduate control system still based upon the CPC’s conception of association as “challenging” but “auxiliary”. Social organizations capable of providing public goods in areas of economic development and social services are given more favorable treatment by the government while political and religious organizations are still tightly controlled by the government.     

自侦案件“以事立案”模式论析

检察机关在自侦案件中应当摒弃“以人立案”的做法,并采取“以事立案”的模式,才能符合职务犯罪发案的客观规律,避免初查和侦查工作在衔接关系上的错位,并对自侦工作产生积极的促进效果和作用。要实现从“以人立案”到“以事立案”模式的转变,需要正确处理好立案与破案、立案与撤案和撤案与错案的关系。     

20世纪中国文学的现代性阐释与文化政治问题

在对 2 0世纪中国文学不同的阐释模式之中 ,“现代性”的模式实际上具有独特的阐释力量 :一方面 ,它能够穿透曾经被既有的现代性阐释置于盲区的“革命文学”以至于后来的“文革文学”;另一方面 ,其对学术视野的开拓亦有着相当重要的学术价值。 2 0世纪中国文学现代性追求的基本主题是从“文化大革命”及其以前的“解放政治”而到“改革时代”的“生活政治”。 90年代中国文学的现代性问题主要包括 90年代中国文学的历史语境与文学领域的制度安排、文学工作者的身份认同与话语政治以及文本策略与文本政治等等     

宋格初探

宋初,编敕为最主要、最经常的立法形式,格的地位及作用明显衰微。神宗元丰以后,对格的编订又明显增加,其编纂体例等也有变化。这一变化的原因,是神宗对编敕、令、格、式的性质作重新界定,使格的性质发生显著变化:格完全行政法化,成为令的实施细则。格的性质的变化,其内在原因是编敕的刑法化。由于宋格成为令的实施细则,原为令的实施细则及公文程式的式则成为纯粹的公文程式。由于编敕、格性质及立法功能的变化,使得宋朝的立法模式也发生变化,即由宋初主要通过编敕进行立法的模式,变成对敕、令、格、式统一编订的立法模式。     

Social support as an organizing concept for criminology: Presidential address to the academy of criminal justice sciences

Although “social support” is present as a theme in many criminological writings, it has not been identified explicitly as a concept capable of organizing theory and research in criminology. Drawing on existing criminological and related writings, this address derives a series of propositions that form the foundation, in a preliminary way, for the “social support paradigm” of the study of crime and control. The overriding contention is that whether social support is delivered through government social programs, communities, social networks, families, interpersonal relations, or agents of the criminal justice system, it reduces criminal involvement. Further, I contend that insofar as the social support paradigm proves to be “Good Criminology”—establishing that nonsupportive policies and conditions are criminogenic—it can provide grounds for creating a more supportive, “Good Society.”     

司法决策中的“父爱主义”管制逻辑

在包括赵春华案在内的诸多引发舆论关注的争议案件中,法官或许并非不是不懂得如何利用社科法学的判断能力与法教义学的裁判技术去弥合司法标准与公众认知之间的巨大断裂,而更可能是基于其“父爱”式的社会“管制”取向而对司法后果的实质合理性问题做出了“爱之深,责之切”的价值决断。在中国特色社会主义法律体系已经形成的历史背景下,为了保证良法的颁行能够导向预期的善治,法律必须以其作为“社会交往机制”的系统潜力而彰显其公理性与司法的合理性。只有首先确立基于交往原则和承认社会自主性的权力逻辑与法律决策结构,那种体现“人性化”“人文化”和“人权化”的方法论逻辑才有可能在法律的运作中获得国家体制官僚无法武断拒斥的实效。