一阶导数光谱法测定生物组织中士的宁的含量

士的宁（Strychnine）与马钱子（Brucine）共存于植物番木鳖种子中．剧毒，其中士的宁毒性约是马钱子碱毒性的8～3O倍，口服番木鳖死亡案件近年屡有发生［1.2］。检验急性中毒死亡者，其体内上的宁含量通常用UV、HPLC、GC法测定「3］本文用一阶导数光谱法对中毒机体内血、肝、肾、尿及胃内容物等进行含量测定。该法可简化提取分离手续，消除油脂等背景干扰，根据需要可选择不同峰、谷极值做定量测定，以提高准确性和灵敏度，同时较普通光谱吸收波长有较宽的线性范围，为测定含量提供了可行的方法。实验部分一、主要仪器与试剂UVIK（）…     

合成食用色素导数光谱检验方法的研究

本文采用一阶、二阶导数光谱法对食用色素中亮蓝、胭脂红、苋菜红、日落黄、柠檬黄进行了分析,发现在醋酸盐缓冲溶液中合成食用色素有着独特的峰谷极值,可明显地区分色素的种类,并可用于含量测定。该法简便、快速,对现场遗留食品污染的微量物证及药物中毒体内色素的检验和鉴定提供了可靠的科学依据。     

打印文件油墨的可见及导数光谱法检验

本文对打印文件的油墨进行了字迹扩散法和光谱检验的研究。结果扩散法能区分色带的类别,可见光谱法能粗分色带的牌号,一阶导数光谱法能细分色带的牌号。本方法具有灵敏度高、干扰小、实用性强的特点。     

欧盟对入境货物木质包装作出新规定

欧盟对入境货物木质包装的新规定(2004／102/EG)于2005年3月1日生效，所有从欧盟外第三国(不包括瑞士)入境货物的木质包装必须按国际植物保护公约组织(IPPC)公布的《国际贸易中的木包装材料管理标准》进行除害处理，并加施IPPC规定的专用标识，新规定适用于所有用于承载、包装、支撑货物的阔叶和针叶原木．不包括胶合板和木屑压缩板。     

二维红外光谱用于急性心肌缺血猝死的鉴别研究

目的采用衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术检测急性心肌缺血猝死大鼠的血清分子特征,探讨二维红外光谱鉴别急性心肌缺血猝死的法医学价值。方法成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为急性心肌缺血猝死组(实验组)和空气栓塞死组(对照组),血清样本行ATR-FTIR检测,应用OMNIC软件进行光谱预处理并求二阶导数光谱,分别计算两组原始光谱及二阶导数光谱的相似度,并应用Matlab R2010a软件建立二维光谱模型。结果实验组与对照组的大鼠血清的原始红外光谱在峰形、峰位、峰强度均极其相似,相似度达99.78%,二阶导数光谱显示出两者相似度降至98.62%,二维光谱模型显示两组光谱在1 625cm~(-1)、1 550cm~(-1)、1 080cm~(-1)及860cm~(-1)附近的成分差异,且它们的自动峰个数不相同,提示两组在蛋白质、糖原、核酸等分子含量存在较明显差异。结论仅从一维光谱上难以区分出两组的分子差异,二维红外光谱可以直观、有效地反映出急性心肌缺血猝死与空气栓塞死的大鼠血清分子差异,有望应用于法医学死因鉴别。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱术用于急性及陈旧性心肌梗死的法医病理学诊断

目的 利用傅里叶变换红外光谱术(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)对不同病理变化阶段的心肌梗死组织进行光谱分析,以实现对急性和陈旧性心肌梗死的法医病理学诊断。方法 以苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色和免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)染色结果 为参考依据,采集冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病猝死组左心室前壁的早期缺血心肌、坏死心肌、心肌纤维化组织以及正常对照组心肌的FTIR数据,使用多元统计分析方法 进行数据分析。结果 对照心肌、早期缺血心肌和坏死心肌的平均归一化光谱较为相似,但平均二阶导数光谱存在较大差异,早期缺血心肌中各蛋白质二级结构的峰强度均明显高于其他类型心肌,坏死心肌α-螺旋的峰强度最低。心肌纤维化组织平均归一化光谱的酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅱ峰位明显向高波数方向移动,酰胺Ⅱ和酰胺Ⅲ的峰强度高于其他各类型心肌,平均二阶导数光谱在1 338、1 284、1 238和1 204 cm^-1处峰强度明显增强。主成分分析(principal component analy...     

一阶导数光谱法直接测定血中一氧化碳成分的研究

本文采用一阶导数光谱法直接测定血中一氧化碳含量,线性范围10％～90％。该法无须添加还原剂,操作简便、快速,且稳定性好,不仅适于一氧化碳中毒死亡尸体的检验,而且适于一氧化碳中毒较轻患者的检验。     

利用FT-IR检验纸张初探

目的初步探讨利用傅立叶红外光谱仪对纸张检验的鉴别力。方法利用傅立叶红外光谱仪对不同种类纸张、同一厂家不同批次的纸张进行检验。结果通过比较红外光谱图中出现的特征峰差异,确定纸张的差异。结论用该方法可以对不同种类纸张、同一厂家不同批次的纸张进行区分,同时可以分析纸张中有机物的特征基团。     

一氧化碳中毒血分光光度定量分析法比较

目的比较7种一氧化碳中毒血样分光光度含量测定方法的特点及适用性。方法用空白血添加一氧化碳配制不同浓度的样品,采用双波长法、还原法（3种）、切线法和导数光谱法（2种）进行检测,对各种方法线性范围、重现性和操作中注意事项等内容进行考察,并用实际案件检材验证和比较。结果还原法一在30%~70%、还原法三在20%~100%,其他方法在20%~70%范围内,线性关系良好;样本浓度超过或低于50%,采用切线法有一定误差;导数法及还原法三因需要制备CO饱和样本,操作略微繁琐,但导数光谱法计算结果准确性好。结论几种方法均可用于一氧化碳中毒血的检测,实验结果可为方法的实际应用提供借鉴和帮助。     

傅立叶变换红外光谱法检验口红的研究

目的建立一种灵敏、准确、无损的口红检验方法。方法利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪,采用SmartPerformer采样器,对202个不同产地、不同品牌和同一品牌不同牌号的口红样品进行分析检验。结果依据红外光谱图中吸收峰的不同,可以将口红样品加以区分。结论该检验方法不破坏检材,重现性好,可用于鉴定案件现场中提取到的口红物证。     

红外差谱技术用于微量混合油漆的比对检验

对交通事故中的漆片检材进行同一物质比对时,某些情况下难以提取到单一的油漆碎片而是两辆车的油漆混合在一起,给物证比对带来困难。红外差谱技术具有辨别混合物中不同成分的功能,因此可应用于交通事故中混合油漆检材的比对检验。本文对一起交通事故的漆片检材,分别用三种方式提取、制样,用红外光谱仪进行分析,借助红外差谱技术对谱图进行处理,排除混合油漆的干扰。处理后得到的谱图与样本的谱图进行比对,结果显示两者主要官能团吸收峰位置、峰型、峰强度基本一致,可出具比对一致的结论。针对混合油漆检材的比对检验,红外差谱技术可提供支持。     

拉曼光谱法鉴别常见毒品

目的建立一种识别毒品与其它常见白色物质的方法。方法使用激光显微拉曼光谱法对7种毒品和5种白色粉末进行了分析。结果7种常见毒品均有丰富的拉曼位移峰,可以通过其位移峰峰位的不同区分不同成分的毒品。另外,通过拉曼位移峰的峰位,还可以将7种常见毒品与5种常见白色粉末区分开来。结论拉曼光谱法适用于快速准确地识别毒品。     

拉曼光谱法鉴别常见炸药

目的建立一种识别炸药的方法。方法使用激光显微拉曼光谱法对17种常见炸药粉末进行了分析。结果17种常见炸药均有丰富的拉曼位移峰,可以通过其位移峰峰位的不同区分不同成分的炸药。结论拉曼光谱法适用于快速准确地识别炸药。     

紫外导数光谱法与吸收光谱法的比较

作者通过导数光谱法与吸收光谱法的对比实验,归纳出导数光谱法不但具有吸收光谱法的一般优点,还具有以下特点;(1)高分辨率和灵敏度;(2)定性准确;(3)能精确测定λmax和“肩”峰的波长;(4)能消除背景干扰;(5)能分析混和样品。     

The Evidentiary Significance of Automotive Paint from the Northeast: A Study of Red Paint

This population study was conducted to assess the frequency of physical, microscopical, and chemical properties of automotive paint chips. Population studies of trace evidence provide valuable analytical data for criminalists to assess evidentiary significance. Two‐hundred automotive paint chips were collected from auto body shops from the Northeastern United States. All samples were analyzed using stereomicroscopy, brightfield, and polarized light microscopy. Red paints were targeted for further analysis using a sequence of modern instrumental techniques commonly used by forensic paint examiners: Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), Raman, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) microspectroscopy. The discrimination potential of each analytical method was evaluated by inter‐comparing the paint samples. Results demonstrated that macroscopic and microscopic properties were able to differentiate 99.995% of the population (one undifferentiated pair out of 19,900). When combined with either FT‐IR or UV–Vis microspectroscopy, all paints were differentiated. The results of this research lead to the conclusion that one would not expect to encounter two indistinguishable paint chips originating from different sources during the investigation of a single event.     

显微激光拉曼光谱技术区分喷墨打印墨迹研究

目的运用激光显微共聚焦拉曼光谱仪对打印墨水的墨迹样品进行检验。方法采用514nm激发波长,测得EPSON、HP、CANON等3个品牌21种型号墨迹样品的拉曼光谱。结果根据拉曼峰位的异同,可将21种型号墨迹样品分为8大类。结论该方法可以快速区分常见不同种类打印墨水墨迹,为印刷文件的检验鉴定提供方法参考。     

PRAXIS—combined μ-Raman and μ-XRF spectrometers in the examination of forensic samples

Recently, two analytical techniques – Raman and XRF spectroscopy – have been often applied in criminalistic examinations of different kinds of trace evidences. In this paper, the application of the new combined μ-Raman and μ-XRF spectrometer in analysis of multilayer paint chips, modern inks, plastics and fibres was evaluated. It was ascertained that the apparatus possesses real advantages and could be helpful in the identification of examined materials after some modifications, i.e. by adding an extra laser and decreasing the spot size of the X-ray beam.     

涤纶纤维上分散染料的液-质分析

目的建立液-质联用技术对涤纶纤维上分散染料进行分析的方法。方法以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为提取剂,在负离子模式下对12个黄色涤纶纤维上分散染料进行分析。结果12种分散染料在负离子模式质谱检测条件下均得到了有效的分析。根据一级负离子模式下总离子流图中准分子离子峰质荷比的不同,可将其中8种样品一一鉴别开。在此基础上,从染料离子化产物中选取响应信号较强的准分子离子为母离子,再对母离子进行二级质谱全扫描,依据二级质谱图中特征碎片峰的数目、质荷比的异同可对纤维上染料进一步进行鉴别。结论液-质联用法是检验有色纤维上染料的一种科学、有效的方法。     

Development of a simple and non-destructive examination for counterfeit coins using acoustic characteristics

The measurement of the sound by the shock wave and the analysis of the natural frequencies were carried out for the authentic and five kinds of counterfeit 500-yen coins for the purpose of the quick and simple discrimination. Four peaks of natural frequencies were observed in the range of 5–20 kHz for authentic coins. On the other hand, only three peaks were observed for some kinds of the counterfeit coins. Four peaks were observed for other counterfeit coins, however the peaks were slightly shifted compared to those for authentic coins. These results show that the discrimination of the counterfeit coins from authentic ones can be realized by the examination of the natural frequencies. This method is quite useful for the simple screening of authentic and counterfeit coins.     

Development of an Antibody Hapten‐Chip System for Detecting the Residues of Multiple Antibiotic Drugs*

Abstract: The abuse of antibiotic drugs during animal production remains a worldwide problem and the subsequent detection of the residues of various drugs present at low concentrations in complex biological matrices poses significant analytical challenges. The present study outlines a practical biochip assay system to identify antibiotic residues in different animal tissue extracts. The system uses a simple but efficient multiresidue sample extraction procedure to isolate the antibiotic residues which were then identified directly using high‐affinity monoclonal antibodies presented in a competitive immunoassay with conjugated antibiotic hapten‐chips. The hapten‐chip can analyze six samples each for eight antibiotics on a single chip within 3 h. The analytical results with both artificial positive standard samples and the incurred samples show that the antibody hapten‐chip system has a comparable accuracy and a similar sensitivity to a standard ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS assay. In conclusion, an effective analytical screening system based on antibody hapten‐chip was developed for detecting multiple antibiotic residues from multiple samples.