行政法的反贫困思考——行政法原则、理论基础与反贫困

本文从我国反贫困的现状及所采取的措施入手,指出我国现阶段所采取的反贫困措施没有从根本上解决我国的贫困问题,进而阐述了行政法原则与理论基础包含的反贫困机理。     

试论社会工作在我国城市反贫困领域面对的任务

在上个世纪九十年代初,当中国社会沉浸在农村扶贫取得了伟大成就的喜悦之中时,城市贫困问题突然像传染病一样爆发流行。种种城市贫困现象现已成为社会关注的热点,城市反贫困势在必行。本文将试图探讨社会工作在我国城市反贫困领域中面对的任务,以期从社会工作专业化的角度对我国城市的反贫困策略做一些有益的补充。     

论经济法与反贫困机制

贫困由来以久,并不仅仅是一个经济问题,对贫困致因做深入的剖析,目的是将反贫困纳入法制化的轨道,为持久消除贫困提供可靠的法律制度保证。而反贫困是一项极其复杂的社会系统工程,反贫困斗争的长期性与艰巨性要求法律,确切地说要求经济法的介入。本文试图用经济学和法学分析方法,在经济法领域中探索出反贫困法律机制。     

论经济法与反贫困机制

贫困由来以久,并不仅仅是一个经济问题,对贫困致因做深入的剖析,目的是将反贫困纳入法制化的轨道,为持久消除贫困提供可靠的法律制度保证。而反贫困是一项极其复杂的社会系统工程,反贫困斗争的长期性与艰巨性要求法律,确切地说要求经济法的介入。本文试图用经济学和法学分析方法,在经济法领域中探索出反贫困法律机制。     

物质扶贫与精神扶贫——中国城市反贫困的新思路

目前我国城市出现贫富分化的现象,反贫困问题越来越引起人们的关注。本文从精神救助的重要性出发,分析了单纯物质扶贫的局限性,论述了物质扶贫与精神扶贫相结合的必要性,并进而提出在物质扶贫中始终贯穿精神扶贫的中国城市反贫困新思路。     

反贫困法律问题研究

反贫困是一项复杂的社会系统工程。中国贫困问题的产生有其法律制度性根源。反贫困斗争的长期性和艰巨性要求法律机制的介入。反贫困立法属特别立法 ,应以对农村特殊贫困群体的救济和农村扶贫开发过程中发生的社会关系为调整对象 ,以实现权利义务在相关主体之间的合理配置和反贫困工作的规范化、制度化和法治化。     

浅谈社会救助与开发式扶贫的制度整合

国富民强是中华民族百年复兴孜孜不倦的追求。改革开放以来,我国在反贫困斗争中取得了巨大的成就,源于经济体制改革背景下农村社会救助和开发式扶贫共同作用的结果。然而,随着改革进入深水区,我国在反贫困斗争中遇到了一些原有政策无法解决的问题。分析社会救助和开发式扶贫的理论基础和政策框架可知,将农村社会救助和开发式扶贫的有机整合将是转型时期中国反贫困斗争的可能出路。     

社会保障视角下的反贫困探析

随着经济的发展，当前我国的贫困状况有所改善但贫困问题仍不容乐观。反贫困是落实科学发展观、建设和谐社会的重大内涵之一，政府作为公共权力的执行者有责任和义务为陷入贫困的民众提供基本的生活保障，不断完善农村与城市的社会保障政策是反贫困工作的重要内容，也应是我们不断努力的方向。     

邓小平同志反贫困思想与实践的历史考察及当代启示

贫困是人类社会历史上长期存在的现象。十一届三中全会以来,邓小平同志对贫困问题有了深刻的认识,并在长期执政过程中开展了大量的反贫困工作。本文通过对邓小平同志反贫困思想与实践的历史考察,总结邓小平同志长期开展反贫困斗争的宝贵经验,以期在推动全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦的进程中发挥积极作用。     

印度尼西亚扶贫开发策略研究

印度尼西亚近年来在反贫困领域进行了卓有成效的实践,取得了一定成绩。通过对印尼的现金转移项目(PKH)以及社区自立发展项目(PNPM)进行研究分析将对我国的扶贫开发工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

反贫困的若干法律思考

政府同时具有保护性政府和再分配政府这两种特性 ,它们在反贫困中有着不同的作用。政府是反贫困的主导力量 ,社会组织是必要的补充 ,二者应该在法律的保障下进行分工与合作。贫困的形成和腐败有着必然的联系 ,因此 ,我们必须制约政府官员的权力 ,反对腐败。法律制度是反贫困工作得以顺利进行的保障 ,它是行政措施无法替代的。     

经济法的反贫困机理和制度设计

贫困体现了市场失灵和政府失灵,而这两个失灵是经济法产生和发展完善的理论基础;反贫困所体现的公平观是一种新型的、可持续的发展观,它是经济法之实质公平的典型表现形式;政府反贫困行为还与经济法所追求的社会整体利益相契合,体现了经济法的社会本位思想;因此,经济法可以从宏观调控法和市场规制法两方面进行制度设计。     

我国行刑联动信息共享平台运行绩效量化评价——基于对上海市食品药品行政执法的实证研究

为了实现行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接,2005年上海市率先建立“行政执法与刑事司法衔接的信息共享平台”,随后,信息共享平台建设工作在全国范围内广泛推行,并且应用于各个行政执法领域。目前,我国信息共享平台总体运行情况良好,对提高行政执法效率,打击犯罪行为起到了正向促进作用,但也存在信息共享平台分布不均衡、使用率低和监督不力等问题,需从扩大推行范围、改进平台功能、加强监督管理等方面加以完善。     

Framework for Analysis of Legal Mobilization: A Decision-Making Model

The American legal system, structured in an entrepreneurial mode, relies upon the individual actor to personally evaluate the burdens and benefits of invoking the law on his or her own behalf Without discounting the contribution to our understanding of legal mobilization which has been made by the access-to-justice movement, the author argues that focusing on the poor and the distribution of legal services has limited our understanding of the legal system.
The article presents an alternative analytic framework for examination of citizen use of the law. The model of legal mobilization presented focuses on demands rather than needs, on citizens rather than lawyers or judges, on decision making rather than access, and on invoking the law rather than compliance with it. Drawing on the literature and available empirical evidence, the author attempts to analytically clarify the complex process of legal mobilization by organizing relevant variables into a decision-making model that focuses on the individual actor and the factors weighed in deciding whether and how to proceed in mobilizing the law.     

政治背景人士担任公司高管的法律问题研究

本文认为,政治背景人士可担任公司高管从事营利性活动极易利用自己的政治背景为公司谋取本不属于该公司的机会和利益,对同业市场主体间的公平竞争造成损害;部分政治背景人士同时担任多家公司高管,难免对任职的公司造成不公.同时,政治背景人士担任公司高管亦会产生具体的法律问题,由于现行法律法规的缺失和不周延,必须从公法、私法和社会法三个法域予以立法完善.     

The Law’s ‘Majestic Equality’

Anatole France’s The Red Lily is best known for this ironic aphorism: ‘The law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges, to beg in the streets, and to steal bread.’ The laws mentioned in this aphorism are open to two criticisms. The first criticism is that they forbid conduct that oughtn’t to be forbidden. The second criticism is that they unfairly place greater burdens of compliance on some (here, the poor) than on others (here, the rich). It may be onerous for the poor to comply with the law against, say, sleeping under bridges; not so for the rich. It is this second criticism that I read France as expressing, and it is the reach of this criticism that I explore in this essay. Specifically, I want to ask whether the second criticism may apply to a law even if the first criticism does not – whether there can be laws that are good in the sense that they forbid behavior that genuinely ought to be forbidden, but that are nonetheless unfair in the distribution of compliance burdens they yield. Some examples may tempt us to say ‘no.’ It may be more burdensome for thrill-seekers than for the rest of us to comply with laws against speeding, but that does not make speeding laws unfair. But I argue that the answer is ‘yes.’ Good laws can, and surprisingly often do, yield unfair distributions of compliance burdens. I conclude the essay by showing how remedies for this sort of unfairness might work.     

依靠法治满足人民对美好生活的要求研究

美好生活是人民对于高品质生活的理想追求,而法治则在满足人民美好生活方面发挥着至关重要的作用.要通过法治的平等原则确保人人拥有平等的人格、规定人人相同的地位以及赋予人人同样的法律机会,为人的尊严感的达致奠定基础.人民福祉是法治的根本目标,要通过法律制度来缩小收入分配差距、确保不同群体之间资源的公平分配以及地域发展上的互补...     

分配结构的财税法调整

我国不合理的分配结构导致的大量分配问题,需要通过调整和优化分配结构来解决,其关键是改变分配制度中的收益分配权配置;对于分配结构的调整,传统法和现代法的功用各不相同,而财税法的功用则更为突出;财税法作为"分配法"所蕴含的分配理论,是分配结构调整的理论基础;财税法具体制度的调整和完善,有助于解决分配结构失衡、分配差距过大和分配不公等突出问题,对于维护分配秩序和实现分配正义尤为重要。     

Poor relief and families in nineteenth-century Ireland and Italy

This article examines the extent to which poor relief supported families and households in two contrasting European (and predominantly Roman Catholic) countries, Ireland and Italy, over the long nineteenth century. The main focus of the article is on the poor law in Ireland and the extent to which it provided support to families and households. While nuclear and extended families dominated household structures in late nineteenth-century Ireland (at least in rural areas), we show that by 1900, the majority of persons supported in workhouses were single. However, outdoor relief also formed an important part of the Irish poor law system and data on the household composition of persons supported is not available from official sources. Drawing on a data-matching exercise for one poor law union, this article suggests that the household structure of persons on outdoor relief may have been more complex than the official data would indicate and, in contrast to indoor relief, much more representative of overall household structures. In order to put these findings in context we compare the Irish approach with that adopted in Italy.