Intellection and Indiscipline

A discipline will usually become the object of study and its relationship to other disciplines a moment of concern when its borders are precarious and its definition in dispute. Law, 'the oldest social science', is arguably both prior to discipline — it emerges initially and most forcefully as a practice — and without discipline, its object being potentially all human behaviour. If law is necessarily between and among disciplines, both prone to moonlighting and everywhere homeless, it will also always be in some mode of scholarly crisis. Certain conclusions follow. Law is paradoxically dependent upon other disciplines for its access to the domains that it regulates. The greater its epistemic dependency, however, the slighter its political acknowledgment of that subordination. Which allows a positive thesis: the epistemic drift of law can carry the discipline to a frank acknowledgment of the value of indiscipline both to novelty and intellection.     

Structural anomie and crime: a cross-national test

Anomie is a highly prominent theoretical construct in macro-social, particularly cross-national, criminological inquiry. Yet despite its prominence, it has proven to be quite elusive with regard to its measurement and, hence, making it nearly impossible to test theoretical hypotheses regarding its predictive efficacy. Although the concept, whether derived from Merton's classic conceptualization or from its current incarnation in the form of institutional anomie as developed by Messner and Rosenfeld, is multidimensional and complex in its theoretical structure, most researchers have attempted to operationalize it through simple, single-item, often surrogate/proxy measures. The present research note attempts to develop a measure that is more consistent with its multidimensional and complex nature. This more complex operationalization is then examined with regard to its efficacy at predicting cross-national levels of both homicide and theft. Our results suggest that that this new operationalization has considerable predictive efficacy, accounting for approximately one third of the variation in the cross-national level of both homicide and theft.     

兴利除弊：一人公司的法律规制

一人公司的出现历经全面禁止、个案承认和普遍认可的发展轨迹，一人公司的出现既是传统公司内部制度发展演变的必然结果,更是一人公司利益相关者就公司利弊长期博弈的产物，对此，应当兴利除弊，并采取多管齐下的措施进行法律规制。     

网络色情及其控制研究

网络色情的泛滥成了近两年来网络上的一大现象,它的危害性也日渐显现,研究控制网络色情的手段已成为当务之急。网络色情的定义、种类、特征等都与传统色情有相当大的差异。网络色情的特殊生长环境使得单纯依靠传统的色情控制方式并不能对网络色情进行有效的控制。根据当前的实际情况,对控制网络色情的控制应当走技术与法律相结合的道路。     

市民社会与宪政之路

市民社会与国家的关系不仅有其道德基础 ,还有其知识论依据。近代中国的宪政之路之所以艰难 ,是因为缺乏成熟的市民社会。中国的历史文化传统和现实决定了中国的市民社会不可能走一条西方式的道路     

入世对社会稳定和政法工作的影响及对策

我国入世已经过去一年 ,反思一年的入世实践 ,使我们更加深刻地体会到入世的重大意义 ,但也应当清醒地认识到入世对我国社会稳定和政法工作带来的负面影响和严峻挑战 ,为此应当抓住机遇 ,趋利避害 ,迎难而上 ,积极应对 ,采取切实有效的措施 ,确保大局稳定 ,为改革发展创造更加良好的社会环境。     

新型迷奸药γ-羟基丁酸（GHB）及相关物质

γ-羟基丁酸及相关物质的滥用日渐流行,同时由于其强烈的镇静及健忘效果常被用作迷奸药。在人体内γ-羟基丁酸的天然存在和摄入后的迅速消除,使得体内γ-羟基丁酸及相关物质的检测和浓度评价变得困难。本文就γ-羟基丁酸及相关物质的理化性质、合成、滥用、内源性产生、药理学、药效学、中毒与死亡、临床应用、在DFSA案件中的使用、检测方法等诸多问题作一综述,以期为法医毒物分析等相关领域的实际检案和研究提供参考。     

Higher education and the general [lack of] agreement on trade in services: from Doha to Hong Kong and beyond

What international framework, if any, is higher education subject to in terms of its work, not in the sense of validating its programmes or safeguarding its academic freedom, but in terms of its funding, its operating environment and its stakeholders? Is it viewed as a business in some sense? Is it subject to trade rules and negotiations? All of these questions have, to some extent, been raised in the World Trade Organisation's ‘Doha Round’ of negotiations. Has agreement been reached or has the overall operating context of economies submerged higher education, in particular agriculture? This article analyses the brief history of the Doha Round and the possible categorization of higher education within a commercial framework. Conclusions are reached at the end.     

论教育学教材文本的性质与书写

对教育学教材的文本性质与书写方式的思考,是进行教材建设的理论前提。在以知识为中心的课程观的影响下,传统教育学教材追求知识的精确与理论的完备,忽视教材的人文性与生命性;强调教材教育知识的权威性,而忽视教育知识的对话性与生成性。其书写遵循的是知识的逻辑而不是生命意义的逻辑,强调的是文本的正确性,而忽视文本的反思性与创造性。教育学作为一门以人文事实为基础的学科,其知识的不确定性与实践的开放性决定了,追求确定的教育知识是徒劳的,将教材作为不可质疑的权威也是错误的。由此,我们需要反思教材的文本性质,重构教材文本的书写方式。     

Technology, Criminology and Crime Science

Developments in technology have changed the environment of crime, which, in some of its new forms, poses a serious threat to society. At the same time the technologies of crime control are being transformed. If criminology is to respond adequately to this changed environment, it must make radical changes in its mission, its theories and its methodologies, the collective result of which would be to make the discipline more directly relevant to crime control and prevention. This would enhance the effectiveness of these activities and would also open up new and exciting career opportunities for criminologists. If criminology does not change, it will become eclipsed by crime science and will find it increasingly hard to survive – even in the protected environment of universities.     

改革开放的历史进程和启示

30年改革开放的进程可以划分为三个阶段，即改革开放的起步和全面展开的阶段、改革开放以建立社会主义市场经济为主线深入发展的阶段和改革开放沿着科学发展道路继续推进的阶段。事实雄辩地证明，改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，是发展中国特色社会主义、实现中华民族伟大复兴的必由之路。改革开放以来，我们也遇到了很多新的问题和新的困难，人民群众对目前的社会状况也有不满意之处。所有这些，都要认真加以解决。但不能因此而否定改革开放的必要性。改革开放对我们的最大启示，就是十七大报告指出的，改革开放以来我们取得的一切成绩和进步的根本原因，归结起来就是：开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。     

菲律宾生物多样性及其相关知识的立法及对中国的启示

生物多样性及其相关知识是人类生存和发展的基础,而今其保有却不断受到威胁。菲律宾不仅制定了世界上第一个规范生物勘探的法律,而且与此相适应,制定了保护生物多样性和保护传统知识的专门法律。尤其值得关注的是菲律宾生物多样性和文化多样性立法形成立体交叉模式,建立了堪称世界上最为完整的生物多样性及相关知识的法律保护体系。菲律宾经验对生物多样性和文化多样性立法几近空白的中国具有深刻的启示。     

马克思的资本理论及其当代意义

马克思的资本理论既包括对资本历史作用的阐述,也包括对资本弊端和负面因素的分析与批判.我们建国前30年的社会主义实践是想尝试超越这些弊端,但脱离了一定的历史条件,因而效果不佳.改革开放20多年重新引入市场与资本是想发挥其积极作用,取得了很大成绩,但对抑制其负面因素注意不够.重温马克思的资本理论旨在指导我们在今后的实践中对资本要用其利而弃其弊.     

论国际法与宪法的效力关系——《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的视角

在有关国际法与宪法的效力关系的国内法制度中,有规定宪法的效力优于国际法的,也有规定国际法的效力优于宪法的.根据有关国际法与宪法效力关系的国际法,国际法的效力优于各国宪法,每个国家都有义务依据宪法或法律采取履行国际义务的措施、不得以宪法及其他国内法为理由不履行国际义务,但各国可以利用条约保留机制处理国际条约与宪法或法律的冲突.在国际关系中,违背国际法的宪法或法律规定不具有法律效力,削定或实施违背国际法的宪法或法律规定构成国际不法行为,产生国际责任.关于违背国际法的宪法或法律规定在其本国国内的效力,应当具体情况具体分析,违背一般国际法强制性规范、违背对整个国际社会的义务或违背<公民权利和政治权利国际公约>中的缔约国在紧急情况下也不得克减保障义务的强制性条款的宪法或法律规定,应当是自始无效的.     

The Eurogroup,power and accountability

This article considers the role of the Eurogroup in EU decision‐making, a topic that is under‐theorised, more especially given its importance in the overall EU schema. The Eurogroup's power has grown very considerably, largely because of the enhanced role that it has been accorded as a result of the financial crisis, with the result that its power no longer accords with the Treaty provisions that specify its function. The article sets out the Treaty foundations of the Eurogroup, examines its role in EU decision‐making, the rationale for its increased power, and the extent to which it is politically and legally accountable.     

人工智能技术在智慧法院建设中实践运用与前景展望

无论理论研究还是实践经验,我国智慧法院建设已经产生了大量的智慧成果,但在可持续发展的制度化逻辑方面与既有实践成果之间尚未实现科学衔接,智慧法院建设还存在着实践应用不充分、系统融贯性不畅和在线诉讼不足等问题。进一步推动人工智能技术在智慧法院建设中实践运用的基本方案是,在"人工智能+司法"的格局之下,借助数字孪生、拓展现实、隐私计算、情感计算等新兴人工智能技术拓展智慧法院建设的实践运用;在运用前景上,以人工智能技术系统指导智慧法院4.0建设,特别是以人工智能技术推动智慧法院在线诉讼规则,并通过人工智能技术与制度的协同融合推动智慧法院内涵发展,以此推动司法理论与智能技术深度融合、诉讼需求与智能技术深度融合、通用技术与专有开发深度融合,为智能时代中国智慧法院建设提供技术机理和法理结构。     

夫妻共同债务推定规则的缺陷及重构——《婚姻法司法解释(二)》第24条之检讨

最高法院《婚姻法司法解释(二)》第24条规定的夫妻共同债务推定规则在施行中遭到许多质疑,本文从推定规则的制度来源、价值衡量、举证责任分配等方面分析其存在的立法缺陷,并提出重构设想。     

人民调解机制的现状调查与制度改进

人民调解在我国历来是比较受重视的一种纠纷解决方式。作为一种历史悠久有着良好的组织基础和社会基础的纠纷解决机制,人民调解应当成为非诉讼纠纷解决机制主要角色,然而,十几年来,人民调解在纠纷解决方面的功能却逐步弱化。为此,必须从增强人民调解协议的效力,建立和完善人民调解体系以及加强人民调解的人员经费保障等方面加以改进。     

超越“传统与现代”：法律多线现代化

相关研究或明或暗地将“传统与现代”作为民间法与国家法的重要区别。然而,民间法与国家法都是各自以一种进化的方式发展起来的,都有自己的历史和现实,并都在内外因素作用下不断变迁以适应现代社会,都有自己的经验、理性和正义观,都满足一定的社会需要,都有传统性和自己的现代性,都有自身的现代化进程。而且,国家法与民间法从来都是相互影响并由此在一定程度上相互转化和承认,“你中有我,”“我中有你,”交错混杂。将国家法和民间法作现代与传统的区分缺乏事实和理论依据。在法律多元的社会中,法律现代化是民间法与国家法各自在内外因素作用下的多线现代化。我们应当引导民间法的现代化,确保民间法现代化与国家法现代化的协调,确保正义的弘扬和社会的和谐。     

政府绩效管理应兼顾程序和结果

政府绩效管理是当代新公共管理运动的主题之一,是一种新的管理工具。本文界定了政府绩效管理的内涵,分析了其特征,指出了其作用,发现了其实施过程中的问题,如对程序和结果关系的不正确处理。为了解决此问题,本文从局限性和可行性分析了政府绩效管理兼顾程序和结果的原因,并提出相应的对策。