心肌炎猝死案例的法医病理学研究

从法医尸检案例中取心肌炎猝死17例进行分析及病理学观察，对心肌炎的分关、心肌炎导致猝死机制进行探讨，认为诱发急性心力衰竭是心肌炎猝死的主要原因。     

孤立性心肌炎引起猝死的法医学鉴定(附五例尸检报告)

孤立性心肌炎（isolatedmyocarditis）在心血管系统疾病中并不少见，由于本病可致猝死，故在法医病理学鉴定工作中常可遇到。一般对那些病变典型，有相应临床表现的案例，鉴定并不困难，但对病变程度较轻，又无相应临床表现的猝死案例，在死因诊断时往往出现分歧。作者复习本室30余年来尸检诊断为孤立性心肌炎猝死的案例，并选择部分因急性暴力死亡尸检案例的心脏标本作对照，结合文献，对该病猝死的法医病理学诊断问题进行探讨。材料与方法1．5例孤立性心肌炎猝死者的心脏。分别在其左室、乳头肌、右室取材，石蜡切片，HE染色，镜检。2．1…     

3例心肌炎猝死者传导系统的病理组织学研究

<正> 病毒性心肌炎发病率逐年升高,在其组织学、病因学、血清学及发病机制等方面国内外进行了较深入细致的研究,但对心脏传导系统的组织学研究较少。鉴于某些病人尸检除心肌炎外,其它器官未见致死性病变,而且心肌本身的病变也不足以引起突然死亡。为研究猝死是否由心肌炎累及传导系统所致,本文对3例心肌炎猝死传导系统的组织学进行了系统的检查。     

冠心病猝死心肌纤维连接蛋白免疫组化染色观察

目的研究纤维连接蛋白（FN）免疫组化染色对冠心病猝死（SCD）的病理学诊断价值。方法用兔抗人FN多克隆抗体对人SCD心肌、颅脑损伤和病毒性心肌炎致死者心肌进行FN-SP免疫组化染色观察，用图像分析处理系统对FN免疫组织化学染色阳性反应产物面积定量，所得数据进行统计分析。结果SCD组16例心肌组织内FN大量沉积；颅脑损伤致死组心肌细胞内FN染色阴性，病毒性心肌炎致死组部分心肌细胞内FN阳性；3组心肌细胞内的阳性反应面积存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。冠心病猝死组阳性反应面积（μm^2）为54143．28±8474．92；颅脑损伤致组阳性反应面积（μm^2）为527．99±105．04；病毒性心肌炎组阳性反应面积（μm^2）为5483．53±1219．91。结论冠心病猝死者心肌FN免疫组化检测可为死因诊断提供可靠依据。     

97例心性猝死的法医病理学分析

目的探讨心性猝死（SCD）的特点、病理基础及致死因素和诱因等。方法对本系2002年12月至2006年12月期间，所作450例法医病理检案的97例心性猝死案例进行分析研究。结果97例SCD患者中，冠心痛猝死38例，心肌炎23例，心肌痛16例，高血压性心脏病12例，主动脉瘤破裂4例，肺栓塞4例。结论SCD病程短骤、凶险，以老年男性多见，冠心病占首位。由于猝死的因素繁多，因此对猝死事件的法医学鉴定要根据其发生特征和变化规律，作出客观、全面、准确的签定结论。     

特发性肉芽肿性心肌炎猝死1例

特发性肉芽肿性心肌炎猝死１例卞士中，庄启元，孙志红，匡志才１．苏州医学院法医学教研室；苏州２１５００７２．吴县公安局法医室；吴县．２１５１００）１案情摘要１９９４年１月１０日晚７时许，马某（男，５９岁）因故与人发生争执，于当晚９时突然昏倒在地，即由家...     

病毒性心肌炎猝死心肌MMP-9和TGF-β1表达与心肌纤维化的关系

目的研究病毒性心肌炎心肌MMP-9、TGF-β1表达与心肌纤维化的关系,探讨其在病毒性心肌炎猝死鉴定中的作用。方法筛选30例病毒性心肌炎作为实验组（18例为明确性心肌炎组,12例为界限性心肌炎组）,另选10例非病毒性心肌炎作为对照组。Masson染色观察病毒性心肌炎心肌胶原增生的情况;免疫组化法检测MMP-9、TGF-β1的蛋白表达和组织定位,并用图像分析系统及统计学方法进行定量分析。结果病毒性心肌炎组心肌胶原纤维较对照组明显增多;MMP-9、TGF-β1的表达水平明显增高,MMP-9、TGF-β1的表达与心肌胶原纤维增生呈正相关。结论MMP-9、TGF-β1可能在病毒性心肌炎心肌纤维化过程中起重要作用,可以作为病毒性心肌炎猝死的辅助诊断的指标。     

急性病灶性间质性心肌炎猝死(附22例报告)

急性心肌炎在摔死案例中仅次于冠心病和高血压病，属心源性摔死中第三位。近5年来，笔者复习了心源性摔死案例发现急性病灶性间质性心肌炎摔死共22例，如此多的数量，值得引起重视，观介绍如下。尸检资料；1．性别、年龄22中例急性病毒性间质性心肌炎中男女之比为《．5：1，男性占多数，年龄10－20岁《人，21－30岁13人，31－40岁2人，41岁以上3入，年轻人居多。2．摔死诱因22例中有明显外伤者16人，睡眠中摔死1例，有腹痛症状住院猝死4人，猝死于车站侯车室1人。3．成人死者中，心脏重250g以上15人，其中最重者达455g，大于300g者10人，小…     

81例不明原因猝死法医学鉴定分析

目的总结不明原因猝死案例的流行病学及法医病理检验特点,为探明其死因提供依据和线索。方法回顾分析发生于云南省的81例不明原因猝死案例的年龄、性别、死亡时状态等流行病学特征以及解剖检验和组织学检验结果。结果 81例不明原因猝死中7例为聚集性不明原因猝死,74例为散发性不明原因猝死。聚集性不明原因猝死发生具有时间、空间和家庭聚集性,死亡时清醒状态较多。散发性不明原因猝死以男性较多见,死亡时以睡眠状态居多。聚集性不明原因猝死病理改变以心肌炎为主,同一家庭内死亡案例间病变可互不相同。散发性不明原因猝死常见的心脏病变依次为心肌脂肪浸润、心肌间质水肿、心肌纤维断裂等非特异性病变和心肌间质局灶性炎性细胞浸润。结论聚集性不明原因猝死符合云南不明原因猝死的特征,其病因可能与季节、环境、遗传等多种因素有关。散发性不明原因猝死大多数具有青壮年猝死综合征的特征。     

猝死156例分析

猝死，又称急死，是指貌似健康而无明显症状的人，由于潜在性疾病或机能障碍，于开始感到不适后24小时内发生意外的急速的自然死亡(suddenunexpectednaturaldeath，SUND)。猝死的最大特点是意外性，因此，猝死常引起死者家属的怀疑、误解，甚至发生一些纠纷，而要求法医学鉴定。本系自1992年至2001年受理的法医病理学鉴定案例中，猝死者有15例，现对其分析如下。1一般情况1.1猝死发生率在本系进行的法医病理学鉴定案例中，经过尸体剖验、组织学检查、毒物分析等，排除了机械性损伤、机械性窒息、中毒等因素，按照WHO关于猝死的诊断标准，…     

冠心病猝死的法医病理学免疫组织化学研究进展

冠心病猝死(sudden coronary death,SCD)是各种猝死中最常见的原因,免疫组织化学技术(immuno-histochemistry,IHC)是近年来研究冠心病猝死的有效方法。本文根据国内外文献对冠心病猝死的法医病理学免疫组织化学研究进展作如下综述。     

Is there progress in the autopsy diagnosis of sudden unexpected death in adults?

Sudden death is now currently described as natural unexpected death occurring within 1h of new symptoms. Most studies on the subject focused on cardiac causes of death because most of the cases are related to cardiovascular disease, especially coronary artery disease. The incidence of sudden death varies largely as a function of coronary heart disease prevalence and is underestimated. Although cardiac causes are the leading cause of sudden death, the exact incidence of the other causes is not well established because in some countries, many sudden deaths are not autopsied. Many risk factors of sudden cardiac death are identified: age, gender, heredity factors such as malignant mutations, left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricle function impairment. The role of the police surgeon in the investigation of sudden death is very important. This investigation requires the interrogation of witnesses and of the family members of the deceased. The interrogation of physicians of the rescue team who attempted resuscitation is also useful. Recent symptoms before death and past medical history must be searched. Other sudden deaths in the family must be noted. The distinction between sudden death at rest and during effort is very important because some lethal arrhythmia are triggered by catecholamines during stressful activity. The type of drugs taken by the deceased may indicate a particular disease linked with sudden death. Sudden death in the young always requires systematic forensic autopsy performed by at least one forensic pathologist. According to recent autopsy studies, coronary artery disease is still the major cause of death in people aged more than 35 years. Cardiomyopathies are more frequently encountered in people aged less than 35 years. The most frequent cardiomyopathy revealed by sudden death is now arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy also known simply as right ventricular cardiomyopathy (RVC). The postmortem diagnosis of cardiomyopathies is very important because the family of the deceased will need counseling and the first-degree relatives may undergo a possible screening to prevent other sudden deaths. In each case of sudden death, one important duty of the forensic pathologist is to inform the family of all autopsy results within 1 month after the autopsy. Most of the recent progress in autopsy diagnosis of sudden unexpected death in the adults comes from molecular biology, especially in case of sudden death without significant morphological anomalies. Searching mutations linked with functional cardiac pathology such as long-QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome or idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is now the best way in order to explain such sudden death. Moreover, new syndromes have been described by cardiologists, such as short-QT syndrome and revealed in some cases by a sudden death. Molecular biology is now needed when limits of morphological diagnosis have been reached.     

过敏性和冠心病猝死者心肌组织中肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶、脑利钠肽的表达

目的探讨肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶、脑利钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)在过敏性猝死和冠心病猝死鉴别诊断中的意义。方法选取山西医科大学法医病理学教研室2010—2015年尸检案例心肌标本共30例,分为颅脑损伤致死组、过敏性猝死组、冠心病猝死组,每组各10例。采用免疫荧光染色和Western印迹法分析各组心肌组织肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶和BNP的表达。结果过敏性猝死组、冠心病猝死组心肌组织内肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶免疫荧光染色均出现阳性染色;三组间两两比较,表达差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。冠心病猝死组心肌组织内BNP的表达量高于过敏性猝死组、颅脑损伤致死组(P0.05),过敏性猝死组与颅脑损伤致死组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合检测心肌组织内肥大细胞类胰蛋白酶、BNP有望为过敏性猝死和冠心病猝死的法医学鉴别诊断提供帮助。     

A comparison of respiratory symptoms and inflammation in sudden infant death syndrome and in accidental or inflicted infant death

Upper respiratory infection and pulmonary inflammation are common in sudden infant death syndrome, but their role in the cause of death remains controversial. Controlled studies comparing clinical upper respiratory infection and inflammation in sudden infant death syndrome with sudden infant deaths caused by accidents and inflicted injuries (controls) are unavailable. Our aim was to compare respiratory inflammation and upper respiratory infection within 48 hours of death and postmortem culture results in these two groups. A retrospective analysis of upper respiratory infection and pathologic variables in the trachea and lung of 155 infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome and 33 control infants was undertaken. Upper respiratory infection was present in 39% of sudden infant death syndrome cases and 40% of control cases. Upper respiratory infection was more likely to have occurred in association with more severe lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis when sudden infant death syndrome cases and control cases were combined ( P=.04). Proximal and distal tracheal lymphocytic infiltration was more severe in control cases than in sudden infant death syndrome cases ( P=.01 and.01, respectively). Lymphocytic infiltrations of the bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary interstitium were similar between groups. Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue was more prominent in control cases ( P=.04). Cultures were positive in 80% of sudden infant death syndrome cases, 78% of which were polymicrobial. Among control cases, 89% were positive, with 94% being polymicrobial. This study confirms that microscopic inflammatory infiltrates in sudden infant death syndrome are not lethal.     

Cardiac pathological study of sudden death due to myocarditis: analysis of 17 cases

17 cases of sudden death due to myocarditis were presented. The problem of the classification and mechanism of sudden death is discussed. It is concluded that heart function failure is the main reason for the sudden death of myocarditis.     

过敏性猝死者咽喉和胃肠组织内P物质的表达

目的观察P物质在过敏性猝死人体咽喉和胃肠组织的表达,并探讨其在法医学鉴定中的作用和意义。方法应用免疫组化方法对15例过敏性猝死者咽喉和胃肠组织的P物质表达进行研究,同时以冠心病猝死者作为对照;应用计算机图像分析系统对免疫组化染色结果进行分析,计算阳性指数(PI)。结果与对照组相比,实验组咽喉和胃肠组织P物质表达明显增加(P<0.001)。结论咽喉和胃肠组织的P物质表达可作为过敏性猝死的法医学鉴定的形态学依据和参考指标。     

Sudden death due to undiagnosed Wilms' tumor in an adult

Sudden unexpected deaths due to natural causes constitute a large number of cases encountered by the forensic pathologist. In a majority of such cases, heart disease is responsible for sudden death. Rare disease entities resulting in sudden death are occasionally encountered and may not fit the classic epidemiological profile. We present a case of sudden death due to a previously undiagnosed Wilms' tumor (WT) in an adult. The pathology of WT is discussed, as is the topic of sudden death due to previously unrecognized malignancy.     

连接蛋白43与心性猝死的相关性研究进展

部分心性猝死者死后尸检时心脏没有发现明显病理学异常征象,过去均将其归属原因不明的猝死范畴。近年来研究显示,心肌连接蛋白43（connexin43,Cx43）表达对于心性猝死的诊断具有十分重要的意义。本文就Cx43结构、功能以及在心血管疾病发生发展中的作用与法医学意义作一综述。     

Sudden death in a 27-year-old man with Chiari I malformation

We present a case of a witnessed sudden death of a 27-year-old adult man with no antecedent trauma who subsequently was found to have a previously undiagnosed Chiari I malformation. Cases of sudden unprovoked respiratory collapse in children and adults with Chiari I malformation have been well documented, leading to death in some children. There have also been rare examples of sudden death in adults with Chiari I malformation; however, these decedents experienced recent trauma. This is a unique example of a witnessed sudden death of an adult with previously undiagnosed Chiari I malformation in the absence of trauma.     

Sudden death and anomalous origin of the coronary arteries from the aorta. A case report and review

Based on a case report of sudden death in a young boy, this paper reviews the available information concerning the various combinations of anomalous origins of coronary arteries and associated sudden death. Left coronary arteries arising from the right sinus of Valsalva and passing between the aorta and pulmonary arteries are often associated with sudden death and myocardial ischemia in young people. Although right coronary arteries originating from the left sinus of Valsalva and passing between the aorta and pulmonary artery are less frequently associated with symptoms, this condition may be associated with sudden death. The incidence of symptoms associated with other anomalous origins is also discussed.