共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
2.
基于GIS的都市应急疏散系统 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
我国是灾害频发的国家之一。自然灾害如近日发生的印度洋大海啸、工业事故以及潜在的恐怖袭击等严重威胁都市人民的生命安全。一旦发生重大灾害性事件,往往需要在短时间内安全地进行大规模紧急疏散高密集人群。实施科学的应急救灾策略,是减少灾害(事故)后果严重性的重要措施之一。本文提出了基于时变动态流的网络优化模型,该模型以最短疏散时间为目标函数,同时对疏散路径、疏散目的地以及疏散开始时间进行优化。并以此优化模型为基础,初步建立了基于GIS的大规模应急疏散系统。该系统可以模拟优化各种灾害条件下最优应急疏散策略,为政府有关部门在城市建设和城市防灾规划中的决策提供科学依据。该系统可用于城市应急规划设计和实时应急管理指挥。 相似文献
3.
以"四阶段法"的方式研究对城市道路不造成破坏的不可预警突发公共事件应急交通疏散。在对城市道路不造成破坏的不可预警突发公共事件情况下,对城市内突发事件应急交通的人员疏散及救援人员和物资进入问题进行了分析。按类型分析法引入当量车辆的概念对突发事件下城市的交通需求进行预测,在此基础上得出应急交通分配矩阵的求解方程,并对应急疏散所需车辆及往返次数进行了预测,最后,结合路网情况和时间因素改进了应急交通需求量的加载模型。 相似文献
4.
针对传统的台风灾害下交通疏散方案设计中对疏散主体的随机选择行为研究的不足,本文通过对台风的等级、危害及相关疏散内容进行调研,以台风灾害下交通疏散方案设计中的疏散主体离散选择行为和疏散流程管理为主要研究内容,对疏散主体的随机离散选择行为建立二元Logit模型进行分析,并采用SP调查方法完成了疏散行为选择的问卷调查,利用SPSS软件完成了随机离散选择行为模型的参数标定,最后以深圳市南山区某片区为例,在设定的台风等级与疏散场景下进行了基于选择行为模型的台风灾害交通疏散方案设计,并且采用Arc GIS软件完成了其中的最优疏散路径分析,对实际台风灾害下的应急交通疏散工作具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
《刑警与科技》2010,(4)
本文对加油站危险有害因素进行了辨识与分析,介绍了加油站火灾爆炸事故预防措施和手段,然后,提出了加油站安全监控预警与应急管理系统构成和主要功能。加油站安全监控预警与应急管理系统通过对加油站油罐液位、卸油口与加油区可燃气体浓度、油罐与加油机漏油、卸油过程静电等安全参数的实时监控预警,实现加油站的安全监控预警和分级监管;出现事故时系统自动启动事先制定的应急预案,在GIS地图上显示出事故危害影响范围、事故现场周边的应急救援力量和应急救援设施以及最佳的人员疏散路径,为划定事故警戒和人员疏散范围提供辅助决策支持,对提高事故应急救援指挥的效率和控制事故损失具有重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
大型水电集团业务范围广,业务活动中涉及致灾因素多,应急管理工作形势严峻,开展应急管理体系建设,提高应急管理水平是降低企业运作风险和增强企业抵御突发公共事件能力的重要手段。本文首先介绍国内外应急管理工作现状,在分析大型水电集团应急管理体系建设所存在的问题的基础上,根据中国长江三峡工程开发总公司(以下简称中国三峡总公司)应急管理体系建设的实践提出了大型水电集团开展应急管理工作的思路及应注意的问题。 相似文献
9.
10.
由于现有人群疏散模型较少考虑疏散过程人群混乱程度对疏散结果的影响,本文提出了基于疏散熵的修正PSO人群疏散模型。该模型对基于PSO算法的疏散仿真框架的不足进行了改进,考虑了人群在疏散过程中的障碍物与周围人群对疏散个体疏散行为的影响。同时引入疏散熵概念,定量描述人群运动的混乱程度,并用于模型中疏散个体速度方向的修正。绘制疏散过程中运动人群的疏散熵图,直观展现出疏散熵对于疏散个体以及整个疏散过程的影响。仿真结果表明,和传统PSO模型相比,引入疏散熵的修正PSO模型能够降低疏散过程的混乱程度,有效避免人群拥挤踩踏情况的发生,提高疏散效率。 相似文献
11.
本文通过简单描述火灾场合中人员可能出现的各种逃生行为,以对火灾的调研结果为依据分析比较了这些行为方式对安全逃生的影响。 相似文献
12.
为了进一步加强对城市报警与监控系统建设工作的指导,研究部署验收与评估工作,确保年底完成试点任务,公安部科技局于7月31日在浙江省义乌市召开“全国城市报警与监控系统建设现场会”;会议的主要内容是:全面回顾总结全国城市报警与监控系统建设试点工作的情况,总结经验,找出问题,分析原因,[第一段] 相似文献
13.
14.
Department of Veterans Affairs 《Federal register》2011,76(174):55570-55572
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) amends its regulations concerning per diem payments to States to permit continuation of such payments in some situations for veterans who have been evacuated from a State home as a result of an emergency. Per diem is the daily rate paid by VA to a State for providing a specified level of care to eligible veterans in a facility that is officially recognized and certified by VA. This final rule authorizes VA to continue to pay per diem when veterans for whom VA is paying per diem are evacuated as a result of an emergency from a State home to a facility that is not recognized by VA as a State home. The rule requires, in order for per diem payments to continue while the veteran is relocated due to an emergency, that an appropriate VA official determine whether an emergency exists and whether the facility to which veterans may be evacuated (evacuation facility) complies with certain minimum standards. The rule establishes the minimum standards that facilities to which veterans are evacuated must meet in order for States to continue receiving per diem for relocated veterans. These standards also apply to evacuation facilities when veterans are evacuated from contract nursing homes. 相似文献
15.
文章假设我国已建立注册防火工程师制度,那么消防机构将已进行性能化建筑防火设计与评估的工程实行备案制度,不进行具体的建筑防火审查。注册防火工程师执业的机构形式有两种:大型设计院、研究所、高校所属的性能化防火设计研究所和社会性的火灾安全咨询服务公司。公安部消防局是注册防火工程师执业机构的主管部门,并对其进行行业与技术管理,如人员组成、软件设备、注册资金及收费标准、人员培训与业务指导以及建筑设计修改等。 相似文献
16.
国家应急管理体系在建设过程中面临的一些深层次矛盾和难题构成其体制性障碍。因此,对于我国这样一个管理层次多、幅度大,且又正处于经济转轨、社会转型关键时期的大国来说,将应急管理体系构建放在一个战略高度研究是十分紧迫和必要的。 相似文献
17.
Nilesh Keshav Tumram M.D. Vipul Namdeorao Ambade M.D. Pradeep Gangadhar Dixit M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(1):318-320
Fire extinguisher is an integral part of emergency responses to small fires. Different types of fire extinguisher exists; cartridge‐based fire extinguisher is commonly used. Despite their intended use for safety, such devices can become dangerous if not properly handled or maintained. This case report describes the death of a soldier from the explosion of a cartridge‐based fire extinguisher during routine servicing. The case is the first reported in the medical literature. A safety device like fire extinguisher can become dangerous if not handled with care and due steps should be taken for the maintenance of such devices before being operated in the public domain. 相似文献
18.
《Federal register》2001,66(13):5427-5440
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is amending its emergency planning regulations governing the domestic licensing of production and utilization facilities. The final rule requires that consideration be given to including potassium iodide (KI) as a protective measure for the general public that would supplement sheltering and evacuation. KI would help prevent thyroid cancers in the unlikely event of a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power plant. The final rule responds to petitions for rulemaking (PRM 50-63 and PRM 50-63A) submitted by Mr. Peter G. Crane concerning the use of KI in emergency plans. 相似文献
19.
A R Copeland 《Zeitschrift für Rechtsmedizin》1985,94(1):71-79
Accidental fire deaths that occurred in Metropolitan Dade County, encompassing Miami, Fla., USA, during the years from 1979 until 1983 were studied. A total of 108 cases were collected, representing 6.1% of the nontraffic-related accidents during this 5-year period, and analyzed as to the age, race, sex, cause of death of the victim along with the blood alcohol content at autopsy, toxicologic analysis, location of the fire, and how the fire started. Essentially, the victims ages cluster in the 0-5 years and does 70 years, although other age groups are evenly distributed. A white male population predominates. The cause of death is listed as either smoke inhalation or thermal injury. Most toxicologic analyses were not performed due to the high rate of fire rescue intervention and at least emergency room hospitalization prior to death. Carboxyhemoglobin levels, when analyzed, ranged from less than 20% to over 80%. In a smaller group of cases, cyanide was analyzed for and was found negative (or none detected) in the majority of the cases. More fires occurred in residences and started due to cigarette smoking or electric malfunction. 相似文献