眼眶爆裂骨折的CT表现及法医学鉴定分析

目的研究眼眶爆裂骨折的CT表现特点及其法医学鉴定问题。方法对76例眼眶爆裂骨折的临床法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性分析、总结。结果单纯头部CT以及X线检查诊断眼眶爆裂骨折漏诊率较高,其中CT诊断阳性率高于X线;眼部CT检查是诊断眼眶爆裂骨折的首选方法。76例骨折中以眶内侧壁骨折多见,其次为眶下壁骨折。CT直接征象主要表现为眶壁骨质连续性中断和眶壁移位,间接征象主要为骨折处积血和软组织增厚;临床表现以眼周瘀斑、肿胀、视力下降及复视为主。眼眶爆裂骨折对伤眼视力影响不明显,患者伤后视力多在0.8以上,但是容易出现复视;损伤程度以轻伤为主。结论单纯头部CT及X线检查诊断眶壁爆裂骨折有局限性,对眼部损伤患者,建议法医鉴定时将眶部CT检查作为常规;眶壁骨折对伤眼视力影响不明显,但是容易出现复视,法医鉴定时应引起注意。     

临床漏诊眶骨骨折的法医学鉴定分析

<正> 在眼损伤的法医临床学鉴定实践中,有些临床漏诊的眶骨骨折的法医学鉴定案例,已被大多数法医同行所关注。本文作者对32例临床漏诊的眶骨骨折的法医学鉴定资料进行回顾性分析,并对其漏诊原因和法医学鉴定的有关问题进行讨论。     

对冲性眶壁骨折的法医学鉴定

目的 探讨对冲性眶壁骨折在眼眶骨折中的分类及其发生机制以及法医学鉴定要点。方法 对42例对冲性眶壁骨折的法医学鉴定案例进行回顾性研究,全部资料有明确的致伤原因,均进行临床常规检查及双眼影像学检查。结果 对冲性眶壁骨折在眶壁骨折中占6.2％,致伤同侧42眼均表现为眼球钝挫伤,其中视网膜震荡18眼,重影症15眼,CT扫描显示眶壁无骨折。对侧42眼均无眼球钝挫伤及视网膜震荡表现,其中重影症10眼,CT扫描显示均为眶内壁骨折。双侧84眼全部出现视物模糊及视力下降。结论 致伤同侧眼表现为眼球钝挫伤以及对侧眼CT扫描显示眶内壁骨折为诊断对冲性眶壁骨折的主要指标,损伤程度评定为轻伤。     

眶壁骨折的法医学鉴定

报告外伤性眶壁骨折１７例,其中眶缘骨折４例,爆裂性骨折１３例,４例眶缘骨折显著塌陷１例爆裂性骨折后遗严重复视,均鉴定为重伤;其余１２例爆裂性骨折合并症治愈,鉴定为轻伤。同时提出,ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检查可准确反映眶壁骨折的部位、状态及眶内容物脱出程度,并能有效地防止有折漏诊,具有重要的法医学意义。     

眶壁骨折法医学鉴定探讨

法医临床鉴定中眼部外伤致眶壁骨折非常常见,因其早期不易诊断,故鉴定中存在较多问题.笔者现就外伤性眼壁骨折的法医学鉴定探讨如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1一般资料 44例眶壁骨折的样本均系我单位201 1年度受理的案件.44例眶壁骨折者年龄、性别分布见表1.     

眼眶骨折的法医学鉴定研究(附50例分析)

目的 研究眼眶骨折的法医特点。方法 从３６５３例损伤程度的法医学鉴定中筛选出涉及眼眶骨折的案例,分成３组：Ⅰ组：爆裂性骨折,眼眶骨折而眶缘无骨折;Ⅱ组：直接骨折,合并眶缘骨折;Ⅲ组：复合骨折,上述两种骨折兼而有之。结果 涉及眶骨骨折５０例。Ⅰ组２６例,占５２％;Ⅱ组１９例,占３８％;Ⅲ组５例,占１０％。爆裂性骨折以内、下壁多见,占９６％,致伤物以钝性工具多见占６３％,视力和眼球结构损伤较重。复合骨     

眶壁骨折法医学鉴定的体会

眼部损伤容易造成眶壁骨折，在进行法医学鉴定时，仅就眼部的损伤及视力进行检验，常常会出现漏诊。本文作者检验了16例眶壁骨折的伤者，报告如下。     

眶内壁骨折致复视像倒置法医学鉴定1例

眶壁骨折系临床法医学鉴定中常见的损伤之一,因大多数眶壁骨折可引起邻近眼外肌损伤造成眼外肌功能不良,故单纯眼肌麻痹所致的复视是眶壁骨折最常见的临床症状之一。一般待眼肌功能恢复或及时治疗后复视症状大都能消失。     

118例眶壁骨折的法医学鉴定分析

本文通过对2004年至2012年间的118例眶壁骨折的法医学损伤鉴定资料进行分析,旨在阐述外伤性眶壁骨折的法医学损伤鉴定的观点。1案例资料118例眶壁骨折伤者,男性86例、女性32例;年龄12~68岁。所有伤者均为钝性外力致伤,其中拳脚致伤64例(54.2%),棍棒类致伤46例(39.0%),摔倒致伤3例(2.6%),车辆撞击1例(0.9%),致伤过程不明4例(3.4%)。全部行眶壁CT检查,发现     

2例对冲性眶壁骨折的法医学鉴定

法医临床检验鉴定中,眶壁骨折是眶创伤常见的类型之一,多为一侧眼部受暴力打击后致同侧眶壁骨折,但一侧眼部受暴力打击后致对侧眶内壁骨折,相关报道甚少。本文作者曾遇到过2例,现报道如下:1案例资料案例1徐某,男,37岁。于2005年2月17日被人用脚踹伤右眼部,当日以“右眼部外伤半小时”收入院。入院查体:右上睑肿胀,皮下淤血;球结膜下颞侧出血,鼻侧球结膜下片状出血;右眼视力0.5,左眼视力0.3。眶部CT示:左眶内壁骨折,略塌陷;筛窦积液。诊断:右眼钝挫伤;左眶内壁骨折。法医临床学检查:神清,查体合作,回答切题。自诉双眼视力各下降0.5;右眼球结…     

CT测量在眶内壁骨折损伤程度鉴定中的应用

目的 利用CT测量眶内壁骨折案件中伤者眶容积扩大率及眶内壁骨质缺损面积,探讨两种CT测量值用于评估眶内壁骨折范围的可行性.方法 选取20例无眼眶骨折案件作为对照组,使用CT测量双侧眶容积,并比较两例是否存在差异.选取本院2018-2020年间受理的眶内壁骨折案件39例作为实验组,并根据鉴定意见分为轻伤组与轻微伤组.分别...     

Measurement of eyeball protrusion and its application in facial reconstruction

The estimation of eyeball protrusion from the bony orbit has traditionally relied upon Wolff's theory (1976) that the cornea will be tangental to a line taken from the superior to the inferior orbital margin. This study tested this theory by taking measurements from MRI cranial images of 78 eyes of white adult subjects. Orbital depth had a significant negative linear correlation with eyeball protrusion, and protrusion of the eyeball was determined by the following standard: eyeball protrusion = 18.3 - (0.4 x orbit depth). Current eyeball position determination was shown to be as much as 3.9 mm too deep in the socket, and a practical application of this result to facial reconstruction is discussed.     

多层螺旋CT、普通CT和X线在骨折法医学鉴定中的应用

目的比较多层螺旋CT（MSCT）、普通CT与X线3种检查法,评价它们在骨折法医鉴定中的应用价值。方法对366例受检者（已接受其他影像学检查）行MSCT薄层扫描并行SSD,透明化X线模拟投影和MPR处理。统计分析MSCT、CT常规与X线检查在各部位骨折中的诊断正确率和漏、误诊率并行χ2检验。结果鼻骨、肋骨、四肢及关节、眶骨、颅骨骨折MSCT诊断正确率明显高于普通CT或X线（P〈0.01）。MSCT与普通CT对脊柱骨折的诊断正确率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。MSCT、普通CT与X线的总体诊断正确率分别为99.45%、70.27%和59.17%。常规CT、X线与MSCT诊断结果间存在显著统计学差异（P〈0.001）。结论MSCT对骨折的显示更准确,可作为法医鉴定的重要辅助检查手段。     

Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition*

Abstract: Recently a small sampled cadaver study (n = 4) suggested that the human eyeballs are placed closer to the orbital roof and lateral orbital wall as first reported in the anatomical literature many years previously. This contrasts with central positioning of the eyeball within the orbit as advocated by the facial approximation literature. Given the limits of such small samples, this study re-examined globe position in nine new cadavers to help clarify which relationship is accurate. The results essentially confirm prior empirical findings except that the mean lateral divergences from the orbit center were found to be larger—the eyeball was found to be “displaced” 1.4 mm superiorly and 2.4 mm laterally. Medians calculated across all 13 cadavers from this study and the above-mentioned recent report refine these measurements to 1.4 and 2.3 mm respectively. Globe projection values were identical to those observed for living individuals (c. 16 mm).     

Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball in the Orbit-Validation Using CT Scans of Living Adults and Prediction for Facial Approximation*

Abstract: Accuracy of forensic facial approximation and superimposition techniques relies on the knowledge of anatomical correlations between soft and hard tissues. Recent studies by Stephan and collaborators (6,8,10) reviewed traditional guidelines leading to a wrong placement of the eyeball in the orbit. As those statements are based on a small cadaver sample, we propose a validation of these findings on a large database (n = 375) of living people. Computed tomography scans of known age and sex subjects were used to collect landmarks on three‐dimensional surfaces and DICOM with TIVMI. Results confirmed a more superior and lateral position of the eyeball relatively to the orbital rims. Orbital height and breadth were used to compute regression formulae and proportional placement using percentages to find the most probable position of the eyeball in the orbit. A size‐related sexual dimorphism was present but did not impact on the prediction accuracy.     

眼球突出度测量方法的比较及其法医学意义

目的比较Hertel突眼度计及CT测量两种眼球突出度测量方法的差异,探讨其法医学应用价值。方法选取56例眼部无损伤及疾病的正常人作为正常组,在确定规范的CT影像工作站上测量眼球突出度绝对值,并比较双眼眼球突出度有无差异。选取47例单侧眼眶骨折的伤者,根据两眼有无眼眶骨折,将其分为伤眼组及健眼组,分析Hertel突眼度计及CT测量两种方法测得同一眼眼球突出度绝对值的差异以及同一受检者双眼眼球突出度相对差值的差异。结果 CT法测量正常人双眼间眼球突出度差异无统计学意义。健眼组CT法测得眼球突出度绝对值为(16.66±5.41)mm,Hertel突眼度计测得眼球突出度绝对值为(16.16±4.45)mm,两组测量结果之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。伤眼组应用两种方法测量的眼球突出度绝对值之间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两种测量方法测得的眼球突出度相对差值在伤眼和健眼组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 CT法与突眼度计法具有较好的一致性,可以运用于法医学鉴定实践。     

阴茎夜间勃起试验在伤残鉴定中的应用价值

目的探讨夜间阴茎勃起试验(nocturnal penile tumescence,NPT)在外伤后阴茎勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)病因诊断中的价值。方法采用妮娃夜间阴茎勃起测定系统,监测52例骨盆骨折后ED患者夜间阴茎勃起功能,并与综合检查的结果比较。结果 52例患者中,16例用NPT诊断为心理性ED,18例用综合检查诊断为心理性ED,两种方法的检出率比较无统计学差异(P>0．05)。结论利用NPT鉴别心理性ED与器质性ED,方法简单、实用,其检测准确率与综合检查无差别。     

Eyeball Position in Facial Approximation: Accuracy of Methods for Predicting Globe Positioning in Lateral View

This study measured the accuracy of traditional and validated newly proposed methods for globe positioning in lateral view. Eighty lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from Central Europe were taken, and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The anteroposterior eyeball position was estimated as the most accurate method based on the proportion of the orbital height (SEE = 1.9 mm) and was followed by the “tangent to the iris method” showing SEE = 2.4 mm. The traditional “tangent to the cornea method” underestimated the eyeball projection by SEE = 5.8 mm. Concerning the superoinferior eyeball position, the results showed a deviation from a central to a more superior position by 0.3 mm, on average, and the traditional method of central positioning of the globe could not be rejected as inaccurate (SEE = 0.3 mm). Based on regression analyzes or proportionality of the orbital height, the SEE = 2.1 mm.