试论代孕行为有限合法化路径探析

有限合法化的代孕行为可以帮助诸多存在生育问题的育龄夫妻解决生育问题.当前,我国关于代孕行为的法律规范并不完备,在此背景下代孕行为与公序良俗的界限、代孕协议如何规范、代孕子女的抚养权归属均是造成代孕行为混乱的重要因素.建议通过对代孕行为的类型进行划分、对代孕协议制定明确规范以及规定代孕子女的抚养权归属问题,推动代孕行为有...     

我国当前刑事立法中的犯罪化与非犯罪化——严重脱逸社会相当性理论之提倡

我国当前刑事立法中的犯罪化与非犯罪化问题,其实也就是刑法的调控范围之理性思考的问题.我国刑法应否对某些行为予以犯罪化与非犯罪化,关键不在于行为是否仅具有法益侵害或违反规范,而在于行为是否达到严重脱逸社会相当性的程度.以此为实质基准,就可以对当前刑事立法中的某些热点之"犯罪化"与"非犯罪化"问题进行分析.     

我国代孕问题的法律思考

随着医学技术的发展,代孕作为一种人类生殖辅助技术也越来越多的被人们应用到现实生活中,代孕虽然给不孕不育的夫妇带来了福音,但是,代孕一直伴随着伦理道德的拷问,代孕行为也上升为了一个法律问题,然而我国在代孕方面的法律法规是空白的,如何在保障不孕不育夫妇的生育权与防止生育技术的滥用两者之间寻求平衡,就需要国家制定相关的法律法规予以规范.本文首先阐述代孕的概念、分类及发展现状,继而分析代孕存在的合理性依据以及我国关于代孕问题的立法现状,从而对我国在代孕方面的立法提出一些设想.     

关于代孕纠纷法律问题与代孕制度构建的思考

近年来,因代孕引起的亲权确认纠纷、探视权纠纷逐渐增多,在当前"无法可依"的前提下,代孕协议效力、代孕生育亲子关系应如何让认定?本文将结合国外相关立法、我国国情与实际探究上述问题,并试立足当前法律现状与国情合理构建代孕制度。     

犯罪化与非犯罪化之间:猥亵型犯罪的立法完善

我国刑法关于猥亵行为的犯罪化与非犯罪化问题上界限失当,远没有实现严而不厉的理想状态。犯罪化与非犯罪化必须立足我国当前的社会现实和文化传统,对公然猥亵行为、强制猥亵及强奸男子的行为应该予以犯罪化,以弥补刑事法网的漏洞;同时也要坚守刑法谦抑主义,对聚众淫乱行为应仅处罚组织者而不处罚参加者,并调整法定刑设置,力求严而不厉。     

经济犯罪的宏观立法完善

一、经济犯罪的犯罪化进程必须慎重 所谓犯罪化,是指将原来法律不认为犯罪的行为规定为犯罪。与之相对的是所谓非犯罪化,指将原来法律认为是犯罪的行为不再规定为犯罪,使其成为一般违法行为或正当行为,世界各国的刑事立法素有犯罪化与非犯罪化之争,属于两种不同的立法倾向。我国当前的经济刑事立法,虽然也存在非犯罪化的问题,例如     

代孕子女监护权归属问题研究

随着人工生殖技术的发展,代孕行为随之产生,同时带来一系列新的社会问题和法律问题,其中关于代孕子女监护权归属问题尤为突出。我国法律虽然规定了普通的监护权认定制度,但对于代孕子女监护权归属没有作出具体明确的规定。随着司法实践中相关判例的出现,代孕子女的法律地位及其亲子关系都需要进一步明确,通过对当前司法实践及现实中代孕子女归属问题的实证分析,尝试以儿童最大利益保护原则结合其他多方因素来解决代孕子女监护权的归属问题是一条可循路径。建议应当完善相关法律制度规定,确立代孕子女监护权原则,不断完善代孕监管,促进类案司法裁判统一,从而实现保障代孕子女的合法权益。     

代孕立法探析

关于代孕,各国的处理方法和法律规定各有不同。我国对于代孕,在立法上采取了禁止的态度,目前已经不能满足司法实践的需要。文章对国内外代孕立法的现状进行对比分析,认为我国对代孕应采取开放态度,有条件地承认其合法性,进而对我国代孕立法提出一定的建议。     

论我国非犯罪化的司法路径

当前,我国犯罪一直呈上升态势,导致刑事司法工作压力巨大,研究非犯罪化的实现路径对我国刑事司法实践具有重要的现实意义。从广义上理解,非犯罪化包括立法上的非犯罪化和司法上的非犯罪化。我国转型时期的社会现实和刑法立法模式决定了司法上的非犯罪化是我国当前非犯罪化的主要路径。司法上的非犯罪化可从三个层面展开,它包括侦查阶段的非犯罪化、起诉阶段的非犯罪化和审判阶段的非犯罪化,每个阶段的非犯罪化其具体实现方式存在差异。     

我国代孕法律问题及制度之构建

科学技术与医疗技术的日新月异促进了新一代人工生殖技术的发展,而"代孕"日益成为人工生殖技术领域的璀璨星星,多年倍受学术界的争议。代孕行为正面临着法律困境,而我国代孕法规效力软弱,对代孕的法律概念缺乏明确的定位,法律规制滞后。随着人工生殖技术的不断完善,如何构建我国的代孕法律规制显得尤为关键。本文比较各国的立法模式,对代孕的法律概念进一步界定,通过界定代孕的本质、界定代孕主体、规范相关参与者,对代孕的合理使用进行有效的法律调控,从而完善符合我国法境的法律规制。     

论我国环境刑法立法体例问题简

目前,我国环境刑事立法体例已经很难适应愈演愈烈的环境犯罪.我国现行刑法对环境犯罪的客体界定不清,对环境犯罪罪名的规定散乱不成体系;环境犯罪在现行刑法中的位阶较低,不利于有效地惩治环境犯罪.我国环境犯罪的刑事立法,应当遵循人本主义同时兼容生态主义的原则,充分尊重生态环境本身的独立价值,借鉴德国环境犯罪刑事立法模式,选择环境犯罪在现行刑法典中独立成章的立法体例,调整部分有关环境犯罪且散见其他章节的罪名,扩充环境犯罪罪名涵盖的范围.     

论我国贿赂犯罪的立法对《联合国反腐败公约》的应对--以国际刑法的国内化为视角

在我国缔约的<联合国反腐败公约>中,贿赂犯罪的规定与我国现行刑法的规定是不同的.现行刑法与<联合国反腐败公约>的相关规定的差异主要表现在贿赂的范围、贿赂外国公职人员或者国际公共组织官员犯罪与受贿罪、行贿罪的构成要件三个方面.完善相应的现行刑法的规定,是我国必须履行的国际法义务,也是司法实践的需要.     

PROTECTION OF MALE SEXUAL RIGHTS IN THE CRIME OF RAPE

Crimes relevant to sexual offence in the current Criminal Law of the PRC, such as the crime of rape, the crime of forcible molestation and humiliation of women, the crime of indecency with a child, establish a relatively close net for protecting female sexual rights. However, the protection of male sexual rights is surprisingly neglected or disregarded. In current China, sexual offences against males （including sexual offence against a male by male and sexual offence against a male by female） are getting worse. Unfortunately, male victims of sexual offences cannot seek for legal remedy due to the lack of legal provisions. In theory, the Criminal Law needs to bring in the protection of male sexual rights. This thesis will focus on the issue relevant to sexual offences against males on the crime of rape. The authors will present increasing evidence of sexual offences against males and explore the reasons. We will analyze the necessity of amending the provisions of the crime of rape based on theoretical and practical research, and learn from the advantages of legislations of different times and places in China and other countries. We will conclude with suggestions for amending the current Criminal Law about the crime of rape in order to fill up the gap in legal protection of male sexual rights in China.     

严打“两抢一盗”政策评析——以被害调查为视角

当前中国盗窃、抢劫和抢夺犯罪形势严峻。严打行动的开展，对于遏制该类犯罪的高发态势有着积极意义，但也存在一些不足。治理犯罪，保护民生，需要多策并举、多措并举。     

Crime in China: Characteristics,causes, and control strategies

Since the early 1980s, China has experienced a significant rise in crime along with its rapid economic growth, . Official data indicate that from 1980 to 1990, the overall crime rate increased 160 percent, the number of serious criminal offenses increased 240 percent. Within this article, we discuss characteristics of the current crime wave, explore the causes of the sudden rise in crime, and discuss crime control measures taken by the Chinese government     

我国犯罪构成体系不必重构

引进德日犯罪构成理论,对我国犯罪构成体系进行重构已经成为一种倾向。但是,我国犯罪构成体系并非被抨击的那样一无是处,而为重构论者所推崇的德日犯罪判断体系同样存在着前后冲突、现状和初衷背离、唯体系论等弊端。我国犯罪构成体系所存在的犯罪构成要件之间的关系不明、根据犯罪构成所得出的犯罪概念单一等问题,可以通过贯彻客观优先的阶层递进观念以及树立不同意义的犯罪概念的方法加以解决。因此,我国犯罪构成体系没有必要重构。     

试论我国"反黑"刑事立法的完善

我国现行"反黑"刑事立法存在着以下不足:缺乏超前性、完备性和配套性;针对性不强;刑罚设置明显偏轻.有鉴于此,文章提出了完善我国现行"反黑"刑事立法的几点构想:其一,增设黑社会犯罪的有关新罪,同时对现有罪名进行补充修改,使刑法规定具有适度的超前性;其二,修改现行刑法典关于黑社会性质犯罪的刑罚规定,提高量刑幅度,增设财产刑;其三,采用特别证据制度.     

中国犯罪构成体系不必重构

It becomes a tendency to introduce the German and Japanese theory in the structure of crime to restructure that of China. However, Chinese structure of crime is not that poor as criticized, while that of Germany and Japan applauded by reformist also has disadvantages, such as the confliction inside the system, the deviation of actuality and original intention and the only systematic notion, etc. The issues of Chinese structure of crime, e.g. the relationship of the constituents is not clear and the concept of crime deduced from the structure of crime is too simple, can be solved by carrying through the object-preferred step-up notion and setting up the concept of crime with various meanings. Thus, the current structure of crime does not have to be restructured. Li Hong, professor of criminal law, works at Law School of Tsinghua University. He got his M.A. and Ph.D, first at Wuhan University, China and then at Doshisha University, Japan. His primary research is focused on the elements of crime, corporate crime and Japanese criminal law and his main publications include Study of Omission, Study of Corporate Crime and Reflection on General Criminal Issues, etc.     

Transnationalisation, Orientalism and Crime

The paper begins with the question: how applicable are European and North American criminological theories to the situation in Asia? It takes a transnational and comparative perspective in relating contemporary and historical trends in crime, crime definition and crime control in a variety of Asian countries that comprise the so-called Confucian sphere. It provides a criminological critique of the ‘Asian values debate’ and, through an analysis of trends in crime, crime definition and crime control in China and Japan, of organised crime across the region, as well as selected examples of state-organised crime, seeks to provide a perspective on the developing criminological discourses of ‘the Orient’. The paper argues that, although cultural aspects are important and interesting in understanding the crime situation in the region, ultimately it is changes in politics and governance, economy and society that are most efficacious in explaining current criminological trends and developments.     

人权保障理念下职务犯罪侦查模式的转变——以新刑诉法实施后职务犯罪侦查为视角

职务犯罪侦查模式关系到对侦查权力的限制和对犯罪嫌疑人人权的保障。西方法治国家职务犯罪侦查模式通过合理规制犯罪控制程序来促使保障人权的做法，值得我们深思和借鉴。在新刑事诉讼法的框架下，检察机关应立足本土实际，以强化人权保障、有效打击犯罪为出发点，结合当前我国职务犯罪侦查模式的现状及问题，针对人权保障理念下如何实现职务犯罪侦查模式的转变，努力完善职务犯罪的侦查模式。