监察体制改革背景下村干部“微腐败”行为治理：成效与路径

村干部是区别于国家公务员的一个特殊群体,其亦官亦民的特征使其具有身份上的复合性,具有村民代理人、政府代理人和党的基层干部中的双重或三重身份。国家监察体制改革前,村干部监督机制存在制度性空白。长期游走在国家监察体系和党的纪律检查体系乃至国家法律体系中的灰色地带,是造成基层村干部“微腐败”现象易发多发且治理困难的重要原因之一。监察体制改革及《监察法》的实施,使村干部被纳入监察机关监督对象和监察职责范畴,对其腐败行为进行的专项治理和常规化治理取得了明显的成效。新时代,聚焦乡村振兴重点领域关键环节,找准监督发力点,必须坚持党建引领,加强党对农村工作的全面领导,要充分发挥纪检监察机关政治化动员机制优势,形成监督合力;完善纪法衔接、法法衔接,发挥党纪国法协同推进的共治效应;实现关口前移,更好运用监督执纪“四种形态”;加强小微权力监督管理,积极探索推广村级权力清单制度;深化标本兼治,一体推进“三不腐”体制机制建设。     

习近平领导新时代“三农”工作的治理逻辑

党的二十大明确提出,要全面推进乡村振兴,加快建设农业强国。这是在党的十八大以来我国农业农村取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革基础上对“三农”工作提出的更高目标。习近平坚持用大历史观看待“三农”问题,将马克思主义基本原理同我国国情农情实际相结合、同中华优秀传统农耕文化相结合,走中国特色乡村振兴道路,不断推进“三农”工作理论创新、实践创新、制度创新。这种将历史、理论、实践融会贯通的治理逻辑贯穿于新时代“三农”工作全过程,使我国乡村建设迎来大有作为的新时代。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中,它也必将指引我国加快农业强国建设步伐。     

“五微共享、五联共治”:基层党建引领社会治理的实践探索——以南京建邺区江心洲街道为例

基层党建在构建符合城市特色的基层社会治理体系中发挥着重要作用,是推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要任务。在基层党组织的引导下,南京市江心洲街道抓住“中新国际生态科技岛”建设的机遇,创造性地进行了具有江心洲特色的“五微共享、五联共治”基层党建引领社会治理的探索。系统阐述“五微”“五联”的基本内涵,总结出其在职能定位、结构优化、机制整合和赋权保障方面的经验做法,并进一步探索现代化社区建设中党建智能化与社会治理深度融合的启示,具有较强的现实意义和借鉴价值。     

农业农村部 中央网络安全和信息化委员会办公室关于印发《数字农业农村发展规划(2019-2025年)》的通知农规发[2019]33号

各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市农业农村(农牧)厅(委、局),网信办,新疆生产建设兵团农业农村局、网信办:为贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见》《乡村振兴战略规划(2018—2022年)》《数字乡村发展战略纲要》,加快推进农业农村生产经营精准化、管理服务智能化、乡村治理数字化.     

国家治理视域下制度现代化的理念塑造

自党的十九届四中全会以来,有关“中国之治”的探讨业已成为学术热点。作为一种新型国家治理体系,“中国之治”的本质就在于充分发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势并转化为治理效能,不断推进国家治理现代化。制度现代化是国家治理现代化的实质与路径依赖,推进国家治理现代化,必须加强制度现代化建设,核心是确立正确的制度现代化价值取向,树立和强化制度人民化、制度民主化、制度法治化、制度公正化、制度科学化、制度合理化、制度协同化、制度公开化、制度稳定化、制度可行化等十大理念。     

疫情危机下社会大众意见治理反思

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生以来,社会舆论纷繁复杂,在一定程度上影响了疫情防控工作的进行。同时,社会大众意见趋于分裂,将对我国治理体系和治理能力构成较大挑战。疫情危机下,社会意见治理应从三个方面入手,即保障公民言论自由,规范言论行为,壮大高扬主流思想舆论。在保障言论自由、区别对待不同意见、社会合力治理原则指导下,形成规范社会言论行为以进行“治”、壮大抗疫主流思想舆论以进行“理”的社会意见治理思路,以期较为客观全面地缓解社会疫情意见压力,在社会舆论场域弘扬主旋律,为打赢疫情防控阻击战提供良好的舆论环境,减少舆情次生危害。     

社会主义国家的治理之路

“治理”一词,古已有之。20世纪八九十年代以来,“治理”作为一个学术词汇和专业用语被广泛使用。社会主义思想与治理思维在逻辑上相契合,无产阶级思想家的思想展现了明显的治理思维。在取得巨大成就的同时,一些前社会主义国家长期存在严重的干部官僚主义、主观主义、命令主义、特权主义和群众的积极性、能动性、责任感不强等问题。由于治理思维缺失,它们虽然采取了改进工作方法和工作作风等举措,但始终无法从根本上解决治理问题,反而造成了治理和管理错位及“增层化”的结果,建起了一个假大空金字塔体系。而中国则在治理方面不断探索,在公司治理领域取得了丰硕的成果。社会主义国家只有走治理之路,才能打破一些前社会主义国家那样的国家治理上的治乱循环,实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。     

为“中国之治”贡献学术力量

当今世界正经历百年未有之大变局,我国正处于实现中华民族伟大复兴关键时期。站在“两个一百年”奋斗目标的历史交汇点上,党的十九届四中全会审议通过了《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称“《决定》”),为坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治...     

从“摆平”到“治理”：新时代社会矛盾纠纷多元化解机制建立的顶层逻辑和实践之维

党中央高度重视基层社会稳定。党的十八大以来,我国探索建立了社会矛盾纠纷多元化解机制。这对维护社会稳定发挥了重要作用,实现了从“粗糙摆平”到“精致治理”的社会矛盾纠纷治理转型,体现了国家治理理念的深刻变化。本文从顶层设计的角度阐释新时代社会矛盾纠纷多元化解机制建立的目标,并通过该机制运行的地方实践,呈现党的十八大以来我国社会治理的总体脉络,为进一步建设成熟和稳定的社会治理体系提供理论支撑和实践依据。     

德国社会医疗保险治理体制机制的经验与启示

德国社会医疗保险制度有130多年的历史,该制度在总体绩效方面受到世界卫生组织的好评,这与它完善的治理体制密不可分。本文将德国社会医疗保险总结为政府治理和社会治理相结合的治理体系,政府治理的边界只是在一个与时俱进的法制框架下进行政策执行和必要的监管,而保费的收支、医疗服务的供给数量与质量、医疗费用控制的具体事务等则由社会治理机制来完成。社会治理的主体主要是疾病基金协会和医疗服务各主体的协会,不同的利益主体通过平等、公开透明的博弈和协商最终达成政府卫生政策目标。目前中国医疗保险领域各方利益日益冲突,在政府要求完善国家治理体系、提升治理能力的背景下,学习和借鉴德国的经验具有现实意义。     

“Hybrid Governance” and the Politics of Legitimacy in the Myanmar Peace Process

This article examines competing claims to political legitimacy and sovereignty in Myanmar’s conflict-affected areas of “limited statehood.” In the context of ceasefires and an emerging peace process since 2012, non-state-controlled “liberated zones” and areas of mixed insurgent and government authority constitute new political spaces, where multiple state and para-state actors demonstrate governance authority, extract resources and provide services to local communities. This article explores the dynamics and implications of these developments with reference to the emerging literatures on “rebel rulers” and “hybrid governance,” and examines the practices of donors and aid agencies operating in these areas. I argue that external actors seeking to “think and work politically” should move beyond standard peace-building and development packages based on strengthening the state, and adopt more conflict and context-sensitive approaches. Effective state building should take account of governance structures and service delivery functions established by ethnic armed organisations, which although under-resourced enjoy significant political legitimacy.     

Bright Lights,Big Cities? Metropolisation,Intergovernmental Relations,and the New Federal Urban Policy in Switzerland

Disparities between increasing urban economic power and cities' limited political autonomy have put pressure on intergovernmental relations in many countries. Some authors have claimed that this process leads to a strengthening of the position of cities with respect to higher state levels such as regions or the nation state. The aim of this article is to test this hypothesis for the case of Switzerland. In the first part, we show that, due to the existing intergovernmental framework, the current dynamics of urbanisation (which we describe as “metropolization”) have produced specific problems for governance in Swiss urban areas: spillovers in the distribution of costs and benefits, new political cleavages between core cities and surrounding communes, as well as increasing autonomy conflicts between cities and cantons. In the second part, we argue that initiatives taken in order to tackle these issues of urban governance have contributed to transforming Swiss federalism. “Politikverflechtung” is increasing in urban areas. In particular, the new federal urban policy has introduced a new vertical dimension of co‐operation between cities, cantons and the Confederation. Although Swiss cities have gained new influence in the process, we conclude that cantons still hold the key position. Therefore, like other federalist countries, Switzerland has not experienced a considerable strengthening of urban governments with respect to higher levels. Nevertheless, current developments in this area can be seen as a move away from the hierarchical pattern of co‐operative federalism towards a more heterarchical pattern of multi‐level governance in Swiss intergovernmental relations.     

俄罗斯网络空间治理 ——以互联网政治为视角

随着信息技术的发展和广泛应用,互联网成为人们互动的特殊空间,民众表达社会情绪、产生多元舆论的新场所,对传统政治形成新挑战。2011年以来,俄罗斯互联网快速发展,互联网政治给俄罗斯传统政治带来的挑战致使俄罗斯网络空间治理的形势愈加严峻;2018年12月俄罗斯在刻赤海峡与乌克兰发生冲突后被要挟断网,该事件使俄罗斯深刻地认识到没有网络安全就没有国家安全。在此背景下,为有效应对国内外互联网安全出现的挑战,俄罗斯政府采取战略战术相结合的思路,从顶层设计入手,借助完善法律法规、管理机制等多种手段,构建出较为完备的互联网空间治理体系。俄罗斯互联网空间的治理手段主次鲜明、有管有控,其在互联网治理理念以及管理方式上具有独到之处,值得深入研究,具有借鉴意义。未来,俄罗斯将继续从立法、技术和国际合作三个层面解决治理困境,有效规避互联网政治对国家安全带来的消极影响。     

The securitization of cyberspace governance in Singapore

ABSTRACT

Drawing from securitization theory and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this article examines how the Singaporean government has “securitized” cyberspace governance. It contributes value-add to the existing literature on securitization theory by evaluating the specific backgrounds and preexisting beliefs that securitizing actors bring with them to the securitization process. Taking the case of Singapore, this paper focuses on the military elites turned civilian politicans and policymakers that have been tasked with cyberspace governance. A discourse analysis shows how terminologies describing cyberspace as an “existential” issue and key personnel appointments with significant military backgrounds reflect the prevalance of military elites, terminologies, strategies that have become embedded within domestic cybersecurity governance structures. The use of military-style concepts such as “digital ranges” and “war games” in Singapore mirrors global financial industry trends where military-derived terminology has become widespread in preparing for cyber-attacks on critical information infrastructure. Two key focus areas of cyberspace governance are evaluated: online content regulation of Internet and social media networks, and legislation to protect critical information infrastructure. The paper concludes by discussing a range of concerns raised by the target “audience” of securitization processes, such as civil society and information infrastructure providers.     

World Market Regionalism at the Asian Development Bank

Accounts of the “new regionalism” two decades ago identified a growing trend towards co-ordinated state action at the regional level in pursuit of both security and political economy concerns – new in terms of its “bottom-up” character, post-Cold War logic, heterogeneous focus, and relation to globalisation. More recently, proponents of “regulatory regionalism” have suggested that regional projects reshape and transform states themselves. This article identifies an emerging “world market regionalism,” within which regions are addressed in terms of their position within the world market, and regional projects are strategically oriented towards the “completion of the world market” in its dual aspect as expansion of trade and transformation of social relations of production. The focus is on the purposive transformation of the region in pursuit of global competitiveness. A detailed account is given of such a project of world market regionalism developed over the last two decades at the Asian Development Bank. It is aimed at transforming the region, and individual states within it, into a space contributory to a wider global project aimed at “completing the world market” and transforming both the social relations of production and individual attitudes and behaviour.     

柬埔寨艾滋病治理成效及其原因评析

作为典型的弱小国家,柬埔寨在艾滋病治理上为世界树立了一个重要的榜样。经过20多年的努力,柬埔寨的艾滋病治理取得了显著的成效,主要表现在:艾滋病感染率大大降低,每年新增艾滋病感染人数大幅减少,艾滋病患者接受治疗的比例不断提升。取得这种成效的原因首先是柬埔寨政府对于艾滋病的安全化定位与实践,树立了政府治理的决心与魄力;其次是非政府组织对艾滋病治理的积极参与,奠定了艾滋病治理的社会基础;最后是国际社会的援助为柬埔寨艾滋病治理提供了强大的动力。这三个因素构成了柬埔寨艾滋病治理取得显著成效的三驾马车。     

全面从严治党视域下党的制度建设研究

党的十八大以来,制度建设贯穿政治立党、思想建党、组织管党、作风兴党、纪律治党和反腐败斗争全过程,党的制度建设成效卓著。其中,坚决做到"两个维护"是制度建设的纲和魂;推进作风建设是制度建设的开篇之作和重要内容;严肃党内政治生活是制度建设的重要抓手;完善责任体系、强化党内监督是制度建设的重要保障;加强纪律建设是制度建设的根本途径。党的制度建设的生动实践形成了前瞻性和规划性、针对性和时代性、系统性和配套性、时效性和可操作性、实践性和理论性等十个鲜明特点;彰显了"七个统一"的重要原则,即:坚持政治统领和人民中心相统一、坚持高标准和守底线相统一、坚持明确责任和狠抓落实相统一、坚持问题导向和深化改革相统一、坚持日常监督和长期监督相统一、坚持党内监督和法律监督相统一、坚持惩治昏懒庸贪和鼓励担当作为相统一。这对新时代推进制度治党,推进全面从严治党向纵深发展,提升党的治国理政效能具有深刻启示。     

习近平关于风险防范重要论述的基本内涵及时代特征

习近平关于风险防范的重要论述是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的重要组成部分,是对当前国际国内风险动荡源和风险点日益增多的敏锐观察和理论创新。这一重要论述具有丰富的基本内涵,主要包括“居安思危”的风险意识观、“具有先手”的风险准备观、“守土尽责”的风险责任观、“驾驭风险”的风险本领观、“敢于斗争”的风险意志观、“健全机制”的风险实践观。这些基本内涵具有实事求是的理论品格、强烈的问题导向、辩证的底线思维、高瞻远瞩和统揽全局的战略思维等鲜明时代特征。新时代背景下,我们党要主动践行习近平关于风险防范重要论述的相关内容,把马克思主义作为看家本领,全面提升防范风险能力,汇聚广大民众磅礴之力,补齐风险防范“短板”,建立健全体制机制,发挥制度威力,为打赢重大风险防范攻坚战、全面建成小康社会,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化保驾护航。