用荧光抗体法作血痕的种属鉴定

血痕的种属鉴定,最早是应用抗人血清作环状沉淀试验,后来使用特异性更好的抗人血红蛋白沉淀素血清替代抗人血清作各种沉淀试验.此外,还有应用抗人球蛋白消耗试验、间接血凝试验法、胶乳载体试验法.近来,随着免疫学实验技术的发展,应用酶联免疫技术等检测人血液中各种特异组分作血痕的种属鉴识.本文使用荧光标记抗体检测人血痕中的IgG组分,作人血和动物血的鉴别,取得较好结果,现将实验报告如下:     

抗人精液血清特异性的研究

确证精斑常用抗人精液血清作沉淀反应。这种抗血清特异性差,常与人类某些体液发生交叉反应,以致精斑确证试验结果不可靠,影响鉴定结果的准确性。作者用人类精子、精浆、精液与人类精浆特异性抗原p30分别免疫家兔,制备各种抗血清,用环状沉淀、琼脂双向扩散及免疫电泳等技术对这些抗血清的特异性进行了研究,报道如下。     

用人血清-唾液-初乳斑痕吸收免疫抗血清制备特异性抗人精液血清

本研究采用人血清-唾液-初乳混合液斑痕吸收抗人精液免疫血清,以消除抗血清的外器官特异性交叉反应。吸收后的抗人精液血清,仅和人精液及附睾和前列腺组织提取液发生反应,和人血清、唾液、初乳、阴道分泌液及尿液等5种人类体液分泌液及22种人体组织浸取液无交叉免疫反应;和8种动物精液也无交叉反应,具有良好的器官及种属特异性。获得的抗血清清亮透明,效价高。血清吸收方法简便易行,成本低,易于普及推广。     

为您服务

本所现有自制抗A血清干粉,抗B血清干粉,免抗人全血清,兔抗人血红蛋白血清和兔抗人精液血清,可供同道们使用.需要者可来人或来函洽谈.如需特殊抗血清可协商进行研制,本所愿竭诚为您服务.     

分泌抗人精子单克隆抗体的鼠—鼠杂交瘤

<正> 为了获得可用于检验性犯罪案件中人类精斑所需的特异性抗人精液血清,我们建立了生产抗人精子单克隆抗体(SMAB)的杂交瘤技术。将BALB/C小鼠的Sp2/o-Ag14骨髓瘤细胞与用洗涤人精子免疫的BALB/C小鼠脾细胞融合。192个融合孔中,171孔有杂交瘤细胞生     

抗人红细胞凝集素血清的应用研究

本文通过吸收抑制试验证明了抗人血红蛋白沉淀素血清中存在的那种能凝集人类红细胞的凝集素,实际上就是用人的红细胞免疫家兔而产生的抗人红细胞凝集素.为考察抗人红细胞凝集素血清对血痕种属的鉴识能力,本文用此抗血清作解离试验,对不同稀释度的新鲜人血痕、室内存放的久暂不一的人血痕和15种动物血痕进行了检测.得到的结果是,新鲜人血痕稀释至1/1000仍呈阳性;500例室内存放的人血痕中,存放时间在11年以下的448例全部能够准确测出;存放12-16年的52例人血痕中,有33例能够测出,余19例呈阴性;15种动物血痕全部呈阴性.     

特异性抗人白蛋白血清制备

用乙基乙酰胺修饰的人血清白蛋白吸收免抗人白蛋白血清,可制威特异性极高的抗人白蛋白血清。用该血清和三氯化铬、人血清白蛋白包被的O型红细胞作指示细胞,做凝集抑制试验,能区别人血(斑)和包括灵长类在内的各种动物血(斑)。     

用人的纯化血红蛋白制备特异性抗血清的研究

鉴于用人的溶血液免疫动物制备的抗人血红蛋白血清特异性差,作者改用人的纯化血红蛋白免疫动物,制备出了效价和特异性都高得多的抗人血红蛋白血清。     

各种抗血清制品的购置与保存

法医物证检验中的血清制品是由全血、细胞、血清及各种试剂经过一定技术处理制作而产生的,常用的有:抗人精血清、抗人Hb血清、抗动物血清以及各种单克隆抗体等,这些血清不仅适用于各大中城市的法医技术部门,也适用于区县局条件设备较差的法医技术部门.在历年来的检验案件过程中都发挥了重要的作用,实际工作中各种血清制品的购置与保存关系到抗体的有效使用,直接影响物证检验的结果,近年来,公安部物证鉴     

HLA 及其在法医学上的应用

HLA 是迄今人类最复杂的遗传多态性系统,其在法医学上的应用,包括亲子鉴定和个人识别的重要性日益被认识。作者等对血痕、血清和唾液的 HLA 测定的研究结果证明:(1)血痕中存在较强的抗补体作用。应用淋巴细胞毒抑制试验测定血痕的 HLA 时,增加补体用量可使测定的正确率达100%,经90天的血痕仍能完全正确检出 HLA 型。(2)血清的 HLA 测定是可行的,这对远道送检血清及尸体血清测定 HLA 有一定价值。(3)唾液中有可溶性 HLA 抗原存在。     

Identification of human semenogelin in membrane strip test as an alternative method for the detection of semen

Semenogelin (Sg), a protein originating in the seminal vesicles and a substrate for prostate specific antigen (PSA or p30), is a useful marker for the identification of semen. And detection of Sg has been available commercially in a membrane test recently. PSA is commonly used to detect semen in forensic significant samples taken from sexual assault cases. The strip PSA test has been available commercially from various manufacturers for many years. In this study, we evaluated two immunochromatographic membrane tests, one for Sg and the other for PSA by analyzing human semen, other human bodily fluids/materials including urine, blood, saliva, sweat, breast milk, vaginal secretion and fecal materials, semen from various animals and forensic casework samples. The data demonstrate that both Sg and PSA strip tests provide rapid and sensitive method for identification of seminal plasma. These results show that the immunochromatographic method for Sg detection is useful for the identification of seminal plasma in forensic samples, an alternative to the method for PSA detection.     

A screening method for urinary methamphetamine--latex agglutination inhibition reaction test

Methamphetamine in urine samples from abusers was detected by the latex agglutination inhibition reaction test with latex-antibody (Latex-Ab) and latex-methamphetamine (Latex-MA) reagents. Anti-methamphetamine antibody was produced in rabbits by immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methamphetamine conjugate. Latex particles were coated with antibodies or with rabbit serum albumin (RSA)-methamphetamine conjugate to obtain Latex-Ab and Latex-MA reagents, respectively. The results are read at 4-5 min after mixing the latex reagents. The sensitivity of this method for methamphetamine was 0.4 micrograms/ml urine. Methamphetamine analogs (methylephedrine, amphetamine, phentermine, methoxyphenamine, ephedrine, beta-phenylethylamine, OH-methamphetamine, OH-amphetamine, and OH-ephedrine) all cross-react in varying degrees, while glucosiurea and albuminurea give false positive results in the tests. Though attention must be paid to these effects this simple and rapid test is suitable for the mass screening of urine samples.     

Comparative study of the sensitivity and specificity of the zinc and acid phosphatase spot tests for the detection of seminal stains

The sensitivity and specificity of a zinc spot test for the detection of semen were compared with those of an acid phosphatase detection method. As screening techniques both tests were found to be very sensitive, but the zinc test was more specific and was more reliable in older and especially in deteriorated specimens. It is concluded that the zinc spot test deserves at least the same place as the acid phosphatase test in the primary investigation of suspected semen stains and might well be the test of choice in older and poorly preserved stains.     

Immunologic characterization of human seminal leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and its medicolegal use

A new method for identification of seminal stains is described, based on the immunologic demonstration of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), which is extremely abundant in human semen and specific for the prostate as well as semen. An antiserum against human seminal plasma was obtained by repeated immunization of rabbits with seminal plasma and Freund's adjuvant. Ouchterlony's double immunodiffusion test and Culliford's precipitin electrophoresis were performed to demonstrate specific proteins of seminal plasma. LAP activity was visualized with L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide as substrate and with Fast Garnet GBC as coupler. The immunologic analysis of LAP produced two precipitin lines with enzyme activity. One was observed in kidney, jejunum, pancreas, prostate, as well as in semen, and was completely absorbed with kidney homogenates. The other was found only in semen and the prostate and was not absorbed with kidney homogenates. When the anti-seminal plasma serum absorbed with the kidney was used, the semen-specific LAP could be demonstrated by precipitin electrophoresis only in seminal stains stored for up to 2 months, whereas it was not demonstrated in stains from other human body fluids. By means of precipitin electrophoresis the detection of the semen-specific LAP was possible at semen dilutions of up to 1:32. The method described here greatly enhances the value of semen identification and is quite recommendable for the examination of stains in medico-legal practice.     

高效价鸡抗人精液血清的制备和应用

本文介绍一种制备高效价鸡抗人精血清的方法。给10只2kg 以上的公鸡同时静脉和肌肉注射5～10％混合人精液7～8次,获得特异性很强,效价达50,000倍左右的抗血清。通过实验和检案证明,对由于腐败污染、水浸或水洗而含微量精斑的检材,均能检出。     

用双抗夹心间接ELISA方法检测p30确证人类精斑

检测p30确证精斑有下列几种方法:免疫扩散,免疫电泳,交叉免疫电泳,胶乳凝集抑制试验,薄层免疫分析和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA).这些方法各有优缺点,就灵敏度而论,则以     

Detection of human hemoglobin A (HbA) and human hemoglobin F (HbF) in biological stains by microtiter latex agglutination-inhibition test.

This paper describes the detection of human HbA and human HbF antigens in bloodstains by an antibody-absorption test. In the test, antisera to human HbA or HbF were absorbed with biological stains, then the antibodies with decreased capacities for agglutination were titrated by a microtiter technique using latex particles coated with the corresponding antigens. This test was proved to be specific, sensitive and reproducible. The indicator latex particles coated with human HbA or HbF could be stored at -70 degrees C for over 10 years.     

用酶免疫斑点法快速检测精浆特异蛋白P_(30)鉴定人精斑

作者用自制的辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗精浆特异蛋白P_(30) 单克隆抗体,建立了简便快速检测精斑中P_(30) 鉴定人精斑的斑点法。通过颜色变化判定结果,阳性为紫蓝色斑点,阴性为无色。结果表明,仅人类精斑和前列腺浸液出现阳性斑点,人体其他体液及组织器官浸液均为阴性。对动物血、精斑也无交叉反应。标定精斑稀释到1600倍亦可得到阳性结果。     

Developmental validation of RSID™-Semen: a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test for the forensic detection of human semen

Abstract: Tests for the identification of semen commonly involve the microscopic visualization of spermatozoa or assays for the presence of seminal markers such as acid phosphatase (AP) or prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). Here, we describe the rapid stain identification kit for the identification of semen (RSID?‐Semen), a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test that uses two antihuman semenogelin monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of semenogelin. The RSID?‐Semen strip is specific for human semen, detecting <2.5 nL of semen, and does not cross‐react with other human or nonhuman tissues tested. RSID?‐Semen is more sensitive with certain forensic evidence samples containing mixtures of vaginal secretions and semen than either of the commercially available PSA‐based forensic semen detection tests or tests that measure AP activity that were tested in parallel. The RSID?‐Semen kit also allows sampling a fraction of a questioned stain while retaining the majority of the sample for further processing through short tandem repeat analysis.     

ELISA检测精浆特异蛋白P_(30)鉴定人精斑

<正> 1978年美国Sensabaugh分离出精浆特异蛋白P30,并成功的制备出相应的抗P30血清。1987年我国也研制出抗人精浆特异蛋白P30血清,并应用该种抗血清建立了几种琼脂扩散和电泳方法鉴定人精斑。由于人精液中P30含量不高,平均为1.52±0.676mg/ml,鉴定微量精斑存在困难。为了更有效的提高方法的灵敏度。我们建立了鉴定微量人精斑的ELISA固相P30抗体法,现报告如下。