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影响allo-HSCT受者DNA嵌合率的因素有很多:如受者的疾病类型、移植前预处理方案、移植时病情的严重程度、造血干细胞来源、局部的GVHD、HLA是否相合等。本文主要讨论与法医学关系最为密切的2个影响因素,即移植后时间和检测方法的灵敏度。法医物证学工作者在检案实践中,对allo-HSCT受者进行亲权鉴定或个体识别时,需注意移植后时间和检测方法的灵敏度对嵌合率的影响。女性受者接受男性供者HSCT的情况下,受者毛囊中可以检出供者Y染色体DNA,检案实践中来源于犯罪现场的生物检材不能仅仅检测Y染色体特异遗传标记,以免导致错误判断。 相似文献
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为了解澳大利亚司法鉴定技术发展现状,借鉴澳大利亚鉴定机构的发展理念、优势技术和鉴定管理等经验,司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所组织法医毒物学、法医病理学、法医临床学、司法鉴定质量控制等学科的专家及司法鉴定管理人员对澳大利亚五个司法鉴定机构进行了考察访问。通过交流,对澳大利亚司法鉴定的基本概况、组织结构、质量控制等有了基本了解,对各司法鉴定专业尤其是法医毒物学、法医病理学、临床法医学的鉴定技术及科研现状有了深刻的认识。 相似文献
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笔者多年从事法医临床鉴定工作,现就损伤分析在法医临床鉴定中的应用与同行探讨。1损伤形态与鉴定在法医临床鉴定中常见的损伤形态是皮肤的创口形态和骨骼骨折的形态。1.1皮肤创口形态创是致伤物或外力作用于皮肤组织造成皮肤及以下组织解剖学结构完整性破坏的结果,其表现形式 相似文献
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正笔者多年从事法医临床鉴定工作,现就损伤分析在法医临床鉴定中的应用与同行探讨。1损伤形态与鉴定在法医临床鉴定中常见的损伤形态是皮肤的创口形态和骨骼骨折的形态。1.1皮肤创口形态创是致伤物或外力作用于皮肤组织造成皮肤及以下组织解剖学结构完整性破坏的结果,其表现形式 相似文献
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鉴定意见准确是高质量法医精神病鉴定的必然要求。然而,法医精神病鉴定是由鉴定人来实施的,在鉴定过程中,鉴定人需要进行一系列判断和识别,鉴定意见是鉴定人一系列识别和判断的结果。探讨法医精神病鉴定中鉴定人识别和判断活动的特征,并结合信号检测论所揭示的人进行识别和判断活动的心理学规律,探讨法医精神病鉴定意见准确性的影响因素,以及由信号检测论所揭示的规律对于正确认识法医精神病鉴定的准确性、提高法医精神病鉴定质量的指导价值和意义。 相似文献
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法医鉴定是刑事技术鉴定中的重要组成部分 ,包括法医病理学检验鉴定、法医临床学检验鉴定、法医毒理学检验鉴定、法医物证学检验鉴定等。近年来 ,法医鉴定技术在我国有了快速的发展。但随着我国法制化的不断加强 ,人们法制意识的不断提高 ,尤其是新刑事诉讼法颁布实施及加入WTO后 ,我国现行鉴定制度的弊端日益显露出来 ,如法医鉴定人水平良莠不齐、缺乏统一有效的监督和管理等等 ,法医学鉴定中各种原因引发的纠纷不断增多。本文作者通过数年的法医实践工作 ,总结出了法医鉴定纠纷产生的各个环节和因素 ,并从提高鉴定人综合素质的角度出发 … 相似文献
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伤情鉴定工作是现阶段法医鉴定工作中的难题,对案件的双方当事人都有较大影响,直接影响到法院的量刑尺度和当事人的经济利益。因此,从根本上提高司法伤情鉴定质量是目前我国司法伤情鉴定机构的首要任务,各地方公安机关的法医刑事鉴定机构在承担繁重工作任务的同时,也肩负着社会公平的重要责任。在此,本文首先阐述了公安机关法医伤情鉴定工作的现状,并在此基础上提出了公安机关法医伤情鉴定工作的对策,以提高我市公安机关法医伤情鉴定的工作实效性。 相似文献
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导致死亡发生的疾病、暴力或衰老等因素即为死亡原因,简称"死因"。确定死因是法医病理学的首要任务,然而在法医实践中,死因鉴定错误时有发生[1],造成不良社会影响[2-3]。对于死因鉴定错误的案例,国内外以个案报道为主,缺乏对鉴定错误成因的系统分析。机械性窒息是法医实践中常见的死因,尸体征象表现为颜面部发绀、瘀点性出血和器官淤血等,称为窒息征象。其不具有特异性,不同尸体变化较大,与窒息相关的案例容易产生误判。本文选取某地经办的3例窒息相关死因鉴定前后不符的案件进行纠错分析,为避免死因鉴定错误提供参考。 相似文献
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随着社会的发展以及人们的观念越来越先进化,法医这个职业也慢慢的受到了人们的普遍关注。但是,也存在一些人对法医的工作不了解,对法医临床鉴定细节问题的重要性不够重视。法医的临床鉴定在处理法律案件、医学以及其他方面显示出了独特的作用。本文将从四大方面解读法医临床鉴定细节问题,解开法医工作者的神秘面纱,让法医临床鉴定这个学科,这个职业更加的大众化,让人们对法医临床鉴定细节问题有个深刻的认识。 相似文献
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Pinckard JK Wetli CV Graham MA;National Association of Medical Examiners 《The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology》2007,28(3):202-207
The medical examiner community plays a key role in the organ and tissue procurement process for transplantation. Since many, if not most, potential organ or tissue donors fall under medicolegal jurisdiction, the medical examiner bears responsibility to authorize or deny the procurement of organs or tissues on a case-by-case basis. This responsibility engenders a basic dichotomy for the medical examiner's decision-making process. In cases falling under his/her jurisdiction, the medical examiner must balance the medicolegal responsibility centered on the decedent with the societal responsibility to respect the wishes of the decedent and/or next of kin to help living patients. Much has been written on this complex issue in both the forensic pathology and the transplantation literature. Several studies and surveys of medical examiner practices, as well as suggested protocols for handling certain types of cases, are available for reference when concerns arise that procurement may potentially hinder medicolegal death investigation. It is the position of the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) that the procurement of organs and/or tissues for transplantation can be accomplished in virtually all cases, without detriment to evidence collection, postmortem examination, determination of cause and manner of death, or the conducting of criminal or civil legal proceedings. The purpose of this position paper is to review the available data, the arguments for and against medical examiner release, and to encourage the release of organs and tissues in all but the rarest of circumstances. 相似文献
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Entomotoxicology is a relatively new branch of forensic entomology. The potential use of insects for detecting drugs and other toxins in decomposing tissues has been widely demonstrated. In death investigations, Diptera and other arthropods can be reliable alternate specimens for toxicological analyses in the absence of tissues and fluids normally taken for such purposes. Entomotoxicology also investigates the effects caused by drugs and toxins on arthropod development in order to assist the forensic postmortem interval estimates. However, several remarks on the limitations of entomotoxicology have been highlighted recently. In this paper, the implications for the practice of this forensic procedure are fully reviewed. 相似文献
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Donald J. Johnson M.S. Learden K. Matthies M.S. Katherine A. Roberts Ph.D. Beatrice Crofts Yorker J.D. R.N. M.S. F.A.A.N. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2010,55(6):1430-1436
Abstract: Abortion specimens are often submitted to forensic laboratories as the only piece of physical evidence in rape and incest cases. The recovery of conceptus tissues from this evidence permits the use of paternity testing to evaluate suspects. In cases of abandoned newborns, the recovery of maternal tissue from the placenta allows for the direct comparison of genetic profiles between the suspected mother and the biological mother. We report on the identification and isolation of conceptus tissues from embryonic‐ and fetal‐period abortions, and maternal tissues from delivered placentas, by gross and low‐magnification examination with manual dissection. Hundreds of single‐source samples have been successfully recovered by this method and short tandem repeat typed using standard forensic procedures. We additionally describe extraembryonic tissues that can be recovered and typed in the absence of the embryo proper. We conclude that an expertise and protocols can be developed by forensic laboratories for the routine analysis of this evidence. 相似文献
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DNA甲基化在组织/体液来源鉴定中的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对可疑生物样本的组织/体液进行来源鉴别是重建犯罪现场、推断犯罪性质等侦查活动中极为重要的一环。对表观遗传学理论的研究证明运用基因组中存在的组织特异性DNA甲基化差异位点(t DMRs)可以对组织/体液进行来源鉴别。本文旨在通过对近年来DNA甲基化在法医学领域用于鉴定人体组织/体液来源方面的研究成果进行阐述,试图用所得到的信息来分析DNA甲基化作为一种组织/体液鉴定遗传学标记的可能性、优劣点及其应用价值和发展前景,以期能为法医工作者的相关研究及实践提供参考。 相似文献
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The Diagnostic Value of Quantitative Assessment of Diatom Test for Drowning: An Analysis of 128 Water‐related Death Cases using Microwave Digestion‐Vacuum Filtration‐Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy 下载免费PDF全文
Jian Zhao B.D. Chao Liu M.D. Ph.D. Adham Sameer A. Bardeesi M.D. Yeda Wu M.D. Yanbing Ma M.D. Sunlin Hu Ph.D. He Shi B.D. Jianding Cheng M.D. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(6):1638-1642
The value of diatom test for the diagnosis of drowning remains controversial. The conventional forensic diatom test with low sensitivity is not a useful tool to provide accurate information about diatom in the tissues and organs. To improve the sensitivity of the diatom test, we developed a novel method called the Microwave Digestion‐Vacuum Filtration‐Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy (MD‐VF‐Auto SEM) method which resulted in a high recovery of diatoms. In this article, we analyzed 128 water‐related death cases. Our results showed that the MD‐VF‐Auto SEM method could achieve a much higher positive rate (0.97) in drowning cases. Large amounts of diatoms are retained, even concentrated, in the lung tissues during the intense breathing movement in drowning process. This might be useful for the diagnosis of drowning. Our research indicates that the MD‐VF‐Auto SEM method would be a valuable methodology in the study of diatom test for the forensic community. 相似文献