一种用于刑事案件现场处置与勘验的踏板式鞋子

目前,承担着我国各类刑事案件现场前期处置与勘验任务的公安机关派出所或巡逻民警以及各级技术民警,在接案后先期进入具有硬质地面的室内或室外现场实施排险、人员转救等应急处置工作时,往往直接着鞋实施,造成了现场地面足迹的杂乱和物证的大量破坏。     

公安机关在处置群体性事件中的地位与作用

公安机关在处置群体性事件中不能大包大揽，也不能无所作为；公安机：关的性质和群体性事件的特征决定了公安机关在处置群体性事件中处于主力军的地位；公安机关在处置群体性事件中应当起到预防作用、参谋作用、劝说疏导作用、维护现场秩序和控制事件发展作用、平息事态作用、收集证据和打击违法犯罪作用，以及保护党政领导人身安全的作用。     

公安机关处置群体性事件指挥程序研究

在群体性事件的处置研究中,贴近实战、定位于现场公安指挥员指挥程序的研究尚不多见。基于处置指挥程序在群体性事件处置实践和理论中极其重大的应用价值,群体性事件的一般处置指挥程序包括信息搜集研判与处置指令生成。     

社会稳定问题中的群体性治安事件研究

群体性治安事件，是扰乱社会秩序，危害公共安全，侵犯公民人身安全和公私财产安全的行为。当前的群体性治安事件，已经成为影响和制约社会稳定和经济发展的重要因素。在多数情况下，经济因素是群体性治安事件导火线。但是，有时政治因素也起到了推波助澜的作用。其形成和发展有着复杂的过程，先期处置科学合理，就能够尽快平息事态。     

利益表达视角下对群体性事件现场处置方面的若干思考

我国的改革开放政策使得国家的政治、经济、文化等领域都发生了巨大的变化。社会结构的调整产生了利益对立的阶层,社会控制、管理机制运转不灵都必然会引发群体性事件发生频度和强度。因此,群体性事件频发是社会矛盾在新形势下的综合反映,是各个群体利益冲突的现实体现,是集社会因素、政治因素和经济因素等综合影响的结果。本文首先就群体性事件进行界定分析了群体性事件的特征及其类型,然后对群体性事件现场处置进行阐述,分析了其功能与作用,最后在群体性事件的现状与群体性事件现场处置的分析基础上,提出了我国群体性事件现场处置的构建的有关建议。     

治理警力被滥用的关键在政府

公安部部长孟建柱指出，在处置群体性事件中，要坚持“三个慎用”（慎用警力、慎用武器警械、慎用强制措施），坚决防止因用警不当、定位不准、处置不妥而激化矛盾，坚决防止发生流血伤亡事件。这是对近期发生的群体性事件教训的深刻总结。滥用警力，不仅不能化解矛盾，而且使矛盾尖锐激化，甚至有些事件本来不是问题，就是由于警察的不当介入，反而使矛盾升级，演变成了群体性事件。而从我们国家的性质看，警察是国家机器的组成部分，它的职能是保护人民，打击犯罪，决不可以成为打击人民群众的“武装力量”。     

以开放思维处置群体性事件的现实探讨

本文认为,从我国群体性事件发展变化的趋势出发,从政府部门处置群体性事件的现实得失衡量,政府部门要适应新形势下处置群体性事件的工作需要,就必须将开放思维引入工作之中,坚持以开放思维更新工作观念、创新工作方式,从而全面提高政府部门处置新时期群体性事件的工作能力和水平。     

公安机关处理群体性事件的问题与对策

在新的社会形势下我国进入群体性事件高发时期。公安机关在处置群体性事件中扮演重要角色,但日常工作中存在的警察权异化及对紧急、特殊情况的预防及控制措施不得力,使公安机关处置群体性事件社会效益不高。根据群体性事件发展的新形势,我们应强化对警察权的监督;对特殊紧急情况的预防和处置阶段要做到"发现早、反应快、处置好",使群体性事件的处置取得较好的社会效果。     

处置群体性事件的法律对策研究

在中国，由于处置群体性事件的法律法规不完善等原因，使群体性事件呈现出各种不利于构建和谐社会的复杂特征，从法律的角度对群体性事件进行定性、分类并加以规范，是处置群体性事件的关键所在。     

现场指挥无线高清图像下传系统的架构实现

随着通信技术的不断进步，现场指挥无线图像传输技术在各级公安现场指挥中的应用也将越来越广泛。在处置群体性事件、重大安全事故、自然灾害和恐怖袭击事件等公共安全重大突发性事件中，现场指挥无线图像传输系统将起到积极的作用。     

警察文化软实力建设探析——兼论“任长霞”文化符号

警察文化软实力在警察实力中的重要性越来越突出，警察文化软实力建设要从建构警察精神文化体系入手，形成全体警察的普遍追求和自律，并把握警察文化与社会之间的复杂的动态关系，不断形成新的先进性警察文化，使警察文化始终保持自身的价值和激情。在此基础上借助立体化的传播手段，使警察文化在现实社会中发挥作用，达到提升警察文化软实力的目的。同时要警惕警察文化落后的一面，不断改善警察文化内在素质的构成关系，并且坚持积极对话的姿态，在多元化的文化境遇中保持警察文化的活力。     

Victim's perceptions of initial police responses to robbery and aggravated assault: Does race matter?

Despite the fact that police officers are usually the first persons within the criminal justice system to respond to a criminal victimization, the majority of research investigating racial discrimination within the system has examined primarily the effects of race on adjudication outcomes which occur after initial police interventions, such as conviction decisions and sentences. Very little empirical effort has been devoted to examining the effects of race on early police responses to a reported victimization. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey from 1987 to 1992, this paper investigates the effects of both the victim's and the offender's race on three police responses to robbery and aggravated assault: (1) police response time to the scene, (2) effort exerted by the police at the scene, and (3) likelihood of arrest. It was found that police were quicker to respond and also exerted more effort at the scene such as searching and taking evidence to incidents of black on white robbery compared to all other racial dyads. This relationship held even after controlling for other factors such as victim-offender relationship, poverty, injury to the victim, and victim's gender. No significant effects of race, however, were found when predicting the probability of arrest in cases of robbery. The effects of race on police responses to aggravated assault were more complicated. For assaults involving strangers, police were significantly more likely to exert additional effort at the scene if the victim was white and the offender was perceived to be black. This effect was reversed, however, for nonstranger assault victimizations. Police were significantlyless likely to exert effort at the scene or to make an arrest in black on white assaults involving nonstrangers. The most consistent predictors of arrest in both stranger and nonstranger assault victimizations were police response time, injury to the victim, and the incident occurring in a public setting.     

警察权益保障的立法建议

警察群体是我国诸多机关群体中的重要组成部分。肩负着保卫国家社会安定、人民安居乐业的重要职责。警察权益的保障是提高警察工作积极性的重要前提。更是维系国家执法权威的关键。但目前暴力抗法、暴力袭警等违法犯罪行为严重地侵害了警察的人格权、健康权甚至生命权。本文分析了我国警察权益保障的现状，并结合国外警察权益保障的经验。提出了完善我国警察权益保障的立法建议。     

Measuring Procedural Justice in Police-Citizen Encounters

Procedural justice has dominated recent discussions of police interactions with the public. It has mostly been measured from the perspective of citizens (using surveys or interviews), but several important questions about predictors and outcomes of fair police treatment are best answered using direct observations of police-citizen interactions. Building on prior observational studies, we develop and validate an instrument for measuring procedural justice as it is exercised by the police in the natural setting of their encounters with the public. In doing so, we adopt a “formative” rather than the common “reflective” approach, based on the assumption that specific behaviors that make up procedural justice do not reflect a single underlying construct but rather form one. We justify this approach and validate our instrument accordingly. We also discuss the implications of our measurement for future research on procedural justice in police behavior.     

ARREST FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER ASSAULTS*

We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether a suspect's relationship to an assault victim affects whether the police make an arrest. The results indicate that in cases of minor assaults the police are less likely to make an arrest when the suspect is an intimate partner of the victim than when the suspect is an identifiable stranger. However, the police are not as lenient when the suspect is an intimate partner as they are when the suspect is someone else the victim knows. Intimate partner suspects avoid arrest in part because they are less likely to commit their crimes in front of witnesses. In addition, victims who know the suspect in any way are reluctant to sign complaints, and this reluctance inhibits arrest. Men are less likely than women to sign complaints, particularly when the suspect is a partner.     

Comparing U.S. and European police subcultures: A field study

This article is a satire of sociology and field anthropology research on comparative police behavior; it uses humorous anecdotes to make a serious point. The author argues that until police supervision is undertaken by civilian review boards, police behavior will never conform to community morality despite attempts at police reform. To support this argument, the author compares U.S., German, Italian, Russian, and French police subcultures in an attempt to calculate (a) the correlation between police behavior and its conformity to community morality, and (b) whether a high correlation results from a high degree of civilian oversight. The author concludes that, because no country has appreciable civilian oversight, and because the police of no country conform to community morality, there is therefore a perfect correlation between lack of civilian oversight and lack of police conformity to community morality.     

DRIVING WHILE BLACK: EFFECTS OF RACE,ETHNICITY, AND GENDER ON CITIZEN SELF‐REPORTS OF TRAFFIC STOPS AND POLICE ACTIONS*

Are African‐American men, compared with white men, more likely to report being stopped by police for traffic law violations? Are African‐American men and Hispanic drivers less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and less likely to report that police acted properly? This study answers these questions using citizen self‐reports of their traffic stop encounters with the police. Net of other important explanatory variables, the data indicate that police make traffic stops for Driving While Black and male. In addition, African‐American and Hispanic drivers are less likely to report that police had a legitimate reason for the stop and are less likely to report that police acted properly. The study also discusses the validity of citizen self‐report data and outlines an agenda for future research.     

The specter of racism: exploring White racial anxieties in the context of policing

The connection between policing and whiteness remains an undertheorized area of police studies. In this article, I explore ordinary policing behaviors through the lens of critical whiteness studies in an effort to understand how White police officers actively make, or fail to make, meaning of race in the context of their work. Drawing on ethnographic work with three police departments in the Midwest, I describe the racial anxieties and insecurities White officers express at the possibility of being viewed as engaging in racializing behaviors. Of particular interest is the power of the crime control focus orienting everyday policing practice in displacing attention from the many ways race, and particularly whiteness, matters in policing. I conclude by discussing the implications this line of inquiry holds for making discussions about the role of white privilege in policing more productive.     

论警务战术的理念

理念是学术界目前使用频率较高的一个概念。为了揭示警务战术理念的内涵,从词源学的角度分析了理念的含义。警务战术理念是对警务战术内在规律的认识的集中体现,同时也是对警务战术的看法和持有的基本的态度和观念,并通过警务战术的目标、要求、原则来实现。警务战术的目标就是为了实现执法安全,包括执法安全意识和警务程序意识两方面。警察战术原则指警察在警务活动中必须依法施策、规范设计;加一评估、防控为先;心态平和、弹性处变。