法律公正是构建和谐社会的法治基础

社会公平正义是社会和谐的基本条件,制度是社会公平正义的根本保证。社会不公多与法律制度不公有关。完善法律制度,保证立法公正是维护社会公平正义,实现社会主义和谐社会最基本的制度保障。完善社会主义法律制度必须坚持以人为本的原则,科学立法、民主立法,实现以体现公正价值,体现民众意愿,适应社会发展的良法之治。同时还应该完善违宪审查制度,维护社会主义法制的统一和尊严,树立社会主义法制权威,夯实社会和谐的法治基础。     

中国公民社会进程中社会组织代理人制度正当性分析

中国经济与社会发展在取得巨大成功的同时,深层次的矛盾迭出。在中国式公民社会进程中,社会组织成为经济社会治理的必然选择,是多元化经济社会治理的重要力量。法治进程中法律文化的精神内核要求社会组织代理人制度承载历史使命,其正当性自不待言,其原则设计亦应承续正当性法律文化的要求。     

二○一四年法律年度开启典礼：终审法院首席法官马道立致辞

香港法院应付的工作，反映我们身处的社会的现状。法院所处理形形色色的案件，正正反映了社会各个截然不同的生活层面：经济、政治、社会问题、国际及商业事务。法官和法院的宪制角色，是要将法律引用於这些社会范畴所产生的各种不同情况。我们的法律制度不但让个别纠纷得以解决，更藉案例提供高度明确的法律指引，让社会人士在日常生活和工作上，处事有所依据。     

跨国公司社会责任的法律思考

从法学角度看,跨国公司承担社会责任具有正当合理性。然而,跨国公司在我国履行社会责任的现状却令人担忧。为加强对跨国公司承担社会责任的规制,我国应着力完善相关法律制度。对此,至少应从明确跨国公司社会责任范围、构建有机联系的法律体系、健全监督机制、设置激励机制等方面入手。     

我国社会信用体系建设的法律障碍

完善的信用法律制度是建设社会信用体系的基础和前提。充分认识信用建设试点中的法律障碍 ,对于构建完善的信用法律制度、全面推进我国社会信用体系建设具有十分重要的现实意义。     

制度利益衡量的逻辑

司法审判特别是疑难案件审判往往需要进行利益衡量,其中制度利益的衡量极为关键。制度利益具有现实性、具体性、广泛性等特性。与法律制度构造的类型化相适应,制度利益需要区分内部不同的具体类型进行衡量。在利益衡量时,需要对潜藏于法律制度背后的制度利益作深入剖析,可分为两个步骤:一是理清核心利益;二是以制度涉及的社会广泛性为依据,对制度所涉具体利益作广泛的铺陈与罗列。应当与社会公共利益相协调是制度利益衡量的基准,它提出两个要求:第一,在复数制度中选择妥当制度,避免误入歧途;第二,结合法律情境探寻制度利益,避免利益误判。从功能上讲,制度利益衡量既是牵引法律制度演进的内在动力,又是判断法律制度效力的实质依据。     

社会法论略

<正> 一、社会法与社会政策、社会问题 社会法形成于十九世纪末二十世纪初,它是伴随着市场经济的发展而应运而生的;它在战后得到迅猛发展,并渐次覆盖全球。 社会法是与现代市场经济的发展相适应的。当代世界各国莫不顺时应势,争相加强社会立法,而发达国家的社会立法则尤为发达。 社会法在广义上是调整在各种社会问题的发生和解决的过程中所产生的各种社会关系的法律规范的总称,在这种意义上,人们都把社会法理解为反映社会政策目标的法。     

从英美看社会保障制度在经济社会发展中的重要作用

社会保障制度是市场经济社会必不可少的一项重要制度。它在促进经济发展、消除贫困、体现社会公平、维护社会稳定中都有其他法律制度不可替代的功能。本文通过对英美两国社会保障制度实施社会效果的比较来阐明以上观点。     

制度理论对于社会稳定法律建设思路的启发

作为应用于多学科的理论术语,"制度"为完善和推进社会稳定法律建设提供了独到的观察角度。制度是社会结构组成、社会成员行为和社会文化传统的主要载体,承担着分配和传递资源、教化和凝聚人心的功能。社会稳定法律建设要以制度为切入点,着眼于增进制度的包容性、弹性和应变能力,以法律为管理决策和资源分配提供民主、公开、透明的规则和程序,开辟意见表达、交流以及权利救济的畅通渠道,公正、高效地处理群众中产生的纠纷和冲突,进而奠定社会稳定的坚实基础。     

构建和谐社会与审前羁押制度的完善

促进社会公平与正义,是构建社会主义和谐社会的关键环节,是社会主义的本质要求。社会公平和正义的实现,要通过和谐的法律制度来加以实现,依法治理的法治社会是和谐社会的必然要求。在构建社会主义和谐社会的进程中,我们的法律在价值观上必须符合与反映时代发展变化的步伐,人道就是“在价值观的时代衍变中凸现出来的有别于公正、效率的制度伦理价值”。在刑事程序中提出和强调人道价值,     

Fatal poisoning in drug addicts in the Nordic countries in 2007

The frequency of medico-legally examined fatal poisonings in 2007 among drug addicts was investigated in five Nordic countries; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The number of deaths, age, sex, place of death, main intoxicant, and other drugs present in blood samples were recorded to obtain national and comparable Nordic data, as well as data to compare with earlier studies in 2002, 1997, and 1991. Norway had the highest incidence of drug addict deaths by poisoning followed by Denmark, with 8.24 and 6.92 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The death rates in Finland (4.02), Iceland (4.56), and Sweden (3.53) were about half that of Norway and Denmark. Compared with earlier studies, the death rates were unchanged in Denmark and Norway, but increased in Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. In all countries, fewer deaths (29-35%) were recorded in the capital area compared with earlier studies. Females accounted for 11-19% of the fatal poisonings. Iceland deviates with a more equal distribution between men and women (40%). Deaths from methadone overdoses increased in all Nordic countries, and methadone was the main intoxicant in Denmark in 2007, accounting for 51% of the poisonings. In Norway and Sweden, heroin/morphine was still the main intoxicant with a frequency of 68% and 48%, respectively. In Iceland, 3 deaths each were due to heroin/morphine and methadone, respectively. Finland differs from other Nordic countries in having a high number of poisonings caused by buprenorphine and very few caused by heroin/morphine. The total number of buprenorphine deaths in Finland doubled from 16 in 2002 to 32 in 2007, where it constituted 25% of deaths. The general toxicological screening program showed widespread multi-drug use in all countries. The median number of drugs per case varied from 3 to 5. The most frequently detected substances were heroin/morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, tramadol, amphetamine, cocaine, tetrahydrocannabinol, benzodiazepines and ethanol.     

2008年中国法治亮点巡礼

2008年，是中国法治进程稳步推进和稳健发展的一年，也是法治亮点频频闪现的一年。2008年的立法景观依然多姿多彩，科学立法、民主立法继续推进，公民对立法工作的有序参与进一步扩大，已出台的十一届全国人大常委会立法规划值得人们期待。此外，实施不久的《政府信息公开条例》、全面开展的监狱体制改革，以及此起彼伏的问责风暴等都是值得我们关注的法治亮点。     

Trustees in Cyprus regulated in 2007

Trust and company service providers in Cyprus are followingin the footsteps of their European counterparts and will toobe regulated at the beginning of 2007.     

Differences in female and male involvement in lethal violence in Russia

Relatively little is known of the distributions of homicide event characteristics in non-Western nations in which women relative to men are involved. This article utilizes unique homicide narratives drawn from Russian court and police records to compare homicide victim, offender, and event characteristics by sex of victim and separately by sex of offender. Results from logistic regression show that homicides in which a female was the victim or offender were more likely to occur between intimates and to occur in the home, whereas homicides involving males were more likely to occur in a public place, to be alcohol-related, to involve a firearm, and to involve a victim and offender who did not know each other well. These results not only present an important first glimpse at women as homicide victims and offenders in Russia specifically, but also provide a point of comparison with findings from similar analyses undertaken in the West, and present further initial observations upon which to construct a cohesive theory about female involvement in serious violent events.     

Trends in Non-Muslim Divorces in Singapore

This article examines the trends and patterns in the way thesecular divorce law has been utilized by couples in Singaporeseeking to end their marriage. Social and demographic featuresof the divorcing couples, as well as the ‘fact’relied on in support of their divorce petitions, are studiedand compared to earlier analyses. It is found that while somepatterns observed by earlier researchers have remained intact,others have changed. This article suggests explanations forthese observed patterns and contributes to the discussion onwhether and how the divorce law can be improved in Singaporeand elsewhere.     

Competence in caring in legal practice

This article is concerned with the stories of female solicitors working in Queensland, Australia, and their account of ethics in practice. These narratives were sought and made in the context of our project investigating complaints received against practitioners in this jurisdiction. Our interviews with female lawyers were intended to provide more insight into complaints matters. Yet this discussion revealed broader insights into ethical questions about the nature of lawyer–client relationships and legal professionalism. This article considers these accounts by reflecting on the concept of ‘care’ and its fit with legal practice requirements today. In doing so, we consider the difficult gendered question of the relationship between caring and ‘women's’ practice. We do not assert a true woman's working style; we seek to contextualise our empirical research by tracing the complex effect of gender on lawyering roles. Finally, we suggest that the adoption of caring practice is a valid approach to lawyering and call for a caring approach to be re-valued in the legal professional context as an ethical proposition.     

论述二十世纪九十年代美国的犯罪问题

在20世纪90年代,犯罪已成为美国社会所面临的一个严峻的问题。集团、枪支、烈性酒、毒品是引发犯罪的重要因素。各类犯罪影响了美国社会的正常秩序,给受害者带来了物质和精神上的痛苦。研究20世纪90年代美国的犯罪问题可以为我国今天打击、预防犯罪提供一些借鉴。