农村土地流转中国家退耕还林补助纠纷产生的原因及归属性探究

退耕还林是国家建设长江、黄河流域生态环境,帮助中西部农民脱贫致富,实现中部崛起,开发大西部的科学决策,而与之配套的退耕还林补助政策因各种原因在具体实施过程中产生的矛盾纠纷一定程度上影响了这一决策的价值意义。本文通过对我国退耕还林补助纠纷产生的制度原因进行详细分析,从退耕还林合同的性质入手,剖析了退耕还林补助的归属问题,并就农村土地流转中退耕还林补助纠纷的相关问题进行了积极探讨。     

农村土地流转中国家退耕还林补助纠纷产生的原因及归属性探究

退耕还林是国家建设长江、黄河流域生态环境,帮助中西部农民脱贫致富,实现中部崛起,开发大西部的科学决策,而与之配套的退耕还林补助政策因各种原因在具体实施过程中产生的矛盾纠纷一定程度上影响了这一决策的价值意义。本文通过对我国退耕还林补助纠纷产生的制度原因进行详细分析,从退耕还林合同的性质入手,剖析了退耕还林补助的归属问题,并就农村土地流转中退耕还林补助纠纷的相关问题进行了积极探讨。     

检调对接法在处理群体性涉农上访案件中的运用

[基本案情]2011年4月初,合水县板桥乡板桥行政村孙旗自然村64名群众联名到庆阳市委政法委上访,举报称该自然村孙旗峁退耕还林面积不清,自然村所报面积补助粮款去向不明;孙旗自然村及原店坊子行政村将孙旗峁10余亩荒地以600元承包给孙旗村民刘某20年,合同未经村民大会通过,石油占路、油井占地补偿款由村民刘某一人享受不公平;孙     

财政部关于印发《退耕还林工程现金补助资金管理办法》的通知

农业部,国家林业局,有关省(自治区、直辖市)财政厅(局),新疆生产建设兵团财务局: 为加强退耕还林工程现金补助资金管理,提高资金的使用效益,保障退耕还林工程的顺利实施,我们制定了《退耕还林工程现金补助资金管理办法》。现印发给你们,请遵照执行。执行中有何问题,请及时反馈我部。 附件:退耕还林工程现金补助资金管理办法     

衡阳县退耕还林:谎言何以继续

一名已退休的调查记者,接到湖南省衡阳县群众的举报材料后,先后11次走访了湖南省衡阳县的15个乡镇,对衡阳县退耕还林问题进行了为期一年两个月的调查报道,揭发了当地部分承包大户和少数干部在国家对退耕还林优厚补助面前大肆弄虚作假,骗取或企图骗取国家的补助钱粮的现象。然而时至今日,问题仍未解决。     

犯罪动机新探

犯罪动机新探栗克元犯罪活动是由犯罪动机所驱使的。在犯罪主体不良心理因素中，犯罪动机是诸心理因素中的主要因素，它直接作用了犯罪行为。其他犯罪心理因素，譬如犯罪认知、犯罪情感、犯罪意志等，一般是通过犯罪动机的影响，面对犯罪行为的发生起间接作用。因此，犯罪...     

城市化进程中的城市安全规划与犯罪防控--以ZS市DH区的城区改造为例

中国城市化进程随着城市地域范围和人口规模急剧膨胀，与此而来的是城市部分区域治安恶化，犯罪率居高不下，成为一个严重的社会问题。犯罪与地理因素之间存在着密切的联系。城市在扩张中，既要考虑经济、政治、文化等因素，也要兼顾到犯罪控制与预防，科学合理的规划可以从空间预防角度抑制犯罪。本文以ZS新区开发建设为例，结合DH区老城区和新城区的建设情况，使用GIS空间分析技术制作了新老城区的犯罪地图，分析了城市犯罪与土地利用、交通网布局等因素的关系，以期对城市化建设中的安全规划有所探索。     

女性犯罪的特点、成因及防控对策

近年来，女性犯罪呈现快速增长的趋势，采取有效措施预防和控制女性犯罪，成为一个刻不容缓的社会问题。女性犯罪呈现出犯罪群体集中、犯罪类型重点突出、刑事责任较轻等特点。女性犯罪是多元因素造成的，应当从影响女性犯罪的社会环境因素、女性心理因素、生理因素入手，预防和控制女性犯罪。     

降低外来人员犯罪率的路径选择——社会保障相关制度之完善

外来人员犯罪数量逐年增加，引发外来人员犯罪主要有经济因素、政策因素、个体素质因素等，但同时，不能忽略社会保障制度与外来人员犯罪这问的关系，在一定程度上，社会保障制度不到位也是主要原因。完善外来人员社会保障制度将有利于降低外来人员犯罪率。     

再造一个山川秀美的延安——延安市开展执法监察确保退耕还林(草)政策落实

2000年,国家把陕西省延安市的13个县(区)列为全国退耕还林(草)工程建设试点县(区)。为确保这一事关国计民生的政策得到有效贯彻落实,我们把退耕还林(草)工程建设作为行政执法监察工作重点,强化监督,从严执纪确保了退耕还林(草)工程建设的顺利开展。全程监督确保政策落实按照市政府的有关规定,我们制定了《延安市退耕还林(草)工程管理监督暂行办法》,对钱粮补助兑现程序、标准及如何兑现、如何验收、开展哪些方面的监督检查等都作出明确规定。我们和13个试点县(区)监察部门每年抽调相关部门人员组成专项执法监察组,分别在年初和年末两次对13…     

论我国环境刑法立法体例问题简

目前,我国环境刑事立法体例已经很难适应愈演愈烈的环境犯罪.我国现行刑法对环境犯罪的客体界定不清,对环境犯罪罪名的规定散乱不成体系;环境犯罪在现行刑法中的位阶较低,不利于有效地惩治环境犯罪.我国环境犯罪的刑事立法,应当遵循人本主义同时兼容生态主义的原则,充分尊重生态环境本身的独立价值,借鉴德国环境犯罪刑事立法模式,选择环境犯罪在现行刑法典中独立成章的立法体例,调整部分有关环境犯罪且散见其他章节的罪名,扩充环境犯罪罪名涵盖的范围.     

结构性视野下的村官腐败及其治理问题研究

作为中国最基层的“干部”，村官的腐败问题，在高官显爵腐朽堕落的震撼中，反而被遮蔽甚至保护起来，在宏观腐败学的研究中受到冷落。但在和谐社会构建和新农村建设的背景下，正因为最基层，其严重性才日益凸显。村官腐败是由各种因素促成的，是一种“综合症”，但最重要的还是由整体社会转型的结构性空间转换造成的。当然其治理也应是一种所谓的综合治理，通过权力与权利，制度与人心的多向互动达致乡村的善治。     

女性以暴抗暴犯罪适用社区矫正的可行性分析

社区矫正是一种非监禁刑罚执行活动，在我国试点和推广已近十年。受虐女性以暴抗暴犯罪，是一种特殊的犯罪。对此类罪犯适用社区矫正，从人道主义的角度而言，具有正当性。它不仅可以节约司法资源、解决现实的社会问题，对女犯的再社会化也是有益的。建议从专业性、规范性上完善现有制度，消除适用条件的制度壁垒，建构具有针对性的社区矫正制度，从而保障女性的权益。     

秦汉律中的职务犯罪——以“公罪”为考察对象

严格维护国家权力的有效性与畅通性，惩治国家权力行使者的各种违法、违制行为，无疑是中国古代法律的重要功能之一。公罪的产生，渊源于春秋战国以来集权观念的强化与官僚政治体系的严密。公罪的主要功用，即在于对官吏的职务犯罪加以性质区分，以适用不同的处罚。在秦汉律中，虽未见公罪之名，但公罪之实已具形态，其构成要件、罪过形态的区分、责任连带等都与后世律有一定的关联。犯罪公私的区分，使公罪作为类概念而适用于官吏非出于私利的失职、违制等犯罪行为，因此包容性甚广。其入于《名例》，正在于为官吏职务犯罪的繁杂性提供一个定性标准。     

Intersectionality,Rural Criminology,and Re-imaging the Boundaries of Critical Criminology

One of the significant shortcomings of the criminological canon, including its critical strands—feminist, cultural and green—has been its urbancentric bias. In this theoretical model, rural communities are idealised as conforming to the typical small-scale traditional societies based on cohesive organic forms of solidarity and close density acquaintance networks. This article challenges the myth that rural communities are relatively crime free places of ‘moral virtue’ with no need for a closer scrutiny of rural context, rural places, and rural peoples about crime and other social problems. This challenge is likewise woven into the conceptual and empirical narratives of the other articles in this Special Edition, which we argue constitute an important body of innovative work, not just for reinvigorating debates in rural criminology, but also critical criminology. For without a critical perspective of place, the realities of context are too easily overlooked. A new criminology of crime and place will help keep both critical criminology and rural criminology firmly anchored in both the sociological and the criminological imagination. We argue that intersectionality, a framework that resists privileging any particular social structural category of analysis, but is cognisant of the power effects of colonialism, class, race and gender, can provide the theoretical scaffolding to further develop such a project.     

论新生代农民工自救犯罪的特点及原因

所谓新生代农民工自救犯罪,是指新生代农民工在面临对自身生存发展构成的威胁或合法权益遭受侵害时,依靠自己的力量,以非法手段和方式来维护自身权益的犯罪行为,具有犯罪手段暴力化、犯罪主体低龄化、犯罪形式团伙化、犯罪对象确定化、犯罪动机简单化、犯罪事先有预谋等特点。公力救济难到位和社会保障水平低是新生代农民工自救犯罪的外在原因;用人单位违规失信是新生代农民工自救犯罪的直接原因;行为人的人格扭曲是新生代农民工自救犯罪的内在起因。     

论刑法学与犯罪学研究的整体互动

在中国,犯罪学与刑法学彼此分离各自为“家”,导致了中国社会过于看重严刑峻法而忽视犯罪原因,使得犯罪虽受到严惩但犯罪情势依然十分严重。如何扭转这一现象,尽快使刑法学惩罚犯罪的研究与犯罪学预防犯罪的研究相互结合,构筑刑法学与犯罪学整体相互联动的格局,是中国社会实现社会稳定的现实政治需要,也是中国社会经济发展的自然要求,更是中国社会通过历史反思对历史的经验与教训进行总结的必然趋势,从而实现使中国的刑事政策从刑事惩罚为主到刑事预防为主的战略转移,刑事法理论对犯罪构成和刑事责任的重点研究为主要转移到对犯罪原因和犯罪预防为主的研究重点上来,以此迎接一个国家繁荣昌盛但犯罪并不猖獗疯狂的时代的到来。     

Trust in the Police in Rural China: a Comparison Between Villagers and Local Officials

Although the past decade has witnessed the rise of studies on Chinese evaluations of the police, rural villagers’ assessments of the police remain under-researched. Drawing upon performance theory and survey data from China’s countryside, this study tested whether variations in satisfaction with government performance and life are linked to villagers’ and officials’ trust in county and local/town police. We found that villagers displayed lower levels of trust in the police than local officials. Higher satisfaction with government performance and integrity were associated with greater trust in county police among both villagers and officials. Villagers’ greater satisfaction with crime control and safety led to their stronger trust in both county and town police, but such satisfaction was not significantly related to officials’ trust in both levels of police forces. Rural residents’ generalized trust and particularized trust were associated with a greater likelihood of viewing the police as trustworthy. Meanwhile, female respondents, both villagers and officials, and higher-income officials were more likely to view the police as trustworthy. Directions for future research and policy are discussed.

     

Organized economic crime and corruption in Urkraine: The problem of countermeasures

The collapse of communism in Ukraine created opportunities for organized criminal groups to expand their economic criminal activities in the “shadow economy” by penetrating all levels of public and economic administration. Ukrainian law enforcement agencies are poorly equipped to handle this increase in criminal activity, especially with respect to uncooperative foreign and domestic economic institutions. State machinery for regulation and control of industry and commerce was easily accessible to organized crime through bribing of state officials, who received no supervision during economic restructuring. Notwithstanding the active assistance of corrupt government officials, organized economic crime has benefited from chaos and lost government control as the result of recent economic reforms in Ukraine. Researchers in this study hypothesize that the social and economic disorder, as well as a common and justified mistrust of state officials, fosters a pessimism and erodes moral standards, which in turn fosters criminal activity. Of late, judicial sentencing for those convicted of economic crimes has become lighter while many economic criminal cases are never investigated or prosecuted in the first place. In order to combat large-scale corruption, there must be better supervision of government officials and better monitoring of foreign economic transactions. One of the most disastrous consequences of the collapse of the Ukrainian communist system has been the widespread increase of economic crime. This phenomenon is self-sustaining, penetrating all levels of Ukraine's economy and administrative sectors. Criminal activity helps to sustain the shadow economy in Ukraine, which has been estimated by various sources to constitute 50 to 60 percent of the economy. Law enforcement and administrative efforts have been largely futile in curbing this corruption. Nevertheless, it is possible to overcome the criminal social and economic order that has become ingrained in this “shadow economy.” This paper seeks to propose policy solutions for Ukrainian economic crime and corruption that could be implemented at the national level.     

The rise of the Red Mafia in China: a case study of organised crime and corruption in Chongqing

‘Red Mafia’ is the collective term for corrupt public officials in mainland China, mainly from the criminal justice system, who attempt to monopolise the protection business in the criminal underworld by abusing power. In contemporary mainland China, the Red Mafia has developed into an alternative system of governance that can control organised crime groups, enable them to flourish, and protect them where strong government and effective self-protection associations are absent. The author examines organised crime and corruption by analysing the Wen Qiang case, one of the most famous and widely publicised cases in Chongqing’s latest crime crackdown campaign. Drawing on interview data and extensive published materials, this paper offers a tentative definition of ‘Red Mafia’, develops a typology of organised crime, describes the emergence of the Red Mafia in China, explores how gangsters developed relationships with public officials, suggests why organised crime groups chose the Red Mafia as their preferred protection and enforcement mechanism, examines patterns of services provided, and explores the differences between the Red Mafia and other Mafia groups.