英诗汉译中的意象再造——ToWPⅡ的两个汉译本简析

意境是诗歌的灵魂,而意象是为建构诗歌意境而存在的。诗歌翻译的关键在于译文是否将原诗的意象再现。诗歌翻译的过程是译者对原作的意象解读和意象再造的过程。以乔治.桑塔耶纳的一首组诗的第二首为例,以认知语言学为理论参照,比较这首诗的两个汉译版本,尝试探讨意象再造在英诗汉译中的作用。     

模糊语言学和翻译教学

人类认识世界是一个漫长复杂的过程,自然语言是反映这个世界的,人类可以通过模糊性认知了解这个世界。自然语言的种类繁多,然而人们却能克服语言之间的障碍进行有效的交际,这说明语言之间存在着共性。正是因为这种共性才使得翻译成为可能。但是由于自然语言在语音、语法、语义方面都存在着一定的模糊性,翻译尤其是文学翻译并不是绝对的等值或等效翻译,而是一个近似的、模糊的等值翻译。     

从目的论看翻译策略的选择

目的论作为功能翻译理论的主流，强调翻译是一种交际行为，翻译行为所要达到的目的决定整个翻译过程，翻译策略必须根据翻译目的来确定。根据该理论，在翻译过程中，译者应该适时采取恰当的翻译策略和方法，尽量在译文中再现源语文本的预期功能。     

关联理论与小说人物对话翻译

Sperber和Wilson提出的关联理论,是认知语用学的基础,对翻译研究也有很大的启示意义.本文以语境为出发点,讨论了关联理论对小说人物对话翻译的指导作用.在翻译过程中,译者要寻求与原文的最佳关联、调节译语与译语读者语境的互相显映,才能实现原作者、译者、译语读者的成功交际.     

从关联理论视角论商标翻译的新策略

关联理论是认知语言学在线处理理论之一,关注人们在交流过程中的信息处理过程。关联理论对翻译有着重要的影响,对于翻译理论和实践都具有很高的指导意义。而商标翻译作为翻译的一种,同样也能够接受关联理论的指导。     

文学与精神文明关系刍议

文学的积极成果是构成精神文明有机体的组成部分,也是再现精神文明的具体形式之一.     

鲁迅和林语堂翻译思想比较研究

鲁迅和林语堂都是中国20世纪初的翻译大家,有着各自不同的翻译思想.他们对翻译文本和翻译策略的选择以及对翻译标准的看法都有很大的差异.对比研究两者的翻译思想之后可以发现,他们不同的翻译目的以及对待传统文化与文学的不同态度使他们形成了截然不同的翻译思想.     

“三式”教学法在俄汉文学翻译课上的运用

翻译是一项极富创造性、情感性的艺术活动,尤其是俄汉文学翻译更能体现出译者外译(从母语译成外语)和内译(从外语译成母语)的水平和创作力。为此,在俄汉文学翻译课上积极运用直观式、启发式、讨论式三种教学法可以切实提高学生文学翻译的水平和技巧,达到翻译的传神切景、形神兼备的境界。     

论文化语境对英汉文学翻译的影响

随着中西方交流的不断深入,英汉文学翻译作为双方文化交流的一个重要部分,也越来越为人们所关注。但文学翻译与语境,尤其是与文化语境有着千丝万缕的联系。本文将从英语文化语境、原作者及译者的文化语境和目标读者群的文化语境三方面探讨文化语境对英汉文学翻译的影响与制约。     

精选教学内容创新教学方法——怎样对美国留学生讲授中国文学课程

教学改革,说到底无非是内容和形式两个方面的改革.笔者在对美国留学生讲授中国文学课程的教学实践中,把教学内容的选择放在首位,引导他们在文学欣赏中和丰富多彩的文学形象对话、沟通,借助文学人物再现历史情境,并且在感性认识基础上,通过文史结合的知识讲授,使其逐步上升至理论高度.作者在对美国留学生讲授中国文学课程的教学实践中,注重教学内容的选择和教学方法设计.通过对教学效果和教学目标的对比分析,事实证明这样的教学改革是卓有成效的,为此付出的努力是值得肯定的.     

2010年中国政治学研究综述

前些年,不少学者热衷于介绍和研究西方昙花一现的政治理论,自去年以来,这种追风的现象已经趋冷。2010年的政治学研究主要关注了国家理论、政党理论、政治思潮、民主问题、政治学学科和方法论。由此可以看出,中国的政治学研究进一步向传统的研究主题回归,进一步趋向理性。     

案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立

案卷排他性原则是现代听证制度的核心。我国目前的价格决策听证制度并没有确立案卷排他性原则,致使政府价格决策听证常常流于形式。案卷排他性原则在我国政府价格决策听证中的确立,不仅具有必要性.而且具有可行性。     

The Rise of Resilience in Education in Emergencies

ABSTRACT

This article explores how resilience as a concept is being increasingly mobilised within the Education in Emergencies (EiE) community. Using content and a close textual analysis, it identifies the concept's growth in prominence within key EiE documents arguing it has been employed to serve a range of different purposes. It contends, however, that dominant conceptualisations of resilience within the EiE community are reflective of a number of shifts around the problem, subjects and purposes of education provision in such conflict-affected contexts. This serves to limit the transformative potential of resilience, particularly in regards to contributing to positive peace.     

Performance of local councils in the collection of revenue in Bangladesh

Local councils in Bangladesh have been provided with several sources of revenue that can be utilized for the maintenance of the councils, as well as the initiation of developmental projects. The union and upazila level councils have fared miserably in collection of such revenue. An examination of twelve upazilas during 1986–90 demonstrates that their performance has been affected by a lack of administrative support for the task, a dearth of adequate knowledge and skills on the part of local leaders and a failure to plan carefully on the part of the government. The Ordinances through which they have been established did not identify realistic sources of revenue nor did they provide guidelines on their utilization. Consequently, collection of revenue is done in an arbitrary and disorganized manner. It is recommended that adequate and appropriate administrative structures are developed and that proper training is provided to enhance the knowledge and skills of local leaders and to enable the councils to perform the task of revenue collection efficiently. Some suggestions are presented to utilize properly the market facilities, which appear to be highly potent sources for the generation of revenue.     

Problems of co-ordination in upazila administration in Bangladesh

The present government of Bangladesh has extensively reformed the administrative system and upgraded the previous thana to upazila (sub-district) to serve as the focal point of development administration. A new tier of local government called Upazila Parishad (UZP) has been created and a large number of functions have been devolved to this institution along with the placement of central government employees at its disposal. The reformers argue that the present system will remove the inadequacies of the previous administrative system and will bring about an improvement in the co-ordination of field services at the upazila level. However, the actual situation represents a totally different picture. The desired integration— both vertical and horizontal—and co-ordination in local level planning is non-existent due to the absence of any clear direction from the central government. Proper co-ordination among the field services in the upazila administration does not exist due to the anomalous relation between the upazila and the national government, including excessive central control; the involvement of multiple agencies of the central government in guiding and supervising; ambiguity in government thinking; the absence of clarification from the ministries concerned and agencies on the timing of different development programmes; and conflict over the allocation of resources. There is also conflict between the different tiers of local government in respect of authority and resources. Relations between public representatives and officials at the upazila level are strained because a clear allocation of authority to political executives is lacking; areas for co-operation among different agencies have not been clarified; and public representatives and government officials lack mutual respect.     

中国政府全面质量管理系统的构建

全面质量管理是一门内涵丰富的管理哲学、管理思想,同时也是一种有效的管理技术和管理工具,全面质量管理在企业中的应用取得了重大成效,西方国家将全面质量管理应用于政府部门同样取得了明显的效果.中国同样具有推行政府全面质量管理的基础条件,通过开展政府全面质量管理的基础性工作,树立"顾客导向",建构政府内部持续改进机制,建立政府全面质量管理质量保证体系,将全面质量管理的管理理念和管理方法引入中国政府部门.构建中国政府全面质量管理系统,从而提高政府工作绩效和公众的满意度.     

An analysis of mechanisms used by CSOs in the promotion of community participation in governance in Kenya

Civil society organizations (CSOs) are often perceived to provide the magic bullet to complex societal problems including alternative approaches that ensure good governance. Fresh new research is therefore needed due to the prevailing paradox of escalating governance challenges in Kenya despite CSOs efforts to address the same. This paper specifically seeks to understand mechanisms that CSOs use as they seek to intervene in governance issues in Kenya. It links persistent poor governance happening at the counties to inadequate mechanisms used by CSOs. It argues that CSOs have not been bold enough to confront poor governance but, instead, have used superficial mechanisms with little outcomes. They have particularly focused on providing trainings and creating awareness and have shied away from more direct engagement with poor governance such as monitoring utilization of public funds. The study methodology involved a survey, focus group discussions, and in-depth face to face interviews. The tools used included a survey questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion guide and In-depth Interview guide. Among the recommendations are that CSOs need to go beyond creating awareness and trainings and engage with governance issues more directly using well-tried mechanisms.     

The Reform of the Local Administration in Spain in Terms of Population

Spanish Local Corporations are playing an increasingly important role in the provision of public services without reducing their function of consolidation and structuring of the current sociopolitical system. This reality implies an increase in their need of financial funds without new compensation resources. Also, there is a certain tendency to loose population in many counties along with a greater organic and territorial dispersion that accelerates their financial weakening. This makes necessary to find management alternatives ensuring the appropriate provision of local public services and thus the Local Corporation reform becomes an alternative. In this context, the present paper approaches the analysis and the results based upon a territorial balance criterion on the population and its distribution, aiming ultimately to design an indicator able to measure the need of the Spanish local government structure according to its population and the size of its municipalities. This indicator might measure the regional impact to any variation both in the distribution of its population and in the number of municipalities.     

全球化背景下经典文化教育的价值取向

全球化对我国教育的冲击是深刻的,经典文化教育是应对挑战所必需的选择之一。经典文化具有时代性、开放性和包容性,对成就一个人以及提高整个国民素质都有重要的意义与价值。经典文化教育在学校教育应有所作为。     

工科院校英汉双语教学中英语运用度

文中通过＂英语运用度＂这一指标对双语教学模式进行了划分,通过对在工科院校双语教学中的实际教学效果对比研究,对制约双语教学中英语应用度的各项因素进行了详细研究分析,阐述了工科教学时开展双语教学工作应解决的重要问题和解决问题的措施,并给出了＂英语运用度＂的最佳取值范围。