历史唯物主义基本概念范畴在国际研究层面的体现

历史唯物主义是马克思主义的核心,它的主要概念范畴如经济基础、上层建筑以及意识形态在国际层面又是如何体现的?以此为对象的研究是促进马克思主义国际问题研究的重要基础。本文通过对历史唯物主义经典作品的分析,提出在国际/世界层面,历史唯物主义的核心概念——经济基础就是国际分工及其社会表现,即国际生产关系。国际生产关系就是各国在国际分工中的地位,这种关系在政治上体现为国家间的权力关系。国际上层建筑就是以国际权力关系为后盾建立的国际政治与法律制度,全球/国际治理是其重要表现。国际层面的意识形态表现为主流的哲学理论与政治理论,以及反映国际社会主导力量意志的文学作品,同时也存在抵制这一主流与反霸权的哲学、政治理论以及文学。文章还通过相关文本分析展现了国际意识形态是如何顺应各个时代的需要,反映不同时代各种世界政治力量利益诉求的特征。     

论当前国际政治与国际经济有机互动的新特征

国际经济关系政治化、国际政治关系经济化的“两化”特征在80年代以来愈益鲜明。国际关系的“两化”现象反映了经济全球化的迅速发展强化了经济生活在国际社会中的主导地位,保证了经济对政治的基础性和决定性作用;以科技为基础、经济为核心的综合国力的竞争伴随着经济全球化而愈益残酷和激烈,主权国家不得不借助强制性公共权力深化对世界经济的干预以协调和控制国家之间的利益关系。在和平与发展的时代主题下,世界经济的全球化和民族国家对经济生活干预力度的强化,深深地影响到政治与经济之间相互依存、相互作用、相互转换的有机互动,使政治与经济的互动呈现出“强经济-强政治”的互动模式。     

后布雷顿森林体系时代东亚货币关系的演变:国际货币权力结构-进程视角

历史上,国际货币体系在经济上都存在可行的运行机制,但都因政治因素不能有效运行,所以政治维度之于当前国际货币体系至关重要。文章考察了货币的政治属性与国际货币权力及其来源,提出了基础性权力和工具性权力等概念,建立了国际货币权力的结构-进程分析框架,旨在揭示后布雷顿森林体系运行中国家间货币关系演变的一般性规律。文章还以东亚地区为样本,从国际货币权力的结构-进程视角,深入分析了该地区在后布雷顿森林体系时代货币关系的演变,对中国如何将国家政治和经济实力转换成货币权力进行了分析,为中国外交政策提供了建议。     

泰国政治转型中的政商关系演化:过程、条件与前景

本文基于政治权力结构的"同心圆"框架,从利益集团的视角对泰国政治转型中的政商关系演化进行探讨。本文认为,20世纪60年代以来的泰国政商关系先后经历了"依附式"、"协商式"和"对等式"结构,并正在转向"一体式"结构。商人群体推动政商关系演化的根本动力在于结构性经济利益诉求;商人群体在政治权力竞争中胜出的核心保证是雄厚的资金支持,关键策略是依托新兴利益集团突破既有的权力结构。从短期来看,泰国保革之争还将持续,政商关系难以顺利实现从"对等式"到"一体式"的转型;从中期来看,新资本集团有可能建构稳定的"政商一体"结构,以适应体制改革的客观需要;从长期来看,随着体制改革成功,政商关系可能回归"对等式"或"协商式"结构。     

后美国时代的权力结构变迁与国际制度改革——基于八国集团改革的理论思考

权力结构与制度变革的关系探讨历来是国际问题研究的核心之一。金融危机爆发后,国际权力结构进入一个后美国时代,权力的分散但非匀质化是其显著特征。本文认为,制度改革是权力结构变迁过程中的合理性诉求,结构的变迁会对原有制度框架内的支配国和受益者形成某种改革压力。另一方面,权力结构变迁的长期性决定了制度改革的继承性和包容性。从总体上看,世界权力关系的变迁将会导致国际规则的调整和完善,倾向于制度的不断演化而非完全替代。     

中美新型大国关系构建:理论透视与历史比较

近年来,中美两国关于构建新型大国关系的战略创议成为世界政治的热点话题。文章认为,对新型大国关系的研究应从理论与政策、历史和现实等多层面进行深入思考。要想准确把握当前中美关系的战略实质,一方面需要超越现有国际政治理论中以权力转移为代表的现实主义旧有范式,将国内政治模式、对外战略选择和国际战略互动等多重变量纳入研究范畴;另一方面,也需要对包括中美在内的现当代国际关系史上反复出现的"崛起国一主导国"二元关系进行更为深入的比较研究。总之,只有通过理论透视和历史比较,才能把握中美构建新型大国关系所具备的学理基础和现有条件,进而对未来的发展趋势做出更有意义的判断,并努力"预为之谋"、最大限度避免重蹈历史覆辙。     

百年未有之大变局下中法关系的再定位——国际关系创新的伙伴

建交55周年之际,中法关系处于百年未有之大变局的历史关口。本文提出"权力结构-秩序结构-观念结构"的分析框架,旨在研究百年未有之大变局及其对中法关系的结构性影响。中法关系面临的权力结构、秩序结构和观念结构均已发生重大甚至根本性的变化,要以新的框架来认识和谋划新形势下的中法关系。面对权力的重组、秩序的过渡和观念的竞争,中法都主张推动国际关系的转型和国际秩序的创新,这构成了中法关系的新基础。中法应该成为推动国际关系创新的伙伴,以创新、责任、共赢的精神,推动构建平衡的新型大国关系和合作共赢的新型国际关系,推动全球治理供给和新的国际制度供给,推动构建新型文明关系和观念创新。     

朔尔茨政府能源转型政策的全球逻辑

面对地球生态危机、可再生能源全球竞赛及大国竞争,叠加俄乌冲突下的德国能源危机及地缘危机等新形势,朔尔茨政府能源转型政策呈现出意愿上更具雄心、资源上更多投入和关系上“去俄化”等新动向。全球因素对德国能源转型政策的影响不断加强。本文通过建构一个能源转型国际政治效应的理论框架,分析以能源安全、发展范式、能源影响力和国际道义等变量为内核的能源转型国际政治效应及其机制,从而理解朔尔茨政府能源转型政策的全球逻辑。运用能源转型国际政治效应分析框架能够理解、预测德国能源转型政策。鉴于以可再生能源为核心的能源转型国际政治影响不断显现及外溢,能源转型国际政治效应分析进路将对更多国家能源转型政策的全球逻辑具有解释性。     

构建新型国际关系的理论与实践

构建新型国际关系,是新时代中国外交的重要目标之一。随着中国日益走近世界舞台的中心地带,中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化。一个持续快速发展并拥有近14亿人口的大国将在全球事务中发挥什么作用?对外奉行什么政策,对世界产生什么影响?针对这些问题,中国提出了构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系的主张。相比旧的国际关系模式,新型国际关系强调相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢,是主权原则、价值原则和利益原则的有机结合,是对基于实力均衡原则的权力政治和以社会制度划线的意识形态政治的突破和发展。对中美关系的案例研究显示,尽管面临诸多不确定性,构建总体稳定、均衡发展的大国关系框架的前景还是乐观的,确立相互尊重、公平正义和合作共赢的新型国际关系规范是可以期待的。     

论构建新世纪大国战略稳定框架

大国战略稳定框架是全球战略稳定的基础。由于美苏冷战的结束 ,特别是九一一事件和美国退出《反弹道导弹条约》后 ,冷战时期大国战略稳定框架的政治基础已经消失 ,理论基础也不再适用。但由一系列军备控制协议和条约形成的对各国有某种约束力的国际机制在冷战后时期仍然在世界上发挥积极的作用 ,特别是对促进核裁军和防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散有重要意义。随着国际政治多极化和世界经济全球化的发展 ,建立新的大国战略稳定框架势在必行。中国主张的以互信、互利、平等、协作为核心的新安全观应该成为这种战略稳定框架的理论基础。     

Transfer or transformation? What the German social science literature has to say about unification and its systemic effects

This paper serves as a review and critical assessment of the German social science literature on unification. The main concepts of unification analysis from Offe, Lehmbruch, Seibel, Czada and Wiesenthal are introduced. Each of these authors approaches unification using a form of Lehmbruch ‘s institution transfer paradigm. The usefulness of this paradigm is limited because it plays down the transformative impact of unification in spite of the consensus that unification has wrought significant changes. In the future, the line demarcating the extent to which the transfer paradigm has given way to a transformation‐centred paradigm will define one cutting edge in German studies.     

当代韩国政党政治民主化的变迁特征——以卡特尔政党理论为分析视角

1995年,欧洲学者凯茨和麦尔首先提出卡特尔政党的概念,同时总结了卡特尔政党在国家与社会中的地位转变所衍生出的特质。本文从政党与国家之间的联络、政党竞争环境和政党与市民社会之间的关系等几方面探讨韩国政党政治的一般情况。作者认为,卡特尔政党虽倡导民主与自由竞争,但实则关注操控权力的运用,此种情况无助于韩国政党的民主化进程。因此相关的制度设计是防止卡特尔政党对民主政治产生负面影响的必要措施。     

The China–Japan Mutually Beneficial Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests and East Asian Peace and Stability

On the occasion of President Hu Jintao's visit to Japan in May 2008, the two sides issued a joint statement and agreed to promote the Mutually Beneficial Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests in a comprehensive fashion. In addition, this is an important year in the development of China–Japan relations, as it marks the thirtieth anniversary of the concluding of the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China. It is also 20 years since the founding of the Institute for International Policy Studies, during which time IIPS has continuously been conducting research into global and East Asian regional peace and stability and furthering the development of China–Japan relations. Over the past two years China–Japan relations have been better than ever. How Japan and China should promote their Mutually Beneficial Relationship Based on Common Strategic Interests in the future and how they should promote peace and stability in the East Asian region are two vital issues that face the two nations.     

Searching for Transitologists: Contemporary Theories of Post-Communist Transitions and the Myth of a Dominant Paradigm

A political scientist investigates the claim that the field of post-communist studies is and has been dominated by a transitology paradigm whose teleological biases lead to faulty analysis. Based on a comprehensive analysis of post-communist regime change studies published in 10 leading area studies and comparative politics journals between 1991 and 2003 as well as a broader review of the post-communist transition literature, this article seeks to clarify the terminological confusion that is a prominent feature of critiques of transitology and to examine the claim that a single mode of analysis dominates the study of post-communism.     

Wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Wandel zwischen „Arbeitszwang“ und „Befähigung“

The concepts of “workfare”, an “enabling” or a “social investment state”, respectively of an “activating welfare state”, share the idea of a paradigm shift of welfare state policies resetting the classic tension between decommodification and (re-)commodification. In this article, a comparative analysis of activating labor market policies in Denmark, Germany and the UK is giving evidence that in all countries recommodification has become a major goal, put into practice by both an increase of workfare and enabling policies. Different reform paths, however, can be identified as the emphasis on enforcing and enabling instruments as well as the particular mix of the instruments varies due to the country-specific background. Hence, the difference of reform policies is supposed to lead to a path dependent implementation of the paradigm shift of welfare state policies.     

Ideological Conflict and Refugee Aid Policy Development in Munich

In an era when managing the impact of unregulated migration is of growing worldwide concern, I ask why the city of Munich expanded social aid to enhance refugee living conditions and integration opportunities despite broader trends to do the opposite. I find that city policymakers were driven by a locally dominant humanitarian paradigm, which was opposed by a security paradigm favoured by the Bavarian government. Research on ideas and policy often focuses on how taken-for-granted ideas limit policy development. An analysis of city-level refugee policy suggests that ideological conflict strengthens the clarity and salience of ideas, which can increase their impact on policymaking. Ideological conflict between paradigms made it harder for city policymakers to support policies that were not consistent with the humanitarian paradigm.     

Instrumentalizing the recent past? The new Cold War narrative in Russian public space after 2014

There has been much debate about whether the US and Russia are locked in a new Cold War, but much less attention as to how the term is used in Russian political discourse. Through a close analysis of public statements, I analyze how the Cold War narrative has been used in the Russian public space since 2014, and assess how the “resuscitation” of the Cold War paradigm has been used by Moscow’s political elites, in order to discuss its impact on foreign policy. I document a distinct shift in Russian policymakers’ use of the term in 2016 and trace this shift to domestic political considerations.     

Australia and Israel: a Diasporic,Cultural and Political Relationship

Australia and Israel: a Diasporic, Cultural and Political Relationship. Edited by Shahar Burla and Dashiel Lawrence (Brighton, Chicago and Toronto: Sussex Academic Press, 2015), pp. vi + 246. US$34.95 (cloth).     

论理性主义的双重角色

从国际关系理论和思想史的发展来看,有多重涵义的理性主义主要在思想传统和研究范式两方面中扮演不同的角色.本文从这两个角度出发,分析了作为思想传统和作为研究范式的理性主义各自不同的提出背景、内涵、特点、地位与影响等,并从继承和异化的两方面来对二者进行了初步比较.     

Franco–German relations and European integration: peeling off the labels

Books Reviewed in this article:
Alistair Cole, Franco–German Relations
Julius Friend, Unequal Partners: French–German Relations 1989–2000
Gisela Hendriks and Annette Morgan, The Franco–German Axis in European Integration
Douglas Webber (ed.), The Franco–German Relationship in the European Union