"物联网"为海归带来创业机遇

中国早在1999年就提出了"物联网"这个概念,当时叫"传感网",即通过射频识别(RFID)、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备,按约定的协议,把任何物品与互联网相连接进行信息交换和通信,以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络概念.     

河东区发展物联网产业探析

物联网，是通过射频识别（RFID）、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备，按约定的协议，把物品与互联网相连接。进行信息交换和通信，以实现智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控和管理的一种网络概念。发展物联网产业是占领信息产业制高点的客观要求。本文拟就河东区发展物联网产业的情况和思路作一探析。     

卡识别技术的研究与发展

本文介绍了基于RFID的卡识别技术在国内的应用与发展状况,并对其产业链的各个主要环节的发展状况做了研究分析.基于RFID的卡识别技术,已在国内得到了广泛的应用,主要集中于身份识别、公共交通管理、物流管理等领域.     

基于RFID技术的图书馆营销系统及其应用

图书馆营销引起国内图书馆学者和图书馆工作人员的重视,RFID技术系统被越来越多的图书馆采用,为图书馆营销工作带来很大帮助。尝试建立一种基于RFID技术系统的营销系统,充分利用RFID标签和智能书架采集读者信息,进行数据分析与数据挖掘,为完善图书馆管理和读者服务提供新的思路。     

理化物证检验课程教学模式的探讨

针对刑事技术专业的学生,在理化物证检验课程的教学中,我们应该强调理化物证检验的发展趋势,使学生深刻认识到理化物证检验在案件侦破中和法庭诉讼中的重要意义,加强理论教学和实验实训的结合,培养出优秀的铁路公安技术人才。     

湖南株洲市灯饰管理处

株洲市灯饰管理处成立于1994年，现有干部职工86人。机械设备13台，主要是负责全市主次千道的路灯维护、灯饰监察、路灯监控智能化管理、中心广场地下通道喷泉、中心广场北侧休闲喷泉的管理工作。     

犯罪现场微量物证的形成、发现与采取

本文论述了犯罪现场微量物证的形成规律、现场存在规律 ,以及微量物证的发现、采取与包装方法 ,以便使侦查和刑技人员在刑事侦查中正确认识微量物证的形成规律 ,掌握微量物证的发现方法和正确的采取方法 ,充分利用微量物证揭露和证实犯罪。     

笔迹鉴定中应当注意的问题

当前,与经济有关的刑事、民事和行政案件中的笔迹物证成为笔迹鉴定的主要对象。由于各种因素的影响,使笔迹鉴定工作增加了许多难度,甚至无法作出结论,因此,要获得正确的鉴定结论,笔迹鉴定过程中应当注意:第一,确定笔迹物证是否正常笔迹,有无模仿伪装;第二,全面运用笔迹特征,作出正确鉴定结论;第三,注意其他特征痕迹,揭露伪造篡改;第四,提高司法办案人员物证技术知识水平。     

物证与犯罪现场重建

物证和犯罪现场重建结论,在刑事侦查活动中是两类不同的事物,但却是相互联系、相互作用的,它们都可以作为判定案情的依据。物证是犯罪现场重建的基础,犯罪现场重建使物证情景、情节化;物证是重建犯罪过程的“关节”;犯罪现场重建以犯罪分子的动态行为为链条,使静态的分散的间接物证成为有机的证据锁链。     

见微知著--浅谈微量物证

微量物证是一切以量小体微的存在状况、外部特征以及其品质、性能来证明案情的客观实在。微量物证是物证的一种,它除了具有物证客观性、特定性和间接性的基本特征外,还具有量小体微、不易毁灭、出现几率高、多样性、依附性、隐蔽性、易被污染和丢失,具有分离和不完整性以及必须运用先进技术手段检验等特点。微量物证可以为案件的侦破提供线索,可以为证实犯罪提供科学依据。     

A Norm of Evidence and Research in Decision‐making (NERD): Scale Development,Reliability, and Validity

Evidence‐based management is on the rise as a strategy to promote more rational decision‐making and effectiveness in governance and public service delivery. To understand how widespread the use of evidence is among managers in various settings, and why evidence is emphasized more in some settings than others, it is necessary to have a good measure of the use of research and evidence in management decision‐making. This article reports on the development and testing of a new multi‐item scale, Norm of Evidence and Research in Decision‐making (NERD), that can be used across organizational and functional settings to assess evidence‐based management practices within an agency. The results indicate that the scale is internally consistent (reliable) and that it correlates with criteria of the underlying construct (valid). The article concludes with a discussion of the potential utility of the scale for advancing research and understanding about the use of evidence by public and nonprofit managers.     

Do multilingual androids dream of a better life in Australia? Effectiveness of information technology for government translation to support refugees and migrants in Australia

Without high‐quality translation of online information about government support and services, refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia experience a major barrier to improved health, employment, education and social outcomes. Recent advances in the ability of Google Translate, Skype Translator and other forms of machine translation that use artificial intelligence can help translate government information to better support refugees and migrants but they bring the risk of ineffective communication, and exclusion from services that could positively impact on settlement experiences and daily life. Evidence suggests that government agencies are likely to be using human translators for most translation work, but the degree to which any form of information technology is used, how it may be best applied and the associated effects are not known. This study systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed and grey literature to determine effective ways of using information technology for translating government information to refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia. Included studies were analysed to identify techniques and other characteristics of translation, information technology and language support more broadly, and outcomes on education, health, social and other refugee and migrant experiences relating to translated information. Our review found a small evidence base featuring studies with strong evaluation demonstrating effective forms of ‘language support’ for refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds in Australia in a broad sense. However, there is a major gap in knowledge that is contributing to barriers in the use of online government information in Australia. In particular, there is an absence of evidence demonstrating what is effective in the use of machine translation with artificial intelligence, websites and other kinds of information technology for translating government information with refugees and migrants from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. The oversight risks further excluding already marginalised groups from services and support. This paper makes a number of suggestions practitioners can take to address the issue and guidelines for future research.     

How is the Use of Performance Information Related to Performance of Public Sector Professionals? Evidence from the Field of Academic Research

There is inconclusive evidence as to how performance management is actually related to performance, particularly in subfields of the public sector where professional work prevails. We propose that the association between the use of performance information and performance of public sector professionals varies with the targets of management control. We test our hypotheses in the field of academic research, a prime example of professionalism in the public sector. The overall results of an online survey with 1,976 observations suggest that performance management is positively related to publication performance when performance information is used for the control of input targets. In contrast, we find negative associations of performance information with performance when used to control output targets. Public managers in professional fields should consider these countervailing relationships when they compose and use control systems.     

Who has turned the project management lights on? A comparative analysis of transportation and information technology in US state governments

We provide a comparative analysis of capital project management for major transportation and information technology (IT) acquisitions in US state governments, focusing on the use of earned value management (EVM). Results indicate that most states have adopted basic reforms, such as establishing project management offices and developing guidelines based on industry standards. However, fewer have implemented reforms with more teeth to them, such as centralized oversight and EVM. We find that states with greater spending are more likely to use EVM but that it is more commonly prescribed for IT than transportation.     

For Safety or Profit? How Science Serves the Strategic Interests of Private Actors

Science is central to the regulation of risk. But who provides the science on which risk regulations are based? Through an in-depth empirical analysis of domestic health and safety standards, this article shows how private actors use scientific information to acquire preferential outcomes. I develop a formal model delineating conditions under which firms will seek stricter standards on their own products, and I reveal how companies can acquire these outcomes through the strategic provision of information. To test the theory, I track changes to U.S. agrochemical standards over a two-decade period. I also introduce firm-level petition data and historical evidence to test the mechanism directly. My findings provide new insight into the strategies companies use to benefit from regulations, while also forcing us to reevaluate what it means for regulations to be based on science.     

Budgetary constraints and municipal revenue forecasting

Conclusion The objective of this research has been to determine whether key budget participants see forecasting as making significant contributions to the budgetary process. The issue is important for at least two reasons. Budgetary tools will be used to the degree budget players perceive them as providing net budgettary benefits. Moreover, the continuing trend toward technological sophistication gives governments opportunities, red herrings or not, to incorporate the technology into the budget process. The issue is also very timely; with the demise of packaged budget reforms but not the values of budget reforms, there may be new opportunities for improving budgeting on a less grandiose, more piecemeal basis, such as using forecasts to analyze budgetary options. The findings here provide some insight into two questions concerning governmental forecasting. First, why do governments use complex methods? In support of previous research, since cities most dependent on intergovernmental aid tend to use complex forecasting, such methods may indeed be seen as a way to help cope with fiscal stress. Also, reflecting the ambiguity of current research, since cities tend to use relatively simple techniques regardless of the revenue source being forecasted, the source is at best a partial determinant of complexity. The most important predictor of complexity, however, was budget format; cities that emphasize reform methods, especially planning, tend to use the most complex forecast methods. The forecasting process was not as important as expected.Second, so what? Does forecasting influence budgetary choices? The evidence from the second part of the study suggest that it can, but within definable limits. Budget directors are more likely than councils to value outyear estimates, but both actors are much less likely to value long-term estimates. The survey results also indicate that revenue forecasts are not as useful for making political decisions as for making management decisions: the forecast is usually used as an internal document, is only sometimes intended to affect council decisions, and is not usually included in the budget. In short, the forecast may be most useful for making managerial decisions since that is what most cities want out of it. It also tends to be more useful if the budget format is less traditional. Finally, the findings indicate that forecasting may be more useful to management to the degree the council finds it politically useful. This is extremely important since it suggests that as powerful as technology may be, budgetary tools that do not meet political needs will be managerially confined.Clearly, more research is needed in this area. Does forecasting actually shape long-range plans? In the long run, will the forecasting effort change the ways cities budget? Can the availability of forecasting information strengthen one actor relative to another? These are important questions that need answering to clarify the impact of forecasting and other technologies on the budget process.     

Managing the impersonal in a personalized public service

What happens when an apparently personalized small public service enters the information highway? How does it integrate the new frame of mind implied in the impersonal, open approach to information? The practical implications of implementing information technology as a means to use information strategically in the Maltese public service, with its apparently paradoxical administrative style, prompted the pilot study in early 2000 upon which this article is based. Using a simplified empirical approach, the study tested the hypothesis that small scale could affect the way leaders deal with the impersonal, such as information resource management. Although limited in scope, the results of the study support a qualified conclusion that small scale, through its link with personalization and associated informal mechanisms, does affect the way top managers in the public service deal with the impersonal, at least in the short and medium term. To what extent it does so, or the space for change, are subjects for further research. The article concludes with suggestions for further investigation into this topic, both in its narrow and wider applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

刑事物证照相中应用比例尺问题探讨

刑事物证照相对比例尺的使用有着明确具体的规定和要求,但在实践工作中,由于刑事技术人员缺乏对使用常识的全面掌握和使用方法的总结研究,比例尺应用的规范化进程滞后,极大程度上影响了案件侦破和诉讼举证。重视和发挥比例尺的辅助价值,应切实保证应用的正确性、有效性,提高规范化水平。     

政府信息公开行为的可诉性及相关制度思考

主动公开信息的行为具有有限的可诉性,应从程序上保障第三方救济的权利。被告在诉讼中负有举证责任,但涉及国家秘密信息的举证应允许被告补充证据;对于信息不存在的证明,原告应该提供信息存在的初步线索。政府信息公开诉讼可以借鉴美国的"秘密审查模式",进行不公开单方审理。对于不予公开信息的司法认定,应基于法益判断进行利益衡量,以使申请人权利与第三方隐私权、商业秘密、国家保密权等权利达到相对的平衡。