鞋内底浸渍痕迹的检验

1 鞋内底浸渍痕迹的形成 鞋内底浸渍痕迹是指鞋在穿用过程中，由于脚的蹬踩与汗液的浸渍，形成在鞋内底或鞋垫上的印痕。这种印痕与赤足足底具有对应性，在足迹检验中具有较高的利用价值。根据运动力学和生理学的原理，每个人的生理特点和运动能力的差异，形成的运动特征也各不相同，在鞋内底及鞋垫上会形成深浅、虚实不一的赤足形象特征，这就给我们的检验提供了有利的条件。     

鞋内底不同部位接触DNA提取初探

目的探讨鞋内底不同部位接触DNA提取检出率。方法取100名20-30岁的志愿者，将其穿用过的运动鞋和皮鞋鞋垫设置成不同穿用时间组、不同材料鞋垫组、穿用后不同放置时间组，根据脚的形态学及运动力学特点，将鞋垫分成8个区域进行脱落细胞提取，并进行DNA进行检验。结果鞋垫上8个不同区域提取到的脱落细胞DNA分型检验效果不同。足弓外侧区（足引折弓除外）的接触DNA检出率最高；足弓内侧、第1趾骨区、第1跖骨区及足跟区次之；第2～5趾骨区、第2～3跖骨区、第4～5跖骨区不容易成功提取到接触DNA。结论鞋内底接触DNA检出率与接触时间、放置时间、鞋垫材质均相关，分区提取检验DNA更有针对性。     

鞋内底浸渍痕迹在足迹鉴定中应用

鞋内底浸渍痕迹包括通常所说的鞋内底磨损面、鞋垫上的浸渍痕迹等,该痕迹的形成是由于人脚上汗孔排出的汗液在鞋内不易挥发,其中的盐分和其他有机质很容易在鞋内底、鞋垫或皮革及各种合成材料上形成脏污的痕迹,因而鞋一经穿用,脚掌在鞋内固定,穿用人脚的结构形态就通过脚表面的汗液介质在鞋内底或鞋垫上反映出来。这种痕迹在实际工作中同样有较高的利用价值,本文通过一例案件现场上足迹的检验,对鞋内底浸渍痕迹进行了初步探讨,供同行们参考。1案情简介2002年5月10日晚,潜江市某街居民徐某(男,83岁)被人杀死在家中,现场勘查在死者上衣上提取…     

4，5-二甲基-1，2茚二酮显现纸张上手印的比较实验

笔者对3种显现手印试剂(4,5-二甲基-1,2茚二酮、茚二酮和DFO)的显现效果进行了比较实验。14,5-二甲基-1,2茚二酮荧光显现剂与茚二酮显现纸张上手印的比较1·1显现原理茚二酮与人体汗液中的氨基酸发生显色反应,经浸泡、晾干、高温处理后显出手印,在激光或多波段光源照射下观察并     

纸张上潜在手印三种前处理方法对DNA检验的影响

目的通过比较常见纸张上潜在手印盲提法与显现后精准提取法的接触DNA检出率,探讨常见纸张上接触DNA前处理的优选方案。方法比较五种常见纸张上使用盲提法和显现潜在手印(茚二酮显现法、茚三酮熏显法)后精准提取法采集的接触DNA样本检出率。结果粗糙日历纸盲提的接触DNA检出率为17.8%,通过茚二酮法和茚三酮法显现的潜在手印所提取的DNA检出率分别为75.6%、77.8%;光滑日历纸三种方法所提取的接触DNA检出率为4.4%、11.1%、11.1%;A4复印纸三种方法接触DNA检出率为20%、37.8%、66.7%;牛皮纸三种方法接触DNA检出率为20%、68.9%、64.4%;快递纸袋的三种方法接触DNA检出率为2.2%、6.7%、46.7%。结论不同纸张上潜在手印经显现后接触DNA检出率不同,通过茚二酮或茚三酮显示潜在手印后精准提取DNA的前处理方法相较于盲提法的接触DNA检出率高。实战中可应用此类方法同时获得手印与DNA分型,以有效提高证据力。     

尿渍足迹的碘联雾化镀膜法增强技术研究

目的 探索尿渍足迹快捷显现技术;方法 制作500枚尿渍足迹,用IDEA碘联雾化镀膜法对地板表面上不同遗留时间和遗留量的尿渍足迹进行雾化镀膜处理;结果 0～7d内的尿渍足迹在30s全部显现,特征清晰连贯、背景反差明显,显出率达100％;结论 该方法显现尿渍足迹快速、操作简单,十分适合于基层部门刑事科学技术人员操作使用     

纳米粉末显现水果和蔬菜表面手印

目的研究纳米粉末显现水果和蔬菜表面的手印。方法纳米Fe3O4粉末的显现方法同常规磁性粉末;纳米ZnO粉末则是撒粉于可疑表面,然后用吸耳球轻轻吹掉多余的粉末直到手印显出,利用多波段光源,在紫外一可见光范围内拍照;并与松花粉显现法比较。结果纳米Fe3O4粉末可以清晰显现4种检材表面的手印;纳米ZnO粉末可显现除土豆之外的3种检材表面的手印,尤其显现西红柿表面手印的效果最好;与松花粉相比,纳米粉末显现的手印纹线流畅、细腻,细节特征清晰。结论利用纳米粉末可以有效显现水果蔬菜表面的手印,显出的纹线在紫外－可见光范围内拍照均可以得到反差较大的影像。     

尼罗红显现潮湿纸张上油脂手印方法初探

目的探索显现潮湿纸张表面油脂手印的显现方法。方法取250枚纸张载体的油脂指印,分为AB-CDE 5组,分别用自来水浸泡不同时间后,用尼罗红工作液显现,并在465nm多波段光源下进行观察。结果 5组的显现率从56%～94%,表明显出率比较高。结论该方法简单实用,可用于案件检验。     

502胶熏显手印的Ardrox荧光染色技术研究

目的 探究在常见塑料材质、玻璃等非渗透性客体上,502胶熏显后用Ardrox荧光液染色显现潜在手印方法。方法 收集12种常见塑料材质、玻璃等非渗透性客体,用Ardrox荧光液染色与罗丹明6G、BBD、龙胆紫进行显现潜在手印对比实验。同时测试Ardrox荧光液染色最佳遗留时间,采取控制变量,改变单一变量,选取显现效果最好的锡箔纸作为实验检材,分别在遗留1、3、5、7、15 d后进行显现。结果 在大多数常见塑料材质、玻璃等非渗透客体上,502胶-Ardrox荧光液显现效果优于罗丹明6G、BBD和龙胆紫,在锡箔纸、黑塑料袋、易拉罐上效果最好;在浅色客体或深色客体上,Ardrox荧光液均能取得很好的显现效果,光盘上的显现效果不佳。最佳遗留时间测试结果表明,Ardrox荧光液显现指纹,遗留15 d以内的样本都可以很清晰的显现出来,超过15 d,显现效果明显减弱。结论 502胶-Ardrox荧光液显现法显现率高、荧光强。     

Two-dimensional metric comparisons between dynamic bare footprints and insole foot impressions-forensic implications

Footwear may be found at crime scenes as physical evidence. Such footwear often has impression features of the wearer’s foot on the insole of the shoe. Scientific research and literature have established that footprints are distinct. This study compares two-dimensional measurements on bare footprints to foot impressions on insoles to determine if significant differences or similarities exist. Dynamic footprints were collected from 51 donors using the Identicator® Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. Seven foot length and width measurements were taken based on the Reel linear measurement method. Footprint measurements between bare footprints and foot impressions on the insoles were compared. Only two differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the various bare footprint and insole foot impression measurements on the right and left side for most of the measurements, CALC (p < 0.001) and A1 (p = 0.04). Bare footprint and insole A5 measurements on the left side were also significantly different (p = 0.015). The results of the study have implications in the forensic analysis of foot impression evidence on insoles in footwear in assisting with identifying the wearer of said footwear. Situations may arise in the forensic context when comparing the foot impression on the insole of footwear to a suspect’s bare footprint or a footprint from post-mortem remains. This study contributes to the scant literature available on the topic and to understanding the similarities and differences observed in the various linear measurements that may be utilized in the comparison process of footprint impressions on shoe insoles to bare footprints.     

Application of non-contact scanning to forensic podiatry: A feasibility study

Foot impression evidence recovered from crime scenes can be available in the form of barefoot prints, sock-clad footprints, or as impressions within footwear. In some cases, suspects leave their footwear at the scene of the crime, and the insoles from the footwear can be important in linking a person to the footwear. The application of 3D data-collecting technology is becoming more and more popular within forensic science and has been used to recover footwear impression evidence. The present study is a feasibility study to discover if 3D data capturing devices can be applied to insoles; to capture the footprint impression for measurement using the Gunn method (a method used in forensic podiatry casework). Three different methods of data capture were conducted; Adobe Photoshop, MeshLab, and calipers used directly on the insole. Paired t-tests and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were conducted for all three data capture methods. Seven measurements used in this study were significantly different across all three methods. ICC scores were moderate to excellent for the Photoshop method, poor to good for the 3D method, and moderate to excellent for the Direct method.     

A preliminary study investigating the overlay method in forensic podiatry for comparison of insole footprints

The overlay method is used in forensic podiatry to compare the shape, position, and overall fit of features between questioned and reference footprint evidence. However, the scientific foundation underpinning its validity in the comparison of insole footprints is not fully understood because of a lack of published data defining its statistical operating parameters. A review of literature revealed its subjective nature with little scientific validation, limited only to face validity.The aim of this study investigated strength of agreement between three expert footprint examiners’ overlay comparisons of ten reference insole footprints using Cohen’s weighted kappa (K_w). Validity of method was explored using measures of sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate (FPR), false negative rate (FNR), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results showed two examiners demonstrated high inter-rater consistency between their overlay comparisons (K_w: 0.981; 95 %CI: 0.943 to 1.020 for Rater1 v Rater2) whilst one examiner did not (K_w: 0.340; 95 %CI: 0.148 to 0.532 for Rater1 v Rater3; K_w: 0.310; 95 %CI: 0.100 to 0.519 for Rater2 v Rater3). Validity was investigated using a conclusion scale in a verbal expressions table to indicate support or rejection of compatibility of footprints between one questioned insole and ten reference insoles. Data analysis indicated validity as follows: Sensitivity: 77.8 %, Specificity: 61.9 %, FPR: 38.1 % and FNR: 22.2 %. ROC analysis corroborated this finding. AUC was calculated at 0.762 or 76.2 % indicating an ‘acceptable’ measure of overall accuracy of the overlay method for insole footprint comparison. Findings provide novel data supporting previous suggestions that the overlay method should not be used in isolation to compare insole footprints. Data also offers insight into the scientific foundation of this method, whilst highlighting its limitations and providing some implications and recommendations for forensic podiatry practice.     

Physical match: insole and shoe

In this case report, the authors show an interesting case of a physical match between an insole and a suspect shoe that was connected to the crime scene by a blood drop. Several pairs of shoes were seized and inspected. On the insoles of the main suspect's shoes, two different types of prints were seen, one was clear and the other image was faint. A physical match examination was conducted and the authors could place the right insole inside the right shoe. The insole was apparently glued to the shoe by the sweat, heat and dirt inside the shoe, and not by the manufacturer. In this case, the critical questions were how conclusive can the complexity of the random contours be, and whether the physical match between the two objects could pass the "Daubert challenge."     

The contact area of static and dynamic footprints: Forensic implications

When found at crime scenes, footprints may be evidentially valuable and can assist with the identity of a perpetrator based on their features and/or measurements. Footprints can be either static (made while standing) or dynamic (made while walking). While extensive research has been performed on the linear measurements obtained from static and dynamic footprints, research on the comparisons between the contact area of static and dynamic footprints in the forensic context are limited. The present study compares the contact area of static and dynamic bare footprints to determine if statistically significant differences exist between the two. Static and dynamic footprints were obtained from a sample of randomly-selected 461 Jatt Sikh adults (230 males and 231 females) of Indian origin between the ages of 19 and 32 years. The footprint contact area was calculated from each footprint (excluding the toes) using a PedoGRID® sheet. No statistically significant differences were observed between the contact area of static and dynamic footprints for each foot among males and females. However, statistically significant differences between both the sexes were found in the footprint contact areas of both footprint types. The right dynamic footprint contact area was found to be the most predictive measurement for classifying and estimating sex from a footprint’s contact area. The study has implications in the analysis of footprints recovered from crime scenes.     

利用不同鞋种鞋印长度推断身高差值探究

目的研究不同鞋种的鞋印长度与赤足平面足迹长度的差值数据,为利用现场各类不同穿鞋足迹分析身高等人身特点提供科学依据,也为足迹定量化分析与检验奠定基础。方法针对犯罪现场中常见鞋种,选取不同的鞋号,采集对不同足长、身高的实验者正常行走所捺印的穿鞋样本与赤足样本,对穿鞋足迹鞋印长度与赤足足迹长度进行统计与计算。结果得出不同鞋种鞋印长度与赤足平面足迹长度的差值数据。结论应用现场穿鞋足迹分析身高等人身特点时,应针对不同的鞋种,减去相关系数,结合原有身高分析公式,综合分析身高。     

利用多波段光源显现潜在粉尘足迹

通过对粉尘足迹的理化性质分析,借鉴多波段光源照射下用荧光粉处理潜指纹的方法,显现此类足迹.     

身高与足迹长度相关关系综合研究

目的全面分析研究足迹长度与身高之间的相关关系及其变化规律。方法在全国范围内大量抽样收集不同地区、不同年龄、不同性别人群的足迹样本,逐一测量其足迹长度,建立数据库,利用计算机进行综合统计、回归分析、比较研究。结果获得大量的分析数据及回归方程。结论足迹长度与身高之间的相关关系明显,可以根据足迹长度分析留痕人的身高。     

Reliability of a two-dimensional sock-clad footprint linear measurement method

A two-dimensional linear measurement approach for footprints, herein referred to as the “Reel Method,” has been shown to be valid and reliable when used on bare footprints, however, few measurement approaches have been examined on sock-clad footprints. The present investigation examines the validity and reliability of the Reel Method as a two-dimensional linear measurement approach for use on sock-clad footprints.A walking, mid-gait footprint was collected from 30 volunteer participants using the Identicator Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. The width of the ball of the foot, calcaneal width, and distance from the most posterior aspect of the heel to the most distal aspect of the first toe were each measured and compared between and within three raters. The statistical analysis demonstrated high reliability of the Reel Method among these three raters. The data were found to be normally distributed, and measurements were consistent between and within raters. 95% Intraclass Correlation coefficients, 95% Bland-Altman Limits of Agreement and 95% Standard Error of Measurement determined high statistical agreement between and within raters, demonstrating that the Reel Method is reliable and thus valid for the linear measurement of sock-clad footprints.