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当前法医DNA研究热点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
自80年代后期DNA技术应用于法科学以来,国内外有许多实验室都在法医DNA技术的研究上投入大量精力,由最初的RFLP(DNA指纹技术)拓展到了VNTR·PCR、STR-PCR、MVR-PCR、线粒体DNA测序技术及其他PCR相关技术,并将这些技术应用于办案实践。法医DNA技术在近几年进入了一个平台期,没有大的突破性研究进展,但仍存在着一些有待探索的课题。王法医DNA质量保证体系t‘〕法医DNA质量保证体系属于软科学研究领域。由于DNA检验结论能够认定或否定嫌疑人,是破案的重要甚至唯一的证据,也因为DNA检验复杂、难度大。环节多,… 相似文献
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目的 探究不同无损取材方式及DNA提取方法对棉织物上洗涤血斑DNA分析成功率的影响。方法 采用棉签擦拭法、植绒拭子擦拭法、脱落细胞粘取器粘取法富集洗涤棉织物上的血痕。分别采用Chelex 100法、过柱法和磁珠法提取DNA。采用常规PCR和复合PCR技术扩增目标片段并分别运用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和毛细管电泳技术检测目标产物。结果 植绒拭子擦拭法取材的效果最差,通过脱落细胞粘取器粘取法获得的DNA浓度、STR分型成功率均高于棉签擦拭法,且粘取法操作较简单,实践中优先推荐选择粘取法作为该类检材的取材方式。此外,DNA浓度和STR分型结果均表明过柱法提取DNA的效果优于Chelex法,而磁珠法在3种DNA提取方法中效果最差,建议实践中选择过柱法作为此类检材DNA提取的首选方法。结论 针对棉织物检材上洗涤血痕无损取材及DNA分析,优先推荐选择脱落细胞粘取器粘取法和过柱法分别进行样本取材以及DNA提取。 相似文献
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PCR技术在法医物证检验中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,简称PCR)技术自1985年由Saiki等首次报道以来,在分子生物学、医学、人类学、生物学等许多领域中,引起了科学工作者的极大兴趣,同样也受到法医学工作者的高度重视。近几年来,此项技术发展迅速,应用前景广阔。 1 法医物证检验近况 近几年来,由于分子生物学技术,特别是重组DNA技术的迅速发展,法医物证检验进入了一个新时代。DNA是人的遗传物质,基因则是在DNA长链上具有特定生物学功能的片段。由于DNA链上 相似文献
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近年来国内法医研究人员已先后将DNA遗传指纹图技术、单位点VNTR以及PCR-VNTR、PCR-ASO、PCR-STR、MVR-PCR。PCR.SSCP’等技术应用于法医学鉴定,使法庭科学对犯罪生物物证的个人识别能力的研究有了突破性进展,取得了令人瞩目的成就。笔者根据现有实验室条件和实际办案工作的需要,对DIS80、ApOB、HUMACTBPZ、HUMTH01等位点进行分析研究,除进行必要的基因频率调查、家系遗传性分析外,通过对天津地区60余起案件的检验,重点研究实际检案中的问题。材料和方法一、实验主要仪器、试剂卫.DNA热循环仪:(PCT… 相似文献
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80年代中期建立的聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术,以基因组DNA为模板在DNA聚合酶催化作用下,由一对寡核苷酸引物引导,在体外扩增靶DNA片段。经过约30个循环反应,靶DNA片段可扩增100万个拷贝。PCR技术使法医物证检验的灵敏度大为提高,达到纳克级DNA的超微量水平。近10年来,PCR技术在法医界迅速得以推广与使用,被称为第二代DNA分型技术。人类基因组内可变数目串联重复序列(VNTR)位点具有极高多态性,VNTR位点和片段长度等位基因多达数十,甚至数百。运用PCR技术扩增VNTR位点并经片段长度多态 相似文献
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制定我国罪犯DNA数据库管理规范的探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在司法鉴定领域,基因遗传分析技术已广泛地应用于个体识别和亲权鉴定检案之中,特别是利用DNA分型技术建立罪犯DNA数据库作为刑事案件侦破手段的设想,就其技术而言已逐步走向成熟和现实.近几年来美国和西欧一些国家相继建立了以PCR-STR分型技术为基础的罪犯DNA数据库,并且也已制定了相关的法律法规以此规范数据库的整个运作过程.1999年我国司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所开展和完成了"中国罪犯DNA数据库模式库"的研究工作,可以预计正式建立我国国家罪犯DNA数据库只是个时间问题,因此进行有关罪犯DNA数据库法律法规制定的研究工作是必须的,它是我国国家罪犯DNA数据库得以顺利建立和高效运作的重要保障之一. 相似文献
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Holobinko A 《Forensic science international》2012,222(1-3):394.e1-394.e13
Forensic human identification techniques are successful if they lead to positive personal identification. However, the strongest personal identification is of no use in the prosecution - or vindication - of an accused if the associated evidence and testimony is ruled inadmissible in a court of law. This review examines the U.S. and Canadian legal rulings regarding the admissibility of expert evidence and testimony, and subsequently explores four established methods of human identification (i.e., DNA profiling, forensic anthropology, forensic radiography, forensic odontology) and one complementary technique useful in determining identity, and the legal implications of their application in forensic cases. 相似文献
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D. Argac O. Bulbul M.S. Shahzad E. Acar H. Altuncul G. Filoglu 《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2009,2(1):99-101
In some forensic cases, nuclear DNA is degraded and cannot be analyzed. In such a case mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is usually used in forensic cases for identification because of its special features as high number of copies per cell, maternal inheritance and high mutation rate. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most abundant class of human polymorphisms. The aim of this study was optimization of 10 mtDNA SNPs by using SNaPshot minisequencing technique on ABI310 genetic analyser in forensic molecular genetics laboratory. At the end of this study, the optimization of minisequencing technique was done by changing some assay parameters. Also, during the optimization of 10 mtSNP loci in our laboratory. 相似文献
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A dependable and efficient wildlife species identification system is essential for swift dispensation of the justice linking wildlife crimes. Development of molecular techniques is befitting the need of the time. The forensic laboratories often receive highly ill-treated samples for identification purposes, and thus, validation of any novel methodology is necessary for forensic usage. We validate a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay, developed at this laboratory for the forensic identification of three Indian crocodiles, Crocodylus palustris, Crocodylus porosus, and Gavialis gangeticus, following the guidelines of Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods. The multiplex PCR was tested for its specificity, reproducibility, sensitivity, and stability. This study also includes the samples treated with various chemical substances and exposed to various environmental regimes. The result of this validation study promises this technique to be an efficient identification tool for Indian crocodiles and therefore is recommended for forensic purposes. 相似文献
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One of the stages of dealing with biological material submitted to forensic laboratories is species identification. The aim of the present work was to validate and assess the possibility of applying sequence analysis of the region coding cytochrome b as a method of species identification in the field of forensic science. DNA originating from individuals from major phyla of vertebrates was isolated by the organic method from various specimens. Extracted DNA was subjected to PCR and direct cycle sequencing using a universal pair of primers. The validation process, performed according to TWGDAM recommendations, revealed that the technique is a very sensitive and reliable method of species identification allowing analysis of tiny amounts of material and also degraded material, and can be useful in the field of forensic genetics. The case example presented here, concerning the determination of species origin of biological evidence collected from fatal road accident, confirms that analysis can be carried out even when there is no reference sample, and the sequences obtained can be assessed through analysis of their similarity to sequences for cytochrome b present in DNA databases. 相似文献