论民法上第三人的保护

本文以法律世界与生活世界的分离为理论起点，构筑了民法上第三人保护问题的整体解释、分析的理论框架。法律世界与生活世界有两种分离，由此形成了两种第三人，它们各有其保护或调整的原因及保护方法。第一种分离是法律把生活关系的主要方面抽象为法律关系，将次要方面予以舍弃造成的，由此形成了因法律关系扩张产生的第三人，法律对这种第三人进行调整的原因是出于对公平的不懈追求，对这类第三人的调整方法是确认相对权效力的扩张与债的关系效力的扩张。第二种分离是法律在真实权利之上建构出权利外观，权利外观与真实权利状态不符产生的，由此形成了因权利外观产生的第三人，对这种第三人进行保护主要是出于交易安全的需要，保护方法是确立外观理论。     

易读性传播:法律传播中的语言解码与理解

法律传播的任务是让社会成员更容易地理解法律语言和行为,但是,要达到这样的目标并不容易。基于专业术语的速记特点以及法律语言所承载的社会身份甄别功能和利益功能,法律语言的抽象式表述已成为传统,构成了逻辑自洽的形式语言,使得法律语言的专业性与受众的通俗性需求存在着冲突。因此,遵循维特根斯坦想象一种语言就意味着想象一种生活形式的哲学思维,法律语言的易读性传播,就是将法律语言从形式语言解码为日常语言,使法律语言嵌入生活形式,回到赖以生存的、具体的生活形式,通过对不同法律语言游戏的生活形式进行对比分析,使统一的专业术语与人们不同的生活形式对接,获得它原本的含义。     

法言法语的规范化(性)——一个基于近代中国语境的历史法学解释

本文梳理现代汉语的法律表意系统的历史源流,分析三类法律语词的成因、后果与背景,特别是此刻遭遇的问题,旨在促进汉语法律表意系统的专业性和规范化,进臻精准与雅致,而以实现中国这一政治法律时空中生活世界、规范世界与意义世界的协和不悖为指归。经此作业,旨在说明,所有的意义世界都必须找到自己的语言表达空间,才能赋予民族生活以文明衣钵,因此,对于法律语言的规范化(性)的研究,正是汉语表意系统之为一种法言法语,赋予中国法律文明的意义世界以自己的语言形式,裨其足能担当规范世界的表意之用的最后一役,也是刻下中国法律人不得不面对而终需完成的历史使命。     

法学研究中的概念分析方法

概念分析是现代分析法学的主要研究方法。概念分析通过区分概念和范畴的逻辑结构或必然与本质属性来探求我们的世界的某些方面的真。法学研究中的概念分析方法源于早期分析法学的分析传统和日常语言哲学。自H．L．A．哈特把日常语言哲学中的概念分析方法引入法学研究之后，这种方法在现代分析法学中得到广泛的运用。“法律是什么？”和“权利的性质是什么？”这类的问题必须借助概念分析的方法才能回答。概念分析可以用来探究法律命题的真。运用概念分析方法探讨法律的一般性问题是一种求知的体现。     

“法律行为”解释论——基于语言、逻辑和语言哲学三个向度

“法律行为”概念由德国民法创设的法技术词汇Rechtsgeschaeft翻译而生成.按照语言和逻辑的解释方法,“法律行为”与Rechtsgeschaeft的语义蕴合并不契合,二者之间存在着语言错位.出现这种结果的实质是语言哲学问题.作为符号的语言自身都是死的,只是在使用中才有生命.因此,对“法律行为”概念的解释,应当突破对译词的语言和逻辑解释局限.考察Rechtsgeschaeft的产生背景和使用意图,关注“法律行为”在民法生活中能动的使用,才是准确理解和解释“法律行为”的合理路径.     

网络空间自治论探析

随着互联网技术的发展,网络改变了人们物理状态下的社会生活状态。它在给我们的生活带来许多美好的变化,同时也给现存的物理世界的法律在互联网纠纷中的适用带来了困难。本文通过对网络空间自治理论的相关问题进行介绍,思考其与国家主权之间的协调,分析网络空间自治理论中存在的问题。     

网络空间自治论探析

随着互联网技术的发展,网络改变了人们物理状态下的社会生活状态.它在给我们的生活带来许多美好的变化,同时也给现存的物理世界的法律在互联网纠纷中的适用带来了困难.本文通过对网络空间自治理论的相关问题进行介绍,思考其与国家主权之间的协调,分析网络空间自治理论中存在的问题.     

浅谈多重语境下法律的形成

语境包含语言及非语言因素,表征了符号的历史性和延展性,并具有多重面向。法律理论都离不开社会语境对其理解的约束与形构,法律的形成过程就是凝聚这种期待的过程,同时也铸就了其保守性和滞后性的特征。除了生活世界以外,法庭情境和立法进程是分别基于实质效力和形式效力两个层面确保有效法律形成的两种互动机制。在交往理性精神的引导下,法律的形成意味着将特定社会规范或者行为方式的命名为法律的商谈过程。     

资本主义社会、金钱与正义

通过法律调整追求和实现正义是现代法治的基本目标.由于社会结构的多元化和文化的传统,法的理想与社会生活,尤其是法律制度之间也存在冲突与矛盾.本文研究了这种冲突产生原因与解决方法.     

互联网金融争议的解决

正互联网金融是新技术革命带来的经济结构和生活方式的变化。科技本身就带有创新的基因,因此科技与法律的冲撞,彼此互相塑造是不可避免的。一、互联网金融产业大发展带来的法律挑战金融是跨时间、跨地域的价值交换,这种交换一旦搭建在互联网、尤其是移动互联网之上,将会形成一个每个人都是终端、每一寸土地都是交易场的价值交换系统。因此,互联网金融必将给这个世界带来巨     

不确定法律语言的救济

法律与语言的关系极其密切,法律离不开语言。有些语言天生存在着不确定性,导致法律的不确定性增强。法律语言的不确定主要是因为语言的模糊和歧义造成的。法律语言的抽象范式与具体案件发生的实然形态具有天然的距离,虽然一定程度上增加法律规则适用的弹性,但是也在消解着法律的确定含义。消除法律语言的不确定,维护法律的确定性,需要从多种途径入手。需要依靠语言探究法律的确定性,通过各种法律解释方法维护法律的确定性,规范使用法律语言保障法律的确定性。     

法律移植问题探讨

法律移植概念为舶来语 ,应理解为对外来法的继受。法律移植是自古贯今人类法制史上的普遍现象。有六种因素影响法律移植 :经济因素、政治因素、民族因素、地理因素、社会因素、宗教因素。当代世界法律移植有两个新趋向 :法律走向国际统一化和以经济法律移植为主。在我国移植外来法中应注意 :优先考虑法学理论的移植 ,移植先进的法制 ,移植周密完善的法制。     

“Critical Legal Histories Revisited”: A Response

The author responds to comments reappraising “Critical Legal Histories” (CLH) (1984). CLH critiqued “evolutionary functionalism,” the idea that law is a functional response to a typical modernizing process. CLH argued that “society” was partly constituted of legal elements and that law was too indeterminate to have reliably regular functional effects. CLH has been misinterpreted as calling for a return to internal histories of “mandarin” doctrine: all it said was that some doctrinal histories were valuable, without privileging them. This response clarifies that the relations of law to society and social change, and of high‐level official law to everyday local law are distinct issues. CLH is mostly moot today, since social‐legal historians have incorporated its insight that legal concepts are embedded in everyday social practice. But other fields have revived deterministic Whiggish accounts of progressive development and of law functional to it—to which CLH's critique still seems relevant.     

About the Meaning of the Legal Aspect of Practical Semantics in Estonian Legal Order

This article is aimed at regarding, from the author’s viewpoint, one possible jurisprudential theory for rational understanding of legal order – the structuring theory of law. It is very important that cognition of a legal order should be based on the rules which could be designated as “laws of jurisprudence”. Naturally, this does not mean legislation within the concept of objective law. Rather, these laws can be referred to as certain regularities, ignorance of which would, however, either impossibly or substantially complicate the legal process of decision-making, both in law-making (as the so-called decisional function is contained in law itself¹) or the practical legal process of making decisions (the application of law). In recent years, a conception involving cooperation between linguists and jurists has emerged in the discussion of jurisprudential methodology. This constitutes an interdisciplinary approach to motivation of legal decision-making and involves, on the one hand, “practical semantics” and researchers thereof,² and on the other hand, representatives of the so-called structuring theory of law.³ In specialist literature, the structuring theory of law has also been referred to as the Müller Schoo1.⁴ The role of language and linguistic arguments in the discussion and practice of legal working methods serves as a connective principle in such interdisciplinary approach (co-operation).     

论法律利益

利益是极为重要的生活资源。凭藉这种资源 ,社会主体便能获取好处 ,满足需要或愿望 ,使生活达致某种景况。法律利益是从利益体系中剥离出来的 ,以法定形式存在的利益。利益一旦被选择和确认为法律利益 ,它就成为法律权利。法与利益的联系具有必然性 ,法的产生、内容、本质和发展 ,在很大程度上是立基于对利益资源的配置和固化的结果。法律对利益的调节和处理需要有科学的标准和原则。现代法律所调处的利益关系和利益冲突是复杂的 ,而中国国情则使这种调处更显复杂性     

Under the Law: Legal Consciousness and Radical Environmental Activism

A growing body of sociolegal scholarship focuses the study of law away from formal texts and legal institutions and toward the experiences and perceptions of “everyday” citizens. This study introduces seventeen “radical” environmentalists who engage a repertoire of tactics that includes some actions that involve relatively severe forms of illegality. This research seeks to investigate the role of civil disobedience and lawbreaking within the radical environmental movement and the corresponding legal consciousness of movement actors. Utilizing ethnographic fieldwork and content analysis, this analysis suggests that Ewick and Silbey's (1998 ) three‐tiered model of legal consciousness is an operative starting point, but could be enhanced through theoretical expansion. This study proposes a new category of legal consciousness—Under the Law—that views the law as the protector and defender of a social order that is fundamentally illegitimate. Under the Law is qualitatively different from existing conceptualizations of legal consciousness and reaffirms the mutually constitutive nature of law and society.     

法律发展与法律知识化

法律发展首先必须面对合法化与价值诉求问题，而这一切又无不与作为基础的法律主体的知识立场密切相关。如何谋求“法律知识化”、话语合法化以及法律主体的价值立场的有效运作，是法律文明、有效发展的必要途径，也是法律发展话语摒弃规则主义弊端制约而建构自我所不可回避的挑战。从西方国家的经验看，现代法治的确立与以理性化为核心的法律知识化过程密不可分，法律知识化由知识对法律的关系提升、扩展为一种法律观，再由一种法律观落实为一种价值观、方法论，并由此引导法律主体追求和建设一种新的法律文明。更为重要的是，“法律知识化”使法治成为近代法律发展的本质性，把知识化原则导入法律发展领域，从而实现了法律发展的革命性变革。     

On Myth,Considered as a Method for Legal Thought

The textual form of law relates to language and not to narration but to myth. Law's text does not develop in the temporal sequence of past-present-future, but spreads by analogy of concentric circles. If ‘normal’ myth is a folklore of people then the law is a myth retold by lawyers. For the sake of separation of legal myth from mythology as a whole, law creates its own rituals. In post-modern societies the mythologization of law becomes even more important as the boundaries between legal and lay communities are challenged. Classical legal theories cannot deal with this change and Kafka's The Trial is as good a jurisprudence as any other legal theory. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Some Problems of Legal Language

Abstract. The author moves from the consideration of law as a set of rules serving as a means of socially regulating human conduct. He focuses on the fact that in order to fulfil its function, the law must be seen as a type of information. In this perspective law is a particular language and therefore gives rise to linguistic problems, linked to the technical character of juristic discourse. The author deals with some of the linguistic and sociological aspects of legal language and attempts to pinpoint some trends of interlingual development.     

Rights, Performatives, and Promises in Karl Olivecrona's Legal Theory

Abstract.  Karl Olivecrona (1971 ) maintains that "right" is a "hollow word," and so also for some other legal terms. "Right," he says, "has no conceptual background." He arrives at this position after an examination of metaphysical and naturalistic accounts, including American legal realism. Some of Olivecrona's arguments will be evaluated here. His position is influenced by Hägerström's theory of legal language, but he argues that Hägerström fails to account for how such terms as "right,""duty," etc. function in legal discourse and why they are useful. A parallel approach is also found in Olivecrona's book The Problem of the Monetary Unit (1957 ). Olivecrona is left with the problem of how such "hollow" terms function. His explanation is largely psychological. Going beyond J. L. Austin's notion of performatory language, he introduces the idea of performatory imperatives. I propose to submit Olivecrona's approach to a critical examination. It is suggested that had he started from everyday, nonlegal promises and commitments he might well have ended up with a different theory of legal language.