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死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)推断一直是法医工作的重点和难点之一,法医昆虫学在PMI推断上有着独特的优势。近年来,法医昆虫学的理论和技术不断丰富,但在研究和实践中仍然有许多问题。Daubert规则的提出,对应用法医昆虫学知识推断PMI的可信度及准确度提出了更多的要求。本文围绕Daubert规则从生态学、数量遗传学、种群遗传学、分子生物学、微生物学等角度综述了这些理论在法医昆虫学中的应用,为基础理论研究和法医实践之间搭建了一座桥梁,以便运用法医昆虫学在PMI推断中为司法实践提供更准确的依据。 相似文献
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死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)推断是命案现场首先要解决的重要问题之一,因此法医学者运用了大量的技术和统计学方法试图精确推断PMI.由于PMI推断受到外部、内部、死亡前和死亡后等多种因素影响,既往多种方法均存在局限性.傅里叶变换红外(Fourier transform infrared,FTIR)光谱技术已应用于蛋白质、核酸、碳水化合物的纯品物质研究上,近年来也被广泛用于研究复杂的细胞和组织.功能强大的计算机软件可以对光谱变换、平滑、基线校正、归一化等进行处理,使FTIR光谱仪对样本的定量研究成为可能,并从分析化学领域推广到生物学和临床医学研究.本文综述了FTIR光谱原理及其在生物医学中的应用,并着重阐述死后尸体组织的FTIR光谱学变化及在PMI推断中的应用价值. 相似文献
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法医昆虫学是近年来法庭科学中发展较快的学科之一,而利用昆虫学证据来推断死亡时间或称死后经历时间(PMI)是其最主要的应用。当尸体PMI达一周以上,无法通过蝇蛆生长发育历期来推算时,仍可以借助嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律来判断。嗜尸性昆虫群落演替规律与尸体腐败过程息息相关,法医昆虫学家通过对尸体腐败进行人为分期,能够辨别出不同的演替波次,从而达到推断PMI的目的。本文对嗜尸性昆虫群落演替研究与应用进行了综述,并分析了未来研究趋势,希望能为相关研究和实践应用提供参考。 相似文献
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《法医学杂志》2021,(3)
死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)推断一直是困扰法医学工作者的难题之一,尤其是荒郊野外或偏僻屋内的高度腐败尸体更是难以使用常规手段推断PMI,因此常需要借助现场中的昆虫证据来推断。不同种属的蝇类发育时间差异较大,在实际案件中,如果不进行种属鉴定而直接测量蝇蛆体长、计算积温或演替阶段,或是基于错误的种属鉴定来计算,往往会导致推算出的结果与实际PMI之间出现较大偏差,误导案件侦查方向。因此,使用法医昆虫学方法来推断腐败尸体PMI,必须先进行准确的昆虫种属鉴定。本文对嗜尸性蝇类不同虫态的大体和超微形态学种属鉴定以及分子生物学种属鉴定方法进行综述,以期为相关研究和实践提供新思路和新方法,为法医昆虫学在鉴定实践的应用推广提供参考。 相似文献
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《法医学杂志》2018,(2):165-170
Postmortem interval (PMI)estimation is one of the most challenging problems in the field of forensic science. Vitreous humor is a hotspot which has been used for PMI estimation and postmortem chemical analysis in forensic pathology. In order to provide novel perspectives for the future research of PMI estimation using vitreous humor, the comparison between vitreous humor with other common body fluids, the effect of temperature on vitreous humor, vitreous humor detection method and data fitting method have been reviewed in this paper. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine. 相似文献
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推断死后间隔时间(postmortem interval, PMI)一直是法医学鉴定中需要解决的重要问题之一。可用于推断PMI的尸体检材有很多种,脑组织因其独特的解剖学位置与生理功能,是推断PMI的重要检材之一。本文从三个方面将根据脑组织推断PMI的方法进行综述,包括了通过脑组织的温度、形态特点等尸体现象推断PMI;通过死后脑脊液、脑组织的成分,如简单元素、小分子物质、蛋白质、DNA、RNA变化规律等生化改变推断PMI;通过脑组织、硬脑膜的生物力学特征、电学特性等物理特征推断PMI。虽然根据脑组织推断PMI的研究取得了较好的成果,但是由于PMI受到多种因素的影响,应用时仍需结合现场环境、案情等运用多种指标综合判断。本文综述了根据脑组织推断PMI的方法,旨在为法医学PMI推断提供参考。 相似文献
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Jeffrey D. Wells Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(2):634-637
Several authors claimed that a forensic entomological analysis can never be interpreted as the postmortem interval (PMI), but that it can be interpreted as a minimum postmortem interval (PMImin), or dead for not less than X amount of time. Because in most instances, a PMI estimate should be a range, that is, the set of values from maximum postmortem interval (PMImax) to PMImin, objections to PMI estimation are objections to PMImax estimation. The arguments for this position did not address the substantial body of literature describing estimation of both PMImax and PMImin using insect succession analysis. This report reviews the scientific issues and presents a recent homicide investigation in which several forensic entomology experts used the absence of carrion insects on the corpse, a kind of succession analysis, to estimate PMI or PMImax. 相似文献
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Estimation of short-term postmortem interval utilizing core body temperature: a new algorithm 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Nelson EL 《Forensic science international》2000,109(1):31-38
The use of temperature-based short-term postmortem interval (PMI) estimation methods can be useful to homicide investigators at the scene of a questionable death; however, a number of current PMI estimation techniques have high error rates such that they are of limited utility to law enforcement investigators and forensic professionals. These methods fail to control confounding errors present in individual data. An averages-based method of short term postmortem interval estimation was compared to eight other methods, and found to predict postmortem interval considerably more accurately, and for much longer periods of time. 相似文献
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Throughout the years an increase has been observed in research output on biochemical markers for determining the postmortem interval (PMI). However, to date, a complete overview is missing on the results of postmortem biochemical markers (PBM's) for PMI estimation. In this paper, literature was reviewed in order to identify the knowledge lacunae of PBM research from a practical point of view. A three-step approach was undertaken in order to achieve the set goal. Literature was collected, the PBM's were evaluated for completeness by means of a scorings index based on set criteria, and PBM's were subsequently evaluated in light of the Daubert & Frye criteria for scientific evidence in court. Seven PBM's were found to be well investigated, from which potassium had the highest completion score. However, none of these PBM's could be qualified as suitable for court evidence. Further, this study revealed that the majority of PBM's (94%) is not well investigated. Consequently, these PBM's did not meet Daubert & Frye criteria. In order to improve the assessment for use of PBM's as evidence in court regarding PMI estimation, PBM's should be investigated more thoroughly and data should be made readily available. 相似文献
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免疫印迹检测人胸大肌肌钙蛋白I推断较晚期死后经过时间 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
目的研究人死后骨骼肌肌钙蛋白I(Skeletal troponn in I,sTnI)的变化规律,探讨较晚期死后经过时间推断方法。方法以人胸大肌为研究对象,利用免疫印迹(W estern b lot)结合图象分析技术半定量检测不同离体时间内人胸大肌sTnI的含量,观察其与离体时间的关系。结果人胸大肌sTnI含量随离体时间延长而逐渐下降,与离体时间的对数值呈近似的线性关系:Y=11 972.5-4 761.9 lgX,相关系数r=0.989;离体5d的人胸大肌仍可检出sTnI。结论检验人死后骨骼肌(胸大肌)sTnI的含量有望成为用于推断人体较晚期死后经过时间的新技术。 相似文献