法官和律师的良性互动职业关系之建构

法官和律师同为法律职业共同体和职业法律人,虽身份和职责存在一定差异,但双方都在促进司法公正和社会公正,理应是相互独立、相互尊重、相互理解、相互配合、相互制约的法律职业共同体关系。最高人民法院高度重视建立法官和律师的良性互动职业关系,曾与司法部联合发布了《关于规范法官和律师相互关系维护司法公正的若干规定》,对法官和律师的关系进行规范。     

法官应确立法律共同体的理念 邹碧华谈法官与律师的关系

法官与律师的关系一向敏感,无论是法官对律师还是律师对法官,彼此在理解、沟通或尊重方面多年来存在不同程度的问题。为改善这一关系,邹碧华力主推出一系列举措,如长宁法院"尊重律师的十条意见",上海法院的律师一卡通、律师诉讼服务平台等。在2012年8月《法官应当如何对待律师》一文中,他认为,法官与律师关系不处理好,将会给司法公正及司法公信力造成巨大伤害。鉴于法官在与律师关系的构建过程中的主导地位。法官应当把建立社会信任作为自己的使命。     

构建和谐的法官与律师关系——新疆自治区高级法院、司法厅、法官协会和律师协会建立会商机制

7月22日，新疆自治区高级法院、司法厅、法官协会和律师协会召开联席会议，讨论了《联席会议会商机制规则》、《法官协会、律师协会相互沟通工作的若干意见》、《关于加强法官与律师相互监督的规定》和《关于依法规范我区司法诉讼活动的意见》（讨论稿）等四个文件。这是四家单位为落实此前形成的《构建和谐的法官与律师关系座谈会会议纪要》精神，建立会商机制而召开的第一次联席会议。     

“面对面”与“背靠背”——法官代表和律师代表的对话

司法公正是全社会的共同期待,维护司法公正是法律人神圣的责任。同属法律职业共同体的法官和律师因为近年个别腐败案件的发生,他们之间的职业关系引起了社会的关注,也成为“两会”中人大代表审议最主持人:3月9日,最高人民法院肖扬院长向十届全国人大三次会议做的工作报告中,把“严格规范法官和律师的关系”作为加强人民法院队伍建设的重要内容,比去年提出的“隔离带”更加明确。你们认为,法官和律师之间应当是一种什么关系?用“隔离带”能隔得开吗?汪利民:在现代法制社会中,法官和律师同属法律职业,同受法律教育,同操法律语言,同循法律思维,…     

法律

律师有权监督法官 6月4日,最高人民法院院长肖扬在最高院、司法部贯彻落实《关于规范法官和律师相互关系维护司法公正的若干规定》电视电话会议上强调,欢迎律师和社会各界对法官     

我与律师的故事

去年，两则关于律师与法官关系的新闻炒得沸沸扬扬。一则是湖南律师杨金柱向吉林省高级法院院长张文显发函要求其就在两会期间关于不良律师拉法官下水的言论道歉，张文显院长亲自在网上回应，双方沟通良好，共同表达了改善法官与律师这个“法律职业共同体”的愿景。另一则是云南律师何某要求对庭审笔录进行补正被法官拒绝后，律师拒绝签字并在笔录结尾处对此予以说明，法官则责令法警将律师拘留并交法警将其铐在篮球架上暴晒。两则新闻，让我想起自己10年法官生涯中与律师打交道的点点滴滴。     

我们有一个共同的目标

在我国，律师与法官的关系是互相联系、互相配合、互相制约的。一、漳师与法官的互外国联只是因为：互．律师与法官这两种职业在工作中的联系是最密切的，工作中的来往是最多的。律师与法官的联系相对于与警官、检察官等从整体上看，要多的多。因为律师与法官与警官、检察官的联系主要是刑事案件，虽然检察机关依法可以对发生法律效力的民事、行政案件进行监督，提起抗诉，毕竟参与的比例不大。其他行政执法机关也主要是在行政诉讼中，而律师与法官几乎在所有的诉讼案件中有在工作上联系。2律师与法官虽然在诉讼中所处的角色不同，但在进行…     

法官“下海”与律师“上岸”的问题与思考

一，有必要从律师中遴选法官吗?近年来，不少学者主张从资深律师中遴选法官，对此，我国法院系统也作出了相当积极的回应。2004年6月3日，在最高人民法院、司法部召开的贯彻落实《关于规范法官和律师相互关系维护司法公正的若干规定》电视电话会议上，最高人民法院院长肖扬的话掷地有声：“我们不能干涉个人的职业选择．但我们可以通过制度，逐步实现法官职业与律师职业的不断合理化。     

法官与律师的关系

在当今的社会,律师和法官的关系由于一些历史、立法和自身素质等原因已经形成了一种扭曲病态的状态,所以更应该使这样的状态趋于正常、单纯,即对一件案件的"表达和判断"的关系。在普通法系的国家当中,由于律师和法官的角色一体化,形成了法官与律师的关系在某种程度上达到了一定的和谐,所以我国应该在借鉴其他国家优秀的法律制度的同时在司法独立等条件之下规范律师和法官的关系,最终使这种关系和谐地发展。     

律师和法官关系失范的原因

在审判关系之中,律师之间,律师与公诉人之间形成平等的诉讼对抗,法官则是踞于其上,处于中立地位的居中裁判者。但在实际的情形之中,法官过于热心地投身于职权审查、甚至是对另一方的追诉活动之中;法官不尊重律师,当庭呵斥、辱骂、哄赶、殴打律师;律师与法官不正常交往,律师行贿,法官受贿,已经成为律师与法官关系备受诟病的话柄,对于其中的成因,本文剖析了立法的漏洞、制度的欠缺、律师的社会地位低下、律师执业权的限制、法官的自由裁量权过大、法官待遇偏低等六方面原因。     

民初律师惩戒制度论析——以惩戒案例为中心

律师惩戒制度对维持律师队伍的道德水准和专业素质起着规范和监督作用.在本质上这一制度反映出律师行业的自治性和国家对这一行业监督、管理和控制的互动关系.民初北洋政府时期在律师惩戒领域实行的是两级两审制:由高等审判厅推事组成的律师惩戒会是初审机构,由大理院推事组成的复审查律师惩戒会是复审机构.这一时期的律师惩戒事宜几乎完全被司法机构所垄断,律师公会被排除在外.就制度渊源而论,北洋时期的律师惩戒制度是对大陆法系中日本制度的借鉴,而有别于德国的相关制度.     

The Social Organization of Legal Services to Indigent Defendants

This article draws together materials portraying appointed counsel services in a variety of jurisdictions to illustrate the role of court organization in shaping legal services to indigent defendants. Many criminal courts are bifurcated into preliminary hearing and trial courts. Legal representation of indigents is frequently organized to parallel these stages. As a result, indigent defendants receive defense services from a succession of different lawyers at different stages of their cases. This occurs in three ways. First, some defendants legally eligible for appointed counsel at the inception of their cases have counsel appointed for them only at the trial court after initially employing their own counsel at the preliminary hearing. The dual court system encourages such one-stage representation by private lawyers by facilitating their withdrawal between stages of a case. Second, indigents may also have different private lawyers appointed to represent them at different stages because judges, interested in efficiently running their court calls, desire that particular lawyers represent indigents in their courtrooms. Finally, defender offices often assign different lawyers to different stages as a result of both the demands by judges that defenders be assigned exclusively to their courtrooms and the costs of delivering continuous legal services in a tiered judicial system. For indigent defendants the sequential system of representation may adversely affect the quality of case preparation and undermine a sound attorney-client relationship.     

美国的律师考试制度及其对我国司法考试的启示

在美国 ,法学专业教育是参加律师考试必不可少的条件 ,而通过律师考试是步入律师界的必经之路。职业责任考试在律师考试中占有举足轻重的地位。几乎所有的法官和检察官都是来自于律师队伍。这种职业准入制度有着诸多可资借鉴之处。我们应当加强职业责任教育在法学教育中的地位 ,加大职业责任在律师考试中的份量 ,逐渐建立一种制度 ,即只有通过律师考试的人才有资格任法官或检察官。     

组织视角下的民事诉讼发回重审制度

民诉法学界和实务界有关二审程序中的发回重审存在较大争议,该制度成为本次民诉法修改的重要议题之一。为了形成共识,对这一问题从法解释论的角度进行阐释解说尤为必要。为了限制发回重审裁量权的滥用,我国司法实践中采用程序细化与加强对审判的组织管理并行的策略。不过这种"程序"与"组织"的交织并不能真正抑制裁量权滥用,反而因剥夺当事人的程序参与权而损害审判的公信力。为调整二者的相互关系,应在审判管理的组织背景下保障审判程序的自主性,恢复当事人在程序运作中的结构性位置。     

Courtroom Discourse and the Gendered Construction of Professional Identity

In addition to providing an arena for dispute resolution, the courtroom serves lawyers and judges as an important site for the construction and maintenance of their Professional identity. It is mainly through the strategic use of language within the constraints on courtroom discourse that this process takes place. Within the framework of feminist theories of language as constituent of social identity, this paper analyzes courtroom interaction to determine how gender affects the construction of the Professional identity of lawyers and judges in Israeli district courts. Quantitative analyses of terms of address, intrusions, judges'takeover of examinations, challenging comments, and the forms and use of directives indicated that women judges and women lawyers were accorded less deference than men, and that the Professional competence of women lawyers was challenged and undermined. The qualitative analysis of the off-the-record comments by judges, lawyers, and witnesses to lawyers revealed that all participants questioned the professional performance of women lawyers in gender-stereotypic ways. The devaluation of women professionals and the gendered interpretations of their behavior enacted through the discourse in the courtroom may have implications for the outcomes of trials.     

Poetic Justice: An Interpretation of Lawyers’ Reactions to Verse Judgments

This article offers an interpretation of lawyers’ reactions to verse judgments, being judicial decisions rendered in rhymed poetry form. While, in recent history, there has been an unexplained break in the close historical connection between poetry and law, some judges nevertheless continue to render their judicial decisions in verse. This has met strong criticism from fellow judges, inevitably, but also from lawyers. However, there is no evidence in academic writing of anyone attempting to explain why lawyers are having these reactions. Endeavouring to fill that void, this research employs hermeneutics to offer an interpretation of lawyers’ reactions to verse judgments. The article analyses the varied opinions uncovered in five qualitative interviews with lawyers of different backgrounds, and contends that a movement of poetry back towards its utilitarian origins would see lawyers change their reaction to verse judgments, instead viewing them as an appropriate form of judicial expression.     

再论律师在场权——以台湾地区为参照

在台湾地区刑事诉讼中,在场权被视为律师一项独立的权利,具有重要的价值。台湾地区在司法警察、检察官及法官实行某些调查行为时均给予律师以在场权,同时设置一些例外,能够在保障人权与控制犯罪维持一种均衡,此外,与在场权相配套的程序设置也相对比较完善,值得学习与借鉴。     

Trial Advocacy Competence: The Judicial Perspective

The competence of attorneys, and more particularly the competence of trial lawyers, is currently an issue of considerable controversy both within the judiciary and within the legal profession itself. This article addresses the issue of attorneys' courtroom performance as observed by judges. Drawing on data from a survey administered to state and federal judges sitting in trial courts of general jurisdiction, this article explores the relationship of demographic and judicial characteristics to various judicial evaluations of advocacy competence. While it provides important insights into the present state of trial advocacy competence, it also constitutes a systematic examination of the judiciary's perceptions of the trial bar.     

透过民国时期的法官与律师看司法腐败的生成——以江西地区为例

民国时期江西地区是一个富有多样性的司法实践场域,而司法制度变革成效有赖于法律职业群体的努力推进,其中以法官和律师的作用最为关键。由于狭隘的地域人际圈子,造成具有共同专业背景的法官与律师之间固结勾兑的利益联盟。而日益困窘的生活状况又加剧了司法人员权力寻租的恶习,加上司法人员岗位轮换频繁的体制影响,使得家祠化的司法机关成为任用私人和贪赃枉法的渊薮。备受社会舆论和当事人抨击的法官和律师,同时也频频受到体制内的检控惩戒,寄望于如此消极低效的法律职业群体来推进司法制度变革前行,无异于痴人说梦。腐败不堪的江西地方司法预示着基层民众对法律信仰的彻底丧失,而这些旧法统的操持者注定要为旧法统和旧政权殉葬。     

民国上海女律师的执业困境与自我成就

随着民国女律师的出现,中国女性参与法律职业的空白状态终于被打破,成为中国男女在法律职业上平等之起点。由于“赋权”式执业资格的实现方式,女律师执业权利实现后的经营面临着诸多的困境。初入职场的女律师备受时人瞩目,但旧有的律师评价体系仍用“女流之辈”这类标签,高傲地认为妇女与法律职业是相矛盾的。民国女律师在执业过程中要同时克服来自时代、自身以及同业男性律师的三重困境。面对既存的男性律师关系网带来的压力,她们没有甘心屈居“他者”的地位,而是调动一切资源开展业务,试图跻身民国律师中的佼佼者行列。