论行政法对物自由流通的限制——从法律经济学视角分析原因

我国法学界对为何要限制物的自由流通这一问题尚未有系统和深入的理论分析;而在立法和司法过程中,有关人士已对该相关具体问题存在重大争议,急需进一步的理论研究。本文采用法律经济学分析政府监管制度的理论框架,从克服市场失灵问题、实现分配目标、出于父母式关爱主义和服务于利益集团私利四个方面的可能理由来系统地解释和论证行政法对物自由流通的限制制度,并对我国一些具体相关制度进行分析。     

Legal aspects of withholding treatment from handicapped newborns: substantive issues

The controversy over nontreatment of handicapped newborns arises in a context of criminal and civil law, against which the current controversy has unfolded. This article examines the legal setting and background under traditional criminal and civil law concepts of nontreatment of handicapped newborns. It focuses on substantive principles of law, showing that nontreatment would be legally permitted when treatment could not be reasonably said to be in the interest of the patient involved, and that nontreatment could be considered criminal where treatment would serve patient interests. It then relates this analysis to procedural issues and the federal Baby Doe legislation and regulations that have recently emerged.     

Financial instruments entail liabilities: Ether,bitcoin, and litecoin do not

The financial assets that are subject to major EU financial legislation (i.e. (designated types of) financial instruments) have traditionally been defined in a largely exemplary and circular manner. The recent proliferation of ‘non-traditional’ financial assets, such as cryptocurrencies and stablecoins, is increasingly challenging the viability of these pragmatic financial asset definitions. Through the analysis of the technologies and functionalities underpinning non-traditional financial assets, legal scholarship has aimed to categorize novel assets within the existing framework of financial asset definitions. Although a solid understanding of e.g. distributed ledger applications and cryptography appears a prerequisite for future policy and legislative interventions, contemporary EU financial legislation is mostly indifferent to the technologies on which financial assets may be wired. Categorizations based on the purposes that non-traditional assets may serve (i.e. payment, utility, and investment) are more relevant to financial law, but suffer from subjectivity because they depend on the asset usage by the asset holder. Against this backdrop, this paper proposes a novel systematization of non-traditional assets that is based upon the conceptual substructure of the assets within the scope of EU financial legislation. More specifically, this paper submits that, irrespective of underlying technologies and functionalities, all assets that are subject to major EU financial legislation have a conceptual common denominator: they entail the liability of an entity and, hence, have intrinsic value. The proposed categorization singles out a well-defined group of novel financial assets that is not subject to EU financial law (i.e. assets that only have extrinsic value). Different from functionality- and technology-based categorizations, the suggested approach allows to eradicate some ambiguities that are present in the existing taxonomies. By exploring the conceptual common denominator of the financial assets that are subject to EU financial legislation, this paper aims to foster debate on the circular and exemplary character of financial asset definitions in EU financial legislation in general and the relation of these definitions to novel types of financial assets in particular.     

生态文明社会调节机制：立法评估与制度重塑

生态文明社会调节机制是否完善,直接关系到生态文明建设的成败。而生态文明社会调节机制的法律体系是一个纷繁复杂的法律系统,包括从中央到地方的法律、法规和其它规范性文件。通过运用要素量化评估法,并辅之以法律解释学的价值判断,可以有效地发现生态文明社会调节法律体系的问题和缺陷,进而提出完善该法律体系和加强生态文明法制建设的建议。     

论地方立法的层次构成与效力体系

地方立法是国家法律的重要组成部分。由于我国的行政区划的种类和层级都比较多 ,不同种类 ,不同层级的行政区划 ,享有的地方立法权的大小和范围是不一样的 ;同一级别的行政区划 ,有的享有立法权 ,有的不享有立法权 ,所以我国的地方性法规和规章 ,有着较为复杂的层次构成和效力等级体系 ,具有复杂性和多样性的特点     

More Reasons Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy

It is generally assumed, without argument, that legal theory, legal philosophy, philosophy of law, and jurisprudence all mean the same thing. This paper rejects that assumption, and in particular the assumption that jurisprudence is the same thing as legal philosophy. This assumption has recently been challenged by Roger Cotterrell in his article “Why Jurisprudence Is Not Legal Philosophy,” and I seek to build on his arguments by adding insights found in the work of Stanley Fish.     

On the Use of Law in Transatlantic Relations: Legal Dialogues between the EU and US

Law plays a significant role in contemporary transatlantic relations outside of the bilateral context which, from the perspective of EU external relations law, might seem neither conventional nor apparent. Non‐bilateral transatlantic relations increasingly deploy law as a communication tool between the two legal orders. For example, in 2011, the US intervened informally and anonymously in the formulation of EU legislation, while the US House of Representatives passed legislation to prohibit the impact of EU law upon the US legal order. Another example is constituted by EU amicus curiae submissions before the US Supreme Court in death penalty cases. The so‐called Brussels effect is also the subject of recent scholarship, assessing the perceived spillover effect of EU regulatory standards onto US rules. The paper provides many vivid examples of the variable institutional and legal components of transatlantic relations not usually accounted for in scholarship on transatlantic relations.     

法理学的定义与意义

法理学是一个运用哲学方法研究法律基本问题的学术门类 ,与法律哲学或法哲学含义相同 ,都是探讨法律的一般性问题的学科。与其他法学门类相比较 ,法理学的对象超越了实在法规范 ,甚至更多地以相关法律思想和学说为研究的直接对象 ,从中获得思考现实法律问题的精神养料 ,目的是建构和探索法律的理论问题。因此 ,法理学的意义主要在于开启心智、启蒙思想 ,提高法律职业者的理论思维能力。     

Decentralisation and Integration into the Community Administrations: A New Perspective on European Agencies

Abstract: This paper focuses on the adoption of a number of Community regulations, each for a specific sector, to be implemented not just by a supranational administration (central or peripheral), but by a plurality of national, supranational and sometimes mixed authorities, with a special role assigned to a Community office set up by the same legislation for a given sector, and granting it legal personality. The purpose of this paper is to verify whether the various regulations by sector ought not to be regarded as variants of an emergent general model of joint exercise of certain Community functions. It is argued that such general model is still in the making, but it is in the process of becoming consolidated, notwithstanding the variety of approaches adopted by European legislators. Such a pattern is characterised by specific, differentiated organisational and procedural features. This conclusion is relevant in several different ways, the first of which is that it provides new conceptual tools for interpreting and explaining the process of administrative integration between supranational and national public authorities, in particular by specifying the taxonomy of the patterns through which a Community function can be carried out by two different authorities acting jointly. Second, the decentralised integration model should be considered as a sound and feasible option for the administrative evolution of the Community legal system.     

法律期间制度的功能与建构

作为一种法律现象 ,法律期间之所以出现在众多的法律之中 ,是由其内含的制度功能决定的。现行立法尽管已对法律期间有所重视 ,但仍然存在着相当的立法缺陷。学界应当积极培育法律期间立法的理论资源 ,立法者对法律期间进行立法规制时 ,也必须遵循相应的设置规则     

THE BOOKSHELF

Book reviews in this article
Bruce J. Winick and David B. Wexler (Eds.), Judging in a Therapeutic Key: Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Courts     

论质量法学学科的创建

质量法学是研究广义的质量法律制度、质量法律现象以及与质量法律相关诸问题及其规律的一门新兴学科。质量法学不但具有自身独特的研究对象,而且还具有自身独立的研究问题,故从学科划分的标准来看其完全能够成为一门独立的学科。中国目前创建质量法学的主客观条件已基本成就,创建质量法学正逢其时。质量法学必将是一门具有广阔发展前途的学科,我们应加强其相关基础理论的研究。     

网络时代的隐私权──兼论美国和欧盟网络隐私权保护规则及其对我国的启示

随着网络和信息技术的快速发展,网络上的个人隐私权正在被严重地侵害,面对这种侵害,各国都致力于建立完善的网络隐私权法律保护体系。从比较研究的角度讨论美国和欧盟的网络隐私权立法保护模式和规则,并对我国网络隐私权的保护提出立法建议。     

法理天空 用精取宏——评《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》

《法理学:法律哲学与法律方法》一书运用整体论的方法,描述了西方从古希腊到二十世纪七十年代的各种法哲学流派的思想、理论和主义,论证了法律是秩序与正义的综合体,探讨了解决法律问题的方法论,从而完整地构建了综合法理学体系。     

刑事立法模式的宪法考察

现行刑事立法采取了将所有犯罪规定在一部刑法典中的模式，没有在行政法、经济法等法律中直接规定构成要件与法定刑，导致刑法典中出现大量的绝对空白刑法规范与相对空白刑法规范，并且形成了自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法体例。法律保留原则、明确性原则与比例原则是宪法原则；绝对空白刑法规范违反了法律保留原则，相对空白刑法规范不符合明确性原则；自然犯与法定犯一体化的立法体例不符合比例原则。只有改变现行刑事立法模式，在行政法、经济法等法律中直接规定相关犯罪的构成要件与法定刑，在刑法典中仅规定自然犯，才能使刑事立法模式与宪法相协调。     

Family caregivers and decision-making for older people with dementia

This article addresses the dilemmas concerning legislation, individual autonomy and the reality of everyday life for people coping with dementia. We describe and analyse decision-making in relation to older people with dementia in Sweden, within the area of social work regulated by the Social Services Act and the Parental Act. Swedish legislation is based on the individual’s autonomy and capacity to consent to services without anyone having legal authority to decide on behalf of the individual. Based on data from interviews with family caregivers living at home, decision-making through family caregivers is discussed and formal guardianship is also considered. Swedish legislation leaves individuals with dementia and family caregivers in a vacuum between self-determination and full autonomy with the ideal of citizenship emphasised and recognised in the Social Services Act on the one hand, and on the other, a strong need for support in everyday life and with decision-making.     

On Foreign Ground: Grand Narratives,Situated Specificities,and the Praxis of Critical Theory and Law

This article is the first part of a two-part project which is critical of trends in contemporary U.S. critical and interdisciplinary legal scholarship and pedagogy. The larger project seeks to use this critique to model fruitful approaches to critical and theoretical scholarship in law “beyond 2000”.The focus of this article’s criticism is the work of two significant scholars of the second wave of what might broadly be called CLS scholarship, or more precisely critical, theoretical and interdisciplinary legal scholarship: Jack Balk in and Pierre Schlag. Looking back to the work of Duncan Kennedy and Stanley Fish, respectively progenitors of CLS and of theoretical interdisciplinary legal scholarship in the U.S., it is argued that the work of all four is marked by two significant flaws: lack of self-reflexivity and a desire for a realm of theory which unselfconsciously adopts the Cartesian split subject. The article then uses the work of Vicki Kirby and Pierre Bourdieu both to identify the tendencies it critiques, and to suggest why the work of Terry Threadgold and Peter Goodrich might provide models for a praxis of critical theory in law which is of particular use in the context of professional subject formation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

意义与功用的纠葛——简论作为法学“元理论”的法理学

法理学是对法律现象的总体性研究，这种总体性也决定了法理学总是不断地向“元问题”溯归。中国法学要获得长足发展，必须“守住理论”，这是由法理学的内在批判性决定的。     

立法后评估：法律体系形成后的一项重要工作

中国特色社会主义法律体系基本形成,我国立法迎来从数量型发展向质量型发展的转折,立法后评估成为提高立法质量不可或缺的重要手段。本文以对重庆市地方性法规的评估研究报告为依据,阐述立法后评估的特点、主体、对象、内容、标准等一系列理论和实践问题,并就克服当前立法后评估遇到的制度困境提出了对策建议。     

Reconfiguring Law: An Ethnographic Perspective from Botswana

Using two marital disputes, this article examines women's experiences in bringing legal claims regarding family property in Botswana. It highlights the ways women draw on diverse economic and social resources available to them through their differing positions within gendered social networks that shape daily life and affect the ability to access and manipulate a legal system incorporating Tswana customary law and European law. The divergent discourses among women and between women and men document how the administrative and theoretical separation of legal systems does not extend to people's uses of the law in arranging their own lives. This analysis challenges the formalist model of legal pluralism by demonstrating that legal arguments are constructed from the gendered social and economic facts of individuals'lives that traverse the legal categories of European and customary law. It also contributes to feminist legal scholarship by explicitly marking the links among gender, power, and law.