关于经济审判庭宜改不宜废的思考

最高人民法院撤消经济审判庭这一重大举措,不只是法院内部审判机构的简单合并,也未必是我国司法改革的成功之举,相反,却给经济法的研究带来了很多机遇和挑战.经济冲突的大量存在及其与民事纠纷的严格差异,经济法作为独立的部门法和具有法的可诉性的一般特点,经济行政执法与经济司法的合理分权,经济诉讼目的的公益性都决定了经济审判庭宜改不宜废.     

全球化背景下世界经济发展的双重趋势

经济全球化是当今世界经济发展中最为突出的一个重大特征和趋势。在经济全球化的推动下,世界经济运动在多方面呈现出双重发展趋势,即经济增长轨迹上升和波动趋势并存,区域集团化和经济民族化趋势并存,新经济技术迅速发展和不平衡加剧趋势并存,世界经济格局单极化和多极化趋势并存,各国强化市场机制和发挥政府作用趋势并存,国际经济合作协调和对立冲突趋势并存。正确认识世界经济发展的双重趋势,可使我们认清经济全球化对我们带来的各种机遇和挑战,采取积极有效的对策,趋利避害。     

论国家经济权力的经济性与政策性

经济权力是经济法理论研究的重要内容。经济权力是经济发展到一定阶段的产物,是经济法法权的一部分。经济权力分为国家经济权力和社会成员的经济权力,本文仅对国家经济权力进行探讨,分析了其具有区别于政治权力、社会权力的重要特点——经济性、政策性,论述了经济权力、经济及政策的互动性。希望为经济权力的相关理论研究提供更多的视角。     

再论知识产权经济

知识产权经济具有特定的内涵,可以从研究对象、内在规律、经济活动过程、资源配置效率、经济社会效果等五个方面进行理解和评价;知识社会的经济形态包括知识产权经济、知识经济和后知识经济;知识产权经济是知识经济时代不可逾越的、过渡的亚经济形态。知识产权经济与传统经济和知识经济有着本质的、明显的差别。     

21世纪维护中国国家安全的对策

随着中国经济的发展和经济国际化步伐的加快,其对世界经济的依存度也逐渐提高。中国作为向现代化转型的发展中国家,与发达国家相比,经济安全面临的国际环境要更为严峻和富有挑战。本文指出中国不仅应当积极参与相互依存的国际经济活动,更应理性参与构建各层次的国际经济相互依存机制。     

经济转型、经济创新与经济法的“刚柔并济”

在当前的经济新常态下,经济转型与经济创新是我国经济发展的核心问题.经济转型与经济创新对经济法理论与实践提出了更高的新要求.面对经济转型和经济创新中新情况与新问题的挑战,经济法必须在理论与实践层面进行有效回应.经济法具有“刚”与“柔”两个属性,通过对经济法相关理论的分析和现实生活中具体实例的验证可以发现,经济法的“刚柔并济”的差异性适用理论能够较好地回应经济转型与经济创新中所出现的各种问题.构建经济法的“刚柔并济”的差异性适用长效机制需要从理论体系、立法层面、执法层面和司法层面等方面着手.     

经济审判庭变易的理性分析

改革开放之初设置的经济审判庭经历了 2 0多年的变迁 ,似乎已经走到了尽头。其实 ,经济冲突的特殊性、经济法的独立性和经济诉讼目的的公益性决定了经济审判庭仍有存在的必要。其他审判庭适用我国现行传统的诉讼制度无法彻底解决现代新型经济纠纷。原经济审判庭名不副实 ,应当从受案范围、法律适用和诉讼理念等方面将其重新定位和变易 ,使其真正名副其实 ,而不能借口“与国际接轨”撤销经济审判庭。     

经济权力的特性及其规制

在经济法视阈里，经济权力是政府规制市场经济和践行经济法律法规的前提性条件，是经济法的一个十分重要的范畴。研究经济权力的特性，对于经济权力的研究和政府作为经济法主体的研究，以及对整个经济法的研究，都具有十分重要的意义。本文试通过回顾经济权力产生和发展的历史，分析经济权力的特性，来寻求规制政府经济权力的良策。     

世博催化长三角经济转型

世博会被称为经济、科技、文化等“综合奥运会”。对长三角这一面临转型的“经济高地”来说，上海世博会的机遇可谓“千载难逢”。分析人士认为，上海世博会将为刚刚走出金融危机阴影的长三角区域经济创造更多“增量”，并为长三角经济的转型升级和区域经济的一体化协调发展提供“动能”。     

黑社会性质组织经济特征司法认定实证研究

黑社会性质组织的经济特征认定混乱主要是立法及司法对黑社会性质组织经济特征规定模糊所致.黑社会性质组织的经济特征表现为利用经济利益支持犯罪组织有组织地实施违法犯罪活动,非法控制一定区域或行业并从中获取垄断经济利益.为防止黑社会性质组织的经济特征被扩大化认识,应紧扣黑社会性质组织的非法控制特征区分黑社会性质组织的合法经济利益与非法经济利益,涉黑经济利益与普通违法犯罪所得.     

Minors' capacity to refuse treatment: a reply to Gilmore and Herring

Re R and Re W allow a parent to consent to treatment a competent minor refuses, but the cases have not been tested post-Human Rights Act 1998. Gilmore and Herring offer a means by which they might be distinguished or sidelined. They interpret Gillick to say that in order to consent a minor need only have a full understanding of the particular treatment. They argue that the minors in Re R and Re W were refusing all treatment which requires a separate assessment of capacity-an assessment which was not made. We fear that this distinction would not be workable in clinical practice and argue that their interpretation of Gillick is flawed. From a clinician's point of view, competence cannot always be judged in relation to a specific treatment, but instead must relate to the decision. We show that a decision can incorporate more than one treatment, and more than one decision might be made about one treatment. A minor's understanding of a specific treatment is not always sufficient to demonstrate competence to make a decision. The result is that whilst there might be situations when a parent and a minor both have the power to consent to a particular treatment, they will not share concurrent powers in relation to the same decision. Consequently, a challenge to Re R and Re W, if forthcoming, would need to take a different form. We emphasise the necessity to minimise the dichotomy between legal consent and how consent works in medical practice.     

Belief in a Just World and Commitment to Long-Term Deserved Outcomes

We investigated whether people need to believe in a just world in part because such a belief helps people to work toward long-term goals and to do so in such a way that they are deserved. We assessed participants' long-term goal focus and also their commitment to deserving their outcomes (via a psychopathy scale). In a second session, participants were then exposed to a victim whose situation did or did not contradict a belief in a just world. When the victim's situation contradicted a belief in a just world, the greater the participants' tendency to focus on long-term outcomes, the more they blamed the victim for her misfortune; but this relation only occurred for participants with a strong commitment to deserving their outcomes (i.e., those low in psychopathy). The results are consistent with our argument that, given the function of the belief in a just world proposed in this article, people would have a greater need to preserve the belief (e.g., by blaming victims of injustice) the greater their investment in long-term and deserved outcomes.     

提存论——《合同法》第101-104条的解释论

《合同法》中的提存属清偿提存,以提存代替清偿,达到使合同权利义务终止效果。提存是债务人与提存部门之间缔结的一种向第三人履行的保管合同。提存的原因分为三类,债权人拒绝受领、债权人不能受领以及债权人不确知。《合同法》并非不认有提存人取回提存物的权利,在解释上应当承认提存人有取回权。对提存消灭债务之效力,宜采“停止条件说”。由提存便当然发生债权人的提存物领取请求权和提存人的清偿拒绝权;仅当取回权消灭后,债务始真正(溯及自提存时)归于消灭。     

FEAR OF CRIME IN RESIDENTIAL COMMUNITIES

Three variables were hypothesized to cause a fear of crime and a potential change in behavior. These were: (1) crimes against a person rather than crimes against property; (2) a crime committed in an area frequented rather than a crime occurring in an area one never entered; (3) a recurring crime rather than a crime that occurred once. Two different samples of female subjects (n = 249) were approached at their residences and were asked to read one of a number of fictitious crime stories that the news media supposedly had not reported and to complete two scales measuring: (1) an emotional response to crime and (2) a potential behavioral response to crime. The results indicate that a physical assault produces both more fear and more potential behavioral change than a burglary. A crime that occurs eight times causes people to consider taking precautions in comparison to a crime that occurs once. There is some evidence that a crime in an area one frequents causes more fear than a crime occurring in an area one never enters.     

Estimating the time since discharge of spent cartridges: A logical approach for interpreting the evidence

Estimating the time since discharge of a spent cartridge or a firearm can be useful in criminal situations involving firearms. The analysis of volatile gunshot residue remaining after shooting using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography (GC) was proposed to meet this objective. However, current interpretative models suffer from several conceptual drawbacks which render them inadequate to assess the evidential value of a given measurement. This paper aims to fill this gap by proposing a logical approach based on the assessment of likelihood ratios. A probabilistic model was thus developed and applied to a hypothetical scenario where alternative hypotheses about the discharge time of a spent cartridge found on a crime scene were forwarded. In order to estimate the parameters required to implement this solution, a non-linear regression model was proposed and applied to real published data. The proposed approach proved to be a valuable method for interpreting aging-related data.     

“I believe that it will be an amazing experience”: pre-departure impressions of students on an Erasmus exchange programme

This article discusses responses to interviews forming the first part of a longitudinal study in which we seek to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of the Erasmus experience on law students from a British university of the effects of a year spent abroad at a partner institution. Law is a particularly fruitful subject area for such a study, as students will be studying in a country with a different legal culture to that with which students are familiar. It is clear though that the experience is not limited to legal study but extends to working within a different educational culture, as well as living in another country over an extended period of time. The object of this paper is to explore and analyse actual expectations and experiences of students more fully so as to understand the impact of the Erasmus programme on their lives and careers. Whilst the data collected to date, mainly through in-depth semi-structured interviews, covers a limited population, the study identifies a wide-ranging set of motivational factors, though the mixture of, and weight given to, academic and personal motivations that vary from student to student.     

Improving automatic face recognition with user interaction

Face recognition systems aim to recognize the identity of a person depicted in a photograph by comparing it against a gallery of prerecorded images. Current systems perform quite well in controlled scenarios, but they allow for none or little interaction in case of mistakes due to the low quality of images or to algorithmic limitations. Following the needs and suggestions of investigators, we present a guided user interface that allows to adjust from a fully automatic to a fully assisted modality of execution, according to the difficulty of the task and to amount of available information (gender, age, etc.): the user can generally rely on automatic execution and intervene only on a limited number of examples when a failure is automatically detected or when the quality of intermediate results is deemed unsatisfactory. The interface runs on top of a preexistent automatic face recognition algorithm in such a way to guarantee full control over the execution flow and to exploit the peculiarities of the underlying image processing techniques. The viability of the proposed solution is tested on a classic face identification task run on a standard publicly available database (the XM2VTS), assessing the improvement to user interaction over the automatic system performance.     

Establishment of a Juvenile Police Record:

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, the juveniles who are most likely to have a police record of arrest are those who conform to police preconceptions about delinquent types, who are perceived as a threat to others, and who are most visible to the police. Several individual and peer group characteristics can serve as cues that youths are delinquent or that they pose a threat and can increase visibility. The present study uses a survey approach to determine the relative association of these individual and peer group characteristics with the establishment of a police record. The analysis reveals that in addition to delinquent activities, fitting the common image of a delinquent and dangerous person–that is, being a male in a predominantly, male, delinquent peer group–increases a youth's chances of arrest. Moreover, committing a high proportion of offenses with a group of peers, which results in high visibility, also increases the chances of arrest.     

自侦案件“以事立案”模式论析

检察机关在自侦案件中应当摒弃“以人立案”的做法,并采取“以事立案”的模式,才能符合职务犯罪发案的客观规律,避免初查和侦查工作在衔接关系上的错位,并对自侦工作产生积极的促进效果和作用。要实现从“以人立案”到“以事立案”模式的转变,需要正确处理好立案与破案、立案与撤案和撤案与错案的关系。     

Why wrongful birth actions are right

A wrongful birth action is a claim in negligence brought by parents of a child against a doctor who has "wrongfully" caused their child to be born. These claims can be divided into two categories: those where a doctor performs a failed sterilisation procedure that leads to a healthy child being born; and those where a doctor fails to provide sufficient information to allow parents to choose to abort a handicapped child. The recent decision of the High Court of Australia in Cattanach v Melchior (2003) 77 ALJR 1312 falls into the former category. The decision to allow the parents to receive damages for the costs of raising and maintaining their child has generated much public debate. Despite the endorsement of this "wrongful birth" action, there are indications that the legislature will overturn the decision. This article examines whether there is a sound doctrinal basis for recognising wrongful birth actions.