从“六方会谈”看东北亚经济合作

“六方会谈”是由中国政府发起为解决朝核问题维护东北亚和平稳定的政治行为,它是一个维护地区政治安全与稳定的多边协调机制,它不仅从发展走势上影响着东北亚的区域经济合作,而且还影响着东北亚经济合作模式的选择。在世界经济呈现一体化、区域化背景下,中国政府应把这一解决地区争端的多边协调机制作为与东北亚各国经济交流与合作的制度基础,制定自己的区域经济发展战略,促进振兴东北老工业基地的建设步伐。     

俄罗斯同亚太地区经济一体化进程浅析

俄罗斯积极推动同亚太地区经济一体化进程并取得了一定成效。未来,其前景依然看好,不排除它同该地区国家启动建立自由贸易区的谈判进程。俄同亚太地区经济一体化进程也存在许多障碍和不利因素,主要是俄对外开放的心态准备还不足,最主要是俄的战略重点在欧洲,其政治、经济重心也一直在欧洲。     

中俄边境地区铁路合作与东北亚区域经济发展

中俄边境铁路在中俄两国的经济贸易发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。近年来，中俄两国在边境铁路建设方面成绩显著，双方铁路运输领域的合作也为两国经济贸易的发展做出了突出贡献，铁路口岸运量持续大幅度增长，在促进中国东北及俄罗斯远东地区经济发展的同时，也对东北亚区域一体化进程起了积极的推动作用，促进了东北亚地区整体经济的发展。建立以中俄边境铁路为中心的东北亚铁路交通合作体制，是东北亚区域经济发展的必然要求，这必将有助于打破区域交通运输体系中存在的“瓶颈”，从而推动东北亚国家和地区的共同繁荣。     

东北振兴与东北亚合作联动论

在全球化和区域经济一体化成为世界经济发展主流趋势的国际大背景下,东北老工业基地振兴与东北亚合作已经形成了联动发展的趋势。东北振兴为东北亚搭建了区域经济合作的广阔平台;东北亚合作为东北振兴营造了良好的国际环境。科学而合理的制度供给是东北振兴与东北亚联动发展的基本要求,建立跨行政区的东北振兴协调机制或组织,加快东北亚自由贸易区建设,是促进东北振兴和东北亚合作联动的有效制度安排。     

试析一体化进程中的欧洲认同

本文主要分析了欧洲一体化进程中欧洲认同的含义和作用:首先在分析了集体认同概念的基础上,提出欧洲认同是一种新型的认同形式,是对现有民族认同的一种超越;进而分析了一体化发展中欧盟在认同建构上的努力以及有关欧洲认同未来形式的一些讨论;最后指出欧洲认同对一体化发展具有三方面的积极作用:弥补一体化功能主义道路的不足,减轻欧盟的合法性赤字,有利于欧盟发展共同外交和防务政策。     

中日韩自贸区“轮辐”效应研究——基于要素集聚及产业视角的分析

随着东北亚经济一体化的不断深入发展,中日韩之间构建自贸区已经成为发展趋势,而自贸区的"轮轴—辐条"效应也越来越受到关注。通过比较中日韩的要素及产业优势,并运用GTAP模型模拟分析中日韩自贸区的"轮辐"效应,研究表明:1.在宏观经济影响方面,以中国为"轮轴"的自贸区在GDP、进出口等方面能够提升中日韩自贸区的整体经济水平,而且福利水平提升最明显。2.在各国或地区产业部门的产出变化方面,中国的产出主要集中在谷物和作物、纺织及制衣业领域,日本则是重工业领域,而韩国是畜牧业和肉制品、加工食品、纺织及制衣业等方面,这充分体现了三国在产业上的优势互补,同时也是自贸区形成的基础和保证。中国在推进区域经济一体化进程中,应该积极构建以自身为"轮轴"的自贸区体系。     

欧洲联盟权力演变的新制度主义解释

欧洲联盟可以说是当今国际社会的“制度典范”，众多超国家和政府间制度构筑了欧 洲联盟内的制度框架。新制度主义以其强大的学科背景和众多流派在解释欧盟内超国家机构的权 力扩展和欧洲一体化的深化过程中，具有独特的理论优势。然而，新制度主义分析制度在欧盟中的 作用时，存在其自身的局限，需要综合内部不同的流派来解释欧洲一体化进程中的制度建构。     

区域经济一体化时代的东北亚区域经济合作

20世纪90年代以来世界区域经济一体化进程的加快,使东北亚区域经济合作面临新的机遇与挑战。适应区域经济一体化大发展的时代要求,我们必须积极探索21世纪东北亚区域合作的新途径。在东北亚地区经济合作的模式选择上,应该遵循时间上的渐次性和空间上的层次性相结合的方针,首先加快中、日、韩3国的制度性合作,使之成为东北亚区域经济合作的核心和先导,然后再向全区扩展。当然,只有充分利用好各种有利因素,才能使合作展现出光明的前景。     

关于东北亚经济合作的构想

关于东北亚经济合作已经讨论多次 ,现在的问题在于需要找到一个合适的切入点来开始行动。东北亚地区曾经有过辉煌的过去 ,在经济全球化成为普遍的趋势、贸易投资自由化进程加快和科技革命迅速发展的当今世界 ,东北亚必须通过经济合作 ,发挥集体的力量 ,提高经济发展的水平和质量 ,再创辉煌。从中、日、韩 3国开始 ,由相互投资启动合作 ,建立成长三角可能是一个合适的切入点。从长远看 ,东北亚经济合作的发展终归要从非制度化走向制度化 ,最终实现区域经济一体化。     

全球化与中东区域经济一体化

经济全球化与区域经济一体化已成为世界经济发展的潮流,中东地区尽管在当今世界的欧洲、北美和亚太地区这三大经济圈中还处于边缘和外围,但近年来中东地区一体化进程也取得了明显进展。中东地区的一体化主要表现在海湾阿拉伯合作委员会的建立与发展;大阿拉伯自由贸易区进程的启动;中东与中亚国家的经济区域合作;中东与欧盟的经济合作;美国-中东自由贸易区构想等5个发展层面上。当然,中东地区一体化进程仍面临诸多的挑战与问题,真正实现区域经济一体化尚待时日。     

How the court made a federation of the EU

We analyze the European institutional integration that took place in the 1950s and 1960s as a two-stage process. Firstly, an explicitly political project aims at establishing a European political community. The project is abandoned in the mid-1950s and political integration stops. At that time, the institutions of the Union take the form of a confederation. In a second stage, because of the failure of the European political community, a legal process of integration driven by the European Court of Justice takes place. This second stage of unification is more centralizing and in effect leads to a federalization of the European institutional structure. The transformation of the political structure of the European Union thus appears to result from the actions and decisions of a legal entity, the European Court of Justice.      

‘Bringing Geopolitics Back In’: Exploring the Security Dimension of the 2004 Eastern Enlargement of the European Union

Notwithstanding the functional and technocratic basis of the European integration process, and the fact that the accession criteria hardly mentions security issues, the 2004 eastern enlargement brought to the forefront of EU politics important geopolitical and security issues. Eastern enlargement came on to the agenda of the EU in the wake of 1989's peaceful revolutions in Central and Eastern Europe. Security and geopolitics mattered to the decision taken by the EU to embark on expansion in the early 1990s, and thereafter security issues remained prominent in enlargement debates. This article seeks to analyse the most important geopolitical issues that eastern enlargement has brought to the fore. In exploring the geopolitical dimension of the eastern enlargement process, the article foregrounds some key issues including: the potential power realignments in Europe triggered by enlargement, the EU's relationship with Russia and its importance to the unfolding of the enlargement process, and how eastern enlargement was conceived as a mechanism for stabilising the EU's external environment. The article contrasts realist and constructivist images of post-1989 Europe and the eastern enlargement process and assesses their contribution to enlargement scholarship. It argues that constructivist imagery best explains the way in which EU actors interpreted key geopolitical issues within the enlargement framework. In particular, it presents enlargement as the expansion of the existing European security community, wherein geopolitical issues were subject to a process of securitisation and desecuritisation.     

Promotion of democracy as a foreign policy instrument of ‘Europe’: Limits to international idealism

The promotion of democracy abroad was a much published issue in ‘European’ foreign policy during the 1990s. Based on five case studies, this article argues that the policy had very clear limitations to it. The limits were mainly imposed by the high priority given to security, and secondly they were the result of the institutional structure and the political‐bureaucratic culture of the European Community. However, it would be wrong to conclude that the policy declarations on democracy were not important to the European Community/European Union and to the member states. The issue was definitely important, but that was because it served other purposes. First, the promotion of democracy abroad was conceived as one among a number of instruments promoting European security in the post‐cold war era. Secondly, promotion of democracy internationally contributed to the higher profile in world affairs that Europe had sought since 1958. And thirdly, this international profile might have pushed the integration process forward within Europe.     

De-Europeanization by Default? Germany's EU Policy in Defense and Asylum

Since the end of the Cold War and unification, Germany's policy toward and within the European Union (EU) has undergone significant changes. Once a model "Europeanist," Germany has become increasingly reluctant to support the progressive implementation of key projects of European integration. Neither an instance of a planned strategic change nor a result of an inevitable adaptation to structural shifts at the systemic level, these changes in German foreign policy, incremental yet significant as they are, evade both deterministic and voluntaristic accounts of foreign policy change. Integrating insights from foreign policy analysis, integration theory, and social theory, the article develops an innovative framework for analysis that is applied to Germany's European asylum and refugee policy as well as its security and defense policy. The origins of both policy fields at the European level can be traced back to initiatives that were supported by or even originated in Germany. However, as the 1990s progressed Germany increasingly obstructed further institutionalization. While in the field of asylum and refugee policy the Amsterdam summit marks a clear turning point in Germany's position, the transformation of German policies on European security and defense proceeded rather as an incremental decrease in material support, aggravating substantive progress in the policy field more broadly. An unanticipated consequence of earlier initiatives, in both cases Germany has found it increasingly difficult to live up to the expectations it has helped to raise.     

东北地区农业组织的发展及其在农业产业化中的作用

东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地,区域农业发展对于我国的粮食安全和社会稳定意义重大,而实行农业产业化经营和对农业组织形式进行创新是区域农业现代化的必经之路。东北地区农业组织的主要类型可分为:龙头企业带动型、中介组织劳动型、专业市场带动型等。这些组织对农户发挥了不同程度的引导、组织、服务等功能,加速了区域农业产业化的进程,并发挥了重要作用。但由于东北农业组织仍处于起步的初始阶段,还存在一些缺陷和问题,不能适应农业产业化发展的需求,因此制定发展区域性农业组织的对策是推进农业产业化的当务之急。     

Lessons of the European crisis for regional monetary and financial integration in East Asia

The debt crisis in several member states of the euro area has raised doubts on the viability of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the future of the euro. While the launch of the euro in 1999 stirred a lot of interests in regional monetary integration and even monetary unification in various parts of the world, including East Asia, the current crisis has had the opposite effect, even raising expectations of a break-up of the euro area. Indeed, the crisis has highlighted the problems and tensions that will inevitably arise within a monetary union when imbalances build up and become unsustainable. This article discusses the causes of the current European crisis and the challenges that EMU countries face in solving it. Based on this analysis, it derives five lessons for regional financial and monetary cooperation and integration in East Asia.     

New Legal Instruments in a Changing World: Legal,Political and Cultural Developments in EU Judicial Cooperation

At the closing of the 20th century, Europe decided the time was ripe to take bold steps towards the creation of a truly integrated European judicial space. Of its overall goals for the new millennium, judicial integration ranked at the top as this reflected shifting global challenges in an increasingly diversified world. After more than a decade, the reality is still that of a policy area in which multiple practices of cooperation coexist. Indeed, political and cultural factors matter in explaining how judicial decisions and practices are harmonised and integrated by EU member states. The article focuses on a number of socialisation mechanisms adopted by the EU to build mutual trust among national authorities and also looks at the European Arrest Warrant as an important test bed of the strengths and weaknesses of European judicial cooperation.     

Introduction: the EU,East Asian conflicts,and the norm of integration

The promotion of regional integration is a core objective of the European Union’s (EU) foreign policy and has been seen as part of its attempt to transform international society and to make the world a more peaceful place to live. However, the success of this regionalization strategy has been limited and East Asia has been a particularly problematic case. This introduction raises some fundamental questions by first presenting some basic concepts so that the overall studies of the special issue can be systematically undertaken. The underlying questions are the following: How bleak is the picture with regard to regionalism in East Asia and the roles of the EU? Has the EU had no effect on the development of East Asian regionalism? And what potential does regional integration have in helping the transformation of conflicts in East Asia? In addition to these questions, it also discusses and conceptualizes underlying discourses on regional integration, conflict transformation, and regionalism in East Asia. By doing so, it aims to point out that the East Asia region is changing, the EU does play a role in this, and regionalization cannot be ignored as an institutional context that has the potential to assist conflict transformation, especially if windows of opportunity for such engagement arise in the future.     

Austria and European integration, 1947-60: Western orientation, neutrality and free trade

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Austria's role in the early days of European integration. This includes the attempt to find a European solution to the South Tyrol problem and the first steps towards the economy's Western orientation, that is, Austria's participation in the Marshall Plan, its OEEC and EPU memberships as well as its relationship with the Council of Europe and the ECSC. International relations determined Austria's room for manoeuvre in its efforts to obtain independence. This excluded EEC membership. The Ballhausplatz was thus striving for a European Free Trade Area. The role of the political parties are also covered in this paper. A further objective is to examine Austria's integration policy and the contrasts between the situation in Austria and West Germany. The paper points out how this small European state tried to avoid its exclusion from the European integration process and how it applied various methods to approach and cooperate with European institutions.     

Austria and European integration, 1947–60: Western orientation,neutrality and free trade

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Austria's role in the early days of European integration. This includes the attempt to find a European solution to the South Tyrol problem and the first steps towards the economy's Western orientation, that is, Austria's participation in the Marshall Plan, its OEEC and EPU memberships as well as its relationship with the Council of Europe and the ECSC. International relations determined Austria's room for manoeuvre in its efforts to obtain independence. This excluded EEC membership. The Ballhausplatz was thus striving for a European Free Trade Area. The role of the political parties are also covered in this paper. A further objective is to examine Austria's integration policy and the contrasts between the situation in Austria and West Germany. The paper points out how this small European state tried to avoid its exclusion from the European integration process and how it applied various methods to approach and cooperate with European institutions.