韩国跨国公司对华投资特点与趋势

韩国对华直接投资始于1978年中国实施改革开放政策之后。20世纪80年代中期前，由于韩国政府保持广泛的资本控制制度，韩国跨国公司对外直接投资发展较慢。80年代中后期，韩国政府逐渐放松对外直接投资控制，韩国跨国公司的对外直接投资才迅速发展，加之中韩两国1992年才建立外交关系，所以，韩国与其他国家和地区相比，在对华直接投资方面属于起步较晚的国家。     

越南对外直接投资:发展历程与投资领域

越南实行革新开放后,经济得到持续快速发展。20世纪80年代末,越南企业就开始探索对外直接投资问题。1999年以后,在国家政策的支持下,越南对外直接投资迅速发展。至今,越南对外直接投资的对象国主要是老挝、柬埔寨等具有比较优势的国家以及美国、新加坡、中国、韩国、日本等与越南经贸往来密切的国家。主要投资领域包括油气开采、农作物种植、通讯网络建设等。     

中、日、韩潜在产出的估计与比较分析

利用生产函数方法对中、日、韩三国的潜在产出进行估计,并以潜在产出为基础对三国的经济进行比较分析,其研究结果表明,从人均实际产出和潜在产出水平看,中国与日本和韩国的差距较大,并且日本整体水平最高,韩国增长最快;三国的产出缺口变动与景气波动基本一致,中国的一致效果相对较差,韩国的一致效果相对较好;从三国各要素对潜在经济增长的贡献来看,三国资本和劳动的贡献率均呈下降趋势,中国和韩国的TFP贡献率呈上升趋势,而日本的TFP贡献率呈下降趋势。     

日本对中国和东盟直接投资的动向与展望

一.日本对外直接投资概观 根据日本财务省公布的“日本对各国、各地区的直接投资实绩”,2000年度日本对外直接投资总额为4.4175万亿日元。就日本投资各大洲的情况来看,欧洲在1998年以后连续5年成为日本最大的投资对象(图1)。第二位除了2001年度的中南美之外,其余年度均由北美占据。亚洲的比率不怎么高。 图1 日本对外直接投资(各大洲) (亿日元) 就1998年度以后日本对中国和东盟的直接投资来看,对东盟5国(原成员国新加坡、泰国、菲律宾、印尼、马来西亚)的投资每年都多于对中国的投资(图2)。但是,1999年以后,对中直…     

亚洲地区日资直接投资的新趋势

1985年9月五大国财政部长会议协调了北北经济关系。之后,日元不断升值,导致了日本的产业结构调整、经济政策调整,以及中小资本的大量外流投资,投资的主要方向是亚太地区,主要对象是制造工业部门。这次日本资本对亚洲地区的直接投资具有与(?)的特点。为供国內有关对外经济关系的决策机构、研究机构、研究人员参考,(?)日本贸易振兴会调研员石川幸一、(山鸟)田正博所撰写的这编文章。     

影响中韩产业内贸易发展因素的实证分析

影响产业内贸易的因素主要包括各国经济发展水平、规模经济、产品差异化、国际直接投资、区域经济与地理区位等。中国与韩国的地缘优势及不断加强的区域经济合作为中韩产业内贸易的开展打下了现实基础;韩国对华直接投资是促进产业内贸易发展的关键因素;而中韩两国经济发展水平的差距和规模不经济在一定程度上阻碍了中韩产业内贸易的发展。为顺利开展与韩国间的产业内贸易,我国应采取相应的对策:实施规模经营战略、提高引进韩国FD I的档次、促进中韩间加工贸易的转型升级。     

韩国对中国投资现状及前景剖析

韩国对中国投资现状及前景剖析张宝仁韩国对中国投资规模正在迅速扩大。中国实行全方位对外开放政策，积极引进外资发展经济，韩国则实行经济国际化和贸易多边化政策，大力拓展出口和对外投资市场。而中国市场庞大，资源丰富，劳动力价格低廉，这对韩国企业来说具有很大的...     

韩国对外直接投资与产业结构优化研究

韩国是发展对外直接投资比较成功的新兴工业化国家之一.定量分析显示:韩国对外直接投资促进了国内产业结构的优化,降低国内第一、第二产业结构的比例,明显提高国内第三产业结构的比例.借鉴韩国的经验,我国应该选择制造业作为我国发展对外直接投资的重点行业、注重发挥发展中国家的产业相对优势以及对外直接投资的产业选择方向应与国内产业结构高度化的发展趋势相一致.     

韩国对外直接投资的区域特征及成因

韩国已成为发展中的对外投资大国。韩国对外直接投资呈现出区域特征 :地区集中性、资源指向性、市场导向性、投资中心呈阶段性转移、地区不断多元化、地区差异日益明显等 ,这是多方面因素共同作用的结果。其经验对中国也有启示。     

中美贸易争端对东亚经济体的影响——基于中国出口增加值的研究

本文基于双边贸易出口增加值的分解方法,利用对外经贸大学全球价值链研究院提供的数据,分析了中国出口到美国的日本、韩国及中国台湾地区增加值的变化趋势,并探讨了外商直接投资对中国出口到美国的第三国增加值的作用。研究表明,1995～2017年间中国出口到美国的来自日本、韩国及中国台湾地区的增加值呈现出先快速上升、后逐渐下降并趋于稳定的态势,同时亚洲经济体出口到美国的中国增加值要高于其他国家和地区的增加值,表明中国不仅已经开始进行产业转移,而且对亚洲发展中经济体产业的影响要高于其他国家和地区。其主要原因有两个:一是中国通过承接日本、韩国及中国台湾地区的产业转移日益融入东亚区域生产网络,并在其中扮演着越来越重要的角色;二是随着中国自身经济实力的增强,对其他亚洲国家的产业转移日显重要。因此,中美贸易争端将会给日本、韩国及中国台湾等东亚国家和地区造成直接的经济损失,但所谓的全球产业链重构或者"去中国化"是不可能的。     

Population, Prophets, Pensions, and Politics

As immigrant populations in Western welfare states grow at a faster rate than the native populations, whose birthrates have declined dramatically in recent years, Europe's tradition of democracy and tolerance is threatened. The reasons for the birthrate decline and the resultant aging of the native population are many and complex, but one important contributing factor is the pay-as-you-go pension system, which reduces people's immediate dependence on children. Moreover, the payroll and social security taxes that support the welfare state reduce the earnings capacity of men and women of the traditional age for having children, thus pushing down the birthrate. It is time to consider whether modern Europe's small-size families and high pensions are sustainable     

Terrorism,counter-terrorism,and critique: opportunities,examples, and implications

This article explores the parameters, value and limitations of different critical strategies for those dissatisfied with the contemporary politics of terror. It argues, first, that the prominent (counter-)terrorism paradigm – in which terrorism is approached as a ubiquitous and very specific security challenge meriting appropriately exceptional responses – is far more critiqued than we might anticipate. And, second, that such critiques – which can be found across political language, popular culture, everyday life, and beyond – employ distinct critical resources to serve varying ends. Reflecting on these, the article offers a new heuristic distinguishing five critical strategies which seek to: (i) repudiate; (ii) question; (iii) subvert; (iv) replace, or (v) deconstruct the prominent counter-terrorism paradigm. This typology, it argues, offers scope for optimism and strategic resources for those attracted to a critical terrorism studies project going forward.     

Pakistan,India, China,and the United States: Energy,Climate Change,and National Security

This article focuses on the interplay of energy, climate change, and national security issues in Southwest Asia, using the newer definition of “national security” to include energy security, economic development, and climate change, as well as traditional security focusing on the military aspects.     

Norway,Spitsbergen, and America, 1905-1920

In the Spitsbergen treaty of 1920, Norway acquired sovereignty over the Spitsbergen Islands. Rather than Woodrow Wilson, the American president, the architects behind the treaty were Robert Lansing, Wilson’s secretary of state, and, behind the diplomatic scene, the mining investor, John M. Longyear. In 1906, Longyear established a mining company to exploit the coal deposits at Spitsbergen. He induced Congress, the State Department, and the White House to forge an American policy for the European Arctic, including the appointment of Lansing, an international lawyer, as a counsel in the State Department. Lansing was a leading expert on both international law and the lack of state authority at the terra nullius, Spitsbergen. In 1915, he became secretary of State and, at the Paris Peace Conference, decided American policy regarding the Spitsbergen question. This analysis shows how the outcome of the Spitsbergen question was a result of American mining interests, supplemented by Norwegian-American shared interests in conflict resolution based on international law.     

International relations in Malaysia: theories, history, memory, perception, and context

The article makes a preliminary survey of the teaching of internationalrelations (IR) in Malaysia. It starts by describing the originsof the field, and the emergence of an IR epistemic communityjoining both academia and government. This account is necessarilyderived from the experiences of the four most established Malaysianuniversities distinguished by length of existence and officialfavor. Subsequently, the survey would describe course contentand influences going into their design. The penultimate sectionswould attempt to place the evolution of Malaysian IR teachingwithin a historical context. This survey nonetheless concludesthat nationalist aspirations continue to remain a secondaryinfluence when compared with intellectual dependence upon theWest in the design of IR education in Malaysia. Received for publication August 28, 2008. Accepted for publication October 2, 2008.     

Indigeneity,Ethnicity, and the State: Australia,Fiji, and New Zealand

This article draws on the politics of indigeneity to distinguish the claims of first occupancy from simple ethnic identity politics, illustrating that relative political marginalization in Australasia is not so much a function of minority status but of indigeneity itself. The politics of indigeneity's aim is to create political space for self-determination and a particular indigenous share in the sovereign authority of the nation-state itself. The Australasian states are compared with Fiji to demonstrate that the significance of historical constraints on political authority transcend the withdrawal of a colonial power and the restoration of collective indigenous majority population status.     

The roles of,and relationships between,expatriates, volunteers,and local development workers

This article reports on exploratory research based on interviews with expatriate and local aid workers employed by local and international NGOs in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Thematic analysis of the interviews found that personnel were placed in groups based on their job category – consultant, volunteer, or permanent staff – regardless of experience. These categories logically reflect each worker's pay level, purpose, and role, but they may also have an implicit power meaning which reinforces group differences and inhibits inter-group relationships. Relationship building was reported to be the most important factor contributing to the success of capacity-development initiatives. Four sub-themes were identified: communication, friendship, reciprocal learning/teaching, and confidence.     

Negotiation,politics, and management

Book reviews in this article:
Samuel B. Bacharach and Edward J. Lawler , Power and Politics in Organizations: The Social Psychology of Conflict, Coalitions, and Bargaining .
Max H. Bazerman and Roy J. Lewicki , eds., Negotiating in Organizations .
Jeffrey Pfeffer , Power in Organizations .     

Privatisation,multinationals, and corruption

Recent initiatives from the OECD, the World Bank, and others on the subject of corruption have received widespread attention. However, the author argues that the incidence of corruption is closely connected with contracting-out, concessions, and privatisation, where multinationals based in OECD countries stand to gain profitable business. The encouragement of privatisation by the World Bank, and the economic benefit to OECD multinationals from this business, mean that action against corruption needs to involve effective sanctions by developing countries against multinationals which engage in corrupt practices; greater political transparency to remove the secrecy under which corruption flourishes; and resistance to the uncritical extension of privatisation. This article looks at empirical evidence on this subject.