Building Friends Nearby： Chinas Economic Relations with Neighboring Countries

Peripheral diplomacy tops China＇s overall diplomatic layout. Economic diplomacy has also increasingly become an importantpart of Chinese diplomacy. Therefore, it is of important strategic significance to promote economic diplomacy in the surrounding areas. For China, now is a conflict-prone period in relations with its neighboring countries, a sensitive time of American rebalancing to Asia Pacific and a period of development bottlenecks in the peaceful rise of China. It is an important strategic issue for China to figure out how to join neighboring countries to achieve an inclusive growth and symbiotic development, to translate its economic influence in the surrounding areas into political influence, and to better safeguard national interests and improve diplomatic influence.     

China is the Light and Hope for New Africa

正Friendship between China and Africa started slowly after a general meeting between Africa and Asia,the conference of Bun dung in 1955.Egypt was the first African country to have diplomatic relations with China in 1956,and later at the beginning of1960 the ten African countries followed.At the end of the 1970s a total of 44 countries out of 50 that were free also joined in diplomatic relations with     

China-Central Asia ＂Twin-Track＂ Energy Cooperation

China＇s large-scale investment in Kazakh oil and gas resource development ushered in a new era of China-Kazakhstan bilateral trade in the late 1990s. This lifted cooperation between China and the five countries in Central Asia to a new level, opening the China-Central Asia energy channel and bringing the ＂Silk Road economic belt＂ into being. Central Asia and China＇s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, areas which are both abundant in renewable energy, should fully utilize their geopolitical advantages as neighbors by means of Xinjiang＇s rapid growth. Projecting a twin-track mechanism of developing both renewable and non-renewable energy resources is of great significance to both China and Central Asia.     

On Major-Country Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics

<正>On the Conference on Foreign Affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held on 28 to 29,November 2014,Chinese President Xi Jinping pointed out that China should form its major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics,thus making the diplomatic work of China be with distinctive Chinese characteristics,Chinese style and Chinese manner.This was not only a summary of diplomatic work of the past two years by the new     

Strategic Planning for Its Neighboring Diplomacy

Since security on the periphery is vital to a country’s overall security,China’s considerations of its peripheral areas have remained among the four pillars of its diplomacy,the others being big power,developing country,and multilateralism.With the establishment of the P.R.C.and the Cold War,past relations with neighboring countries were stormy,with policies toward some involving confrontation,even armed clashes.The Cold War’s end and China’s growing comprehensive power have affected security in peripheral areas and the power structure in neighboring countries,increasing the pressure for timely adjustment and reform of diplomatic strategy.Efforts were discernable during the CPC Central     

China＇s Neighboring Diplomacy Demands Top-level Design

Prresident Xi Jinping＇s recent attendance at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） Summits, visits to Central Asian and Southeast Asian nations, together with Primer Li Keqiang＇s visits to South and Southeast Asia, followed with his attendance at the China-ASEAN Summit, and coupled with China hosting top leaders from neighboring countries, have all sent a strong signal to the outside world of the greater priority accorded to China＇s sun＇ounding areas by the new leadership. Needless to say, such a flurry of diplomatic activities is far from enough. In the future, China needs to turn this priority into a top-level design for a long-term program propped up by an unswerving management.     

People-to-people Diplomacy towards South Asia: Status-quo,Problems and Countermeasures

Certain effects have been achieved in the China-South Asia people-to-people diplomacy,demonstrated by increasingly active events,better environment for development,a big leap in economic and trade cooperation,further openingup of the people-to-people and cultural exchanges and growing importance of the academic and think-tank dialogues.Still,inadequacies of people-to-people diplomacy towards South Asia remain,manifested by unbalanced exchange pattern and rather weak social influence awaits further enhancement.In order to make up the inadequacies,the authors contend that the following measures need to be adopted:1)to fully play the government’s role and break the existing bottleneck in people-to-people diplomacy;2)to list media exchange and study-abroad program as key areas of the agenda;3)to give a trial of conducting people-to-people diplomacy in cases of Bhutan and Maldives,exploring comparative advantages to official diplomacy.These proposals may vary,however,the aim to expand the optimal reach of China-South Asia people-to-people diplomacy with creative forms,leaves unchanged.In China’s overall diplomatic agenda,South Asia owns quadri-categories,which are major powers,neighboring and developing countries and multilateral regions.Undoubtedly,South Asia is entitled to status and importance because of these characteristics,covering 8 sovereignty countries of great differences,namely India,Pakistan,Nepal and Maldives etc.Throughout history,China and South Asia have witnessed long-standing cultural exchanges,gradual deepening of economic and social contacts,closer intimacy among peoples’interactions and prosperous development of public diplomacy.Despite of all these,problems remain unsolved that need further consideration and solution in response.     

Why Is the Abe Government so Anxious to Improve Relations with China？-Why Is Shinzo Abe so Eager to Improve Relations with China？

Editor＇s Note： Sino-Japanese relations have been tense in recent years. In Jparticular, since Abe came to power, Japan has not only been ＂desperately struggling＂ with China on territorial and historical issues, but has also tried to set up an ＂encircling network＂ against China. Thus Sino-Japanese relations have emerged as the most risky bilateral relations in the Asia-Pacific region. As the two largest powers in East Asia, and the world＇s second and third largest economies, the continuing confrontation between China and Japan will have huge negative repercussions on regional and global peace. With the approaching of the APEC meeting, however, the Abe government has repeatedly expressed its hopes for diplomatic dialogue with China. The Abe government＇s shift in attitude towards China from ＂hard＂ to a new ＂moderate＂ position has attracted wide international attention. We cannot help but ask：     

Historical Opportunity of Economic Globalization and China''''s Peripheral Strategy for Regional Integration

In 21st century, along with the continuously rising tide of economic globalization, there has been a growingtrend towards the regional integration among the countries surrounding China. So far as China is concerned, howto identify the nature of the relationship with its neighboring countries in the new era and, further on, how to con-form to the new historical trend of the times and establish a more stable system of international cooperation withthe peripheral countries have become an importan…     

Chinas New Foreign Relations for a Complex World

In 2013 profound and complicated changes continued to take place in the international situation, although, stable overall, there was also an accelerated restructuring of international relations. Adapting to the changing circumstances in the restructuring of international relations and for Chinas own development, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China headed by General Secretary Comrade Xi Jinping sized up the situation and made pioneering efforts with a series of major diplomatic initiatives for proactively advancing China＇s diplomatic theories and charted a new course in practice.     

The Key of China-U.S. Relations Lies with the United States

When China and the United States established diplomatic relations, even the most optimistic people did not expect that the bilateral relations could reach to such a point today. When the two countries established diplomatic relations in 1979, they had their respective interests and motivation. To the United States, there were three-fold considerations. Firstly, it was in its strategic interests to engage China the Soviet challenge and change rivalry.     

China＇s Economic Relations with

Over the past several years, some terms, such as the ＂Asian Century , the ＂rise of Asia＂ and the ＂rise of China and India,have become popular in international society. For some international observers, these terms simply reflect a global tendency; but for Asian people, they are more like visions. As members of Asia, China and South Asian countries have a responsibility to make these visions into realities, and these countries are trying their utmost to do so.     

Relations Between China and Central Asian Countries Face Opportunity of All-Round Development

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and its western neighbors - the Central Asian countries, the friendly and good-neighborly relationship between the two sides has kept a sound momentum of development. China's policy of creating an amicable, secure and prosperous     

U.S.Deterrence and Coercive Diplomacy and China's Coping Strategy

Deterrence and coercion are two kinds of strategies,the latter being more aggressive than the former.The U.S.Asia-Pacific Rebalancing strategy is an important diplomatic legacy of Obama's administration.For the issues involving the Diaoyu Islands,the South China Sea,cyber security,DPRK's nuclear program,and Iran's nuclear program,the U.S.has carded out military deterrence and non-force coercion against China.But generally,these are low-level coercive measures and distinct from the severe economic sanction and diplomatic isolation imposed by the U.S.on Russia,Syria,DPRK and Iran in recent years.Concerning issues where the U.S.and China hold distinct views,there would be less strategic leeway for the two countries.If the U.S.is to strengthen deterrence and coercion towards China,China can respond more actively and effectively,but it will be more difficult to build a new model of China-U.S.major-country relationship.     

China Needs a New Diplomatic Focus

Thanks to an improved external environment and a growing national strength,conditions are ripe for China to shift the focus of its foreign policy from politics/security to the economy.In the long term,China should concentrate solely on becoming a global economic power and not dilute its strategic resources in the pursuit of unrealistic political/security goals.Meanwhile,China should redirect its foreign policy away from the U.S.-led West and towards the developing world.These readjustments should be made according to the distribution of its diplomatic resources,makeup of its diplomatic personnel and with the aim of broadening their horizons and improving their work methods.     

The ＂War of Nerves＂ between China and Japan will Be Another Protracted War

Over the past two years since his remm to power, Abe has been implementing a hard-line foreign strategy, and openly ＂challenging＂ and ＂desperately struggling with＂ China. Specifically, the Abe government has been forcefully pursuing a strategy of ＂active pacifism＂, such as ＂revising the constitution＂, lifting the ban on collective defense and modifying the ＂three principles＂ on arms export, implementing a so-called ＂overlooking the globe＂ diplomacy that takes a cold line on neighboring countries such as China and South Korea, and seeking to make joint efforts with Australia, India, the Philippines, Vietnam and USA in order to set up a sea encirclement against China. As Prime Minister, Abe not only paid an open visit to the Yasukuni Shrine, but also repeatedly denied the history of Japanese invasion in China, as well as its aggressive consequences and associated guilt.     

The Seventh Asia-Europe People＇s Forum Held in Beijing

From October 13^th to 15^th, the 7^th Asia -Europe People＇s Forum was held in Beijing. The theme of the Forum was ＂Social Justice and Environmental Protection＂. The meeting was attended by over 500 representatives of the civil society from nearly 50 countries and regions in Asia and Europe. Some 60 NGOs from China participated in the activities of the Forum.According to the three major topics of ＂Peace and Security＂, ＂Social and Economic Rights and Environmental Justice＂ and ＂Participatory Democracy and Human Rights＂, three roundtable discussions namely ＂Traditional and Non- Traditional Security Challenges and Responses＂,     

The Trends of Cross-Straits Relations in a Changing East Asia

The repercussions of high-profile ＂returning to Asia＂ and implementation of the Asia Pacific rebalancing strategy by the US has been felt in Asia. The US has openly given support to Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam to challenge China and secretly instigated some ASEAN and South Asian countries to go against China.     

平静但前景莫测的中亚（英文）

正Stable Political Environment with Uncertainties The big events in Central Asia in 2015 were the presidential elections held in the region’s largest country Kazakhstan and most populous country Uzbekistan.Nursultan?bishuly Nazarbayev was reelected as the president of Kazakhstan and Islam Karimov was reelected as Uzbekistan’s president,indicating their ability to control the situations in the two countries remains     

SUMMARY

Yang Shu ＆ Wang Jing Central Asia is a region traditionally dominated by Islamic religion. But atheism predominated during the USSR period, when religious freedom was suppressed in Central Asia. After declaring independence the five Central Asian states adopted a policy of religious freedom and Christianity was once spread and developed. The article investigated into the status quo of Christianity in the five independent Central Asian countries, analyzed the reasons for its possible regional development as well as the obstacles met, made a retrospect of its impact as well as a perspective of its future development.