Identification of exhumed remains of fire tragedy victims using conventional methods and autosomal/Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat DNA profiling

In a fire tragedy in Manila in December 1998, one of the worst tragic incidents which resulted in the reported death of 23 children, identity could not be established initially resulting in the burial of still unidentified bodies. Underscoring the importance of identifying each of the human remains, the bodies were exhumed 3 months after the tragedy. We describe here our work, which was the first national case handled by local laboratories wherein conventional and molecular-based techniques were successfully applied in forensic identification. The study reports analysis of DNA obtained from skeletal remains exposed to conditions of burning, burial, and exhumation. DNA typing methods using autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers reinforced postmortem examinations using conventional identification techniques. The strategy resulted in the identification of 18 out of the 21 human remains analyzed, overcoming challenges encountered due to the absence of established procedures for the recovery of mass disaster remains. There was incomplete antemortem information to match the postmortem data obtained from the remains of 3 female child victims. Two victims were readily identified due to the availability of antemortem tissues. In the absence of this biologic material, parentage testing was performed using reference blood samples collected from parents and relatives. Data on patrilineal lineage based on common Y-STR haplotypes augmented autosomal DNA typing, particularly in deficiency cases.     

STR DNA typing: increased sensitivity and efficient sample consumption using reduced PCR reaction volumes

Improvements in detection limits/sensitivity and lower sample consumption are potential benefits of reducing PCR reaction volumes used in forensic DNA typing of crime scene samples. This premise was studied first with experimental mixtures and a nine-loci megaplex, which demonstrated stochiometric amplification and accurate detection. Next, adjudicated casework samples were subjected to amplification under 15 different template DNA to PCR reaction volume ratios. Reduction of PCR reaction volume and DNA down to 10 microL and 0.500 ng, respectively, produced identical profiles with the same signal intensity and heterozygous allele peak height ratio (HR). Reduction to 5 microL and 0.063 ng yielded HR values that were slightly affected in one to three STR loci. PCR reaction volume reduction can enhance detection and sensitivity while reducing the consumption of irreplaceable crime scene samples.     

与时俱进是马克思主义理论的新发展

马克思主义的发展史充分说明:解放思想、实事求是,是引导社会前进的强大力量,社会实践是不断发展的,我们的思想认识也应不断前进,应勇于和善于根据实践的要求进行创新.与时俱进是马克思主义的理论品质.只有坚持解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进,用科学的态度对待马克思主义,才能不断开拓马克思主义理论的新发展.     

百年汉学与中国形象——纪念德国专业汉学建立一百周年（1909—2009）

专业化建设是一百年来德国汉学发展的突出特点。起初，有关中国的研究服务于德国的殖民扩展政策。及至20世纪初，在德国大学中建立汉学这一新专业的呼声日益高涨。1909年，德国汉堡殖民学院设立了首个汉学教授席位。此后，汉学研究在魏玛共和国时期经历了第一次繁荣，但在1933年希特勒上台后却遭受重创。直至60年代汉学专业才从战争创伤中恢复并在更多的德国大学中得到了巩固。汉学的发展使对中国文学、文化、历史的深入研究成为可能。著名作家德布林、黑塞、卡内蒂、艾希等人进而在作品中成功实现了文学构思与中国思想宝库的融合，最终也给德国人心中的中国形象打下了深深的烙印。     

政策时滞、制度博弈与信任赤字——以当下人事档案制度的病变为研究对象

中国社会所处的时代是一个大转型的时代，公共政策的变革必须从转轨语境和中国国情出发。随着改革开放的深入与市场经济的发展、公共领域的扩大和市民社会的形成，当下人事档案制度已无法适应时代转型和社会进步的要求，政策时滞引发的制度博弈不可避免。“弃档死档”、“人档脱节”、“人质档案”、“档案克隆”、“注水档案”现象的存在以及各种档案官司的出现，有力地昭示着“人事档案制度的黄昏”已经到来。“说起来重要，排起来次要．用起来需要，忙起来不要”的“体制阑尾”和“制度鸡肋”正在拷问着这项公共人事制度的未来。从“单位人”向“社会人”嬗变的过程中，人事档案制度成为除户籍制度外的又一个“人才壁垒”。公共政策的时代张力和信任赤字表明，人事档案制度改革必定沿着契约化、电子化、社会化、法制化的轨道前行。     

试论商业贿赂行为的立法规范

商业贿赂行为是不正当竞争行为的一种。竞争是市场经济的产物,是市场经济最基本的运行机制,没有竞争就无法实现资源的合理配置,故市场经济是竞争经济。然而,市场本身并不能保证竞争的自由和公平,所以会伴随着不正当竞争行为的出现,商业贿赂行为亦如此。商业贿赂行为扰乱了市场经济秩序,破坏了公平竞争环境,桎梏了市场健康发展。但目前我国法律和行政规章在商业贿赂的立法规范上存在缺失和局限,需要重新审视并作出相应的调整。     

方法发明专利案件审理中应注意的几个问题——从东莞建益实业公司诉常俊召、万权、南海里水台信家具厂一案谈起

一、案情简介原告东莞建益实业有限公司(下称建益公司)是一家专门生产销售各种藤家具的专业厂家,系名称为“藤条的多色着色工艺方法”的ZL01129998.3号发明专利的独占实施许可人。该专利于2001年11月27日提出申请,2003年6月25日获授权并公告,现为有效专利。该专利独立权利要求为:一种藤条的多色着色工艺方法,其特征在于该工艺方法包括如下步骤:(1)把待着色的长藤条以等距或不等距的间隔划分成若干小段;(2)将藤条的第一小段放入盛有色料一及其稀释液体的容器中进行颜色一的着色;(3)再依次把藤条未着色的其他部分放入盛有色料二、色料三、色…