Selfish and Cooperative Voting: Can the Majority Restrain Themselves?

At every scale from small committees to national elections, voters face tradeoffs between self-interest and the common good. We report three experiments in which participants vote for policies with real payoffs at stake. We manipulate self-interest by randomly assigning participants to two groups in society with different policy payoffs. Participants in the majority group are confronted by a simple choice between a policy that is better for themselves or a policy that is best for society. Overall, we find a clear effect of self-interest: Participants are more likely to choose the policy that earns them more money, compared to participants in the other group, even when the policy is detrimental to the common good. Simultaneously, we observe considerable levels of cooperative voting among participants in the majority, ranging from 47% to 79% across different payoff regimes. Finally, participants were not more cooperative when voting compared to when they chose between the same policies with a lottery or leader institution, departing from the hypothesis that voting institutions promote cooperative motives. We discuss implications for multiple literatures about voting behavior.

     

Academia Meets Community Agency: How to Foster Positive Collaboration in Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Work

Collaborative and supportive partnerships among academicians and community agency members represent one method of working successfully toward ending violence against women. Members of academia and service agencies are uniquely poised to collaborate with one another to foster both domestic violence and sexual assault research agendas as well as direct service to survivors. This paper provides suggestions and methods of how to create positive, collaborative relationships between academicians and service providers in the field of domestic violence (DV) and sexual assault (SA). Specifically, we will discuss the reasons for collaboration, useful steps in developing a partnership, issues of trust and time investment, research methods, and giving back.     

改革开放以来党探索中国工业化道路的世界新视野

改革开放以来,中国工业化发展模式相继经历了以制度创新和对外开放、以推进信息化和可持续发展为主要内容的两次创新,成功地探寻到了顺应世界潮流的中国特色的工业化道路,既突破了苏联东欧国家的传统社会主义工业化发展模式,又超越了西方发达资本主义国家的传统工业化发展模式。这两次探索的飞跃,不仅在于党对中国基本国情的深刻认识,还在于党以全球战略眼光和全球战略意识,将当代中国工业化的发展置于世界工业化进程中进行考察,对经济全球化时代中国工业化与世界工业化关系所作的辩证思考。这一探索视角的转变,凸现了其对新世纪推进中国特色社会主义发展的重要理论价值和实践启示意义。     

Proposed Method for Predicting Pair Matching of Skeletal Elements Allows Too Many False Rejections

Byrd proposes a method for predicting pair matches in commingled remains to reduce visual comparison. The method compares differences between left and right postcranial element measurements in commingled samples with differences in known pairs from a reference sample using a t‐score approach. We duplicated his protocol using six elements from two samples of known paired elements (n = 854 to 1063) and calculated the number of pairs correctly predicted. Time commitment was estimated by mathematically attempting matches with all left and right elements in these samples. Although the results show an 86% reduction in the number of potential pairs requiring visual matching, we do not recommend the method because (i) the normality assumption for use of a t‐score approach is violated, (ii) no account is made for bilateral asymmetry, and (iii) the high rate of false rejections (up to 22%) undermines its ability to show true incompatibilities for potential pair matches.     

Trade and investment: Introduction to the special issue

This special issue focuses on a variety of political-economy questions on trade and investment and is guided by a shared understanding that trade and investment processes can no longer be studied in isolation from each other. Three articles provide new insights into the study of the design of preferential trade agreements and effects thereof, two of which focus on the politically salient issues of non-trade concerns. A third one investigates which export sectors win from improved market access opportunities, in order words, how gains from trade are distributed. Two articles study the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement system. One contribution is unpacking the role of the most important and influential firms and investors in affecting US behavior in WTO disputes, a second contribution studies how leadership changes in democracies and autocracies have different effects on dispute behavior. Finally, the special issue includes a new study on how the shadow economies in developing states are affected by the integration into the world economy (trade and investment) and by policy programs of the International Monetary Fund.     

村寨经济体系下和谐劳动关系的政策构建与操作实务 —— 以贵州乡村地区为例

基于战略劳动关系管理的理论框架与构建和谐劳动关系的价值导向,聚焦以中国贵州乡村地区(特别是民族村寨地区)本地产业发展中所呈现的劳动关系问题。在"村寨经济"这一全新的产业分析框架下,提出村寨经济劳动关系中的传统价值因素。这些传统价值因素不仅使村寨经济劳动关系不同于经典劳动关系,也不同于农民工、农村用工的概念范畴,即便与以非标准与灵活就业为特点的、互联网共享经济时代下的新用工理念也并不契合,而需要一套全新的分析框架与实务规范。研究结合贵州乡村地区企业案例,认为村寨经济企业要发展必须尊重并容纳这些传统价值因素,并据此提出在村寨经济的发展中构建和谐劳动关系的政策建议与操作实务。     

坚持在契约自由原则下维护契约正义——关于商品房买卖合同纠纷案件中格式条款法律适用问题的调研报告

以美国学者格兰特·吉尔莫为代表的西方法学界哀叹“契约死亡”!果真如此吗？笔者以亲身经历的3个典型案例反映出“个案困境”,以30起1363件商品房买卖系列纠纷案件分析出“整体困局”,由现行法律的基本原则、准入规则和无效规则剥离出“立法困惑”,一个个立法、司法现实。使读者深感我国现行格式条款法律制度的“问题困扰”,契约死亡并非恫吓!如何让沧桑百年①、造尽辉煌,而今却濒临死亡的契约理论再生？包括日本学者内田贵的《契约的再生》在内,迄今尚无满意答案。笔者认为,探明法理根据是规制格式条款的前提,也是契约再生的基础。于是提出格式条款非平等性、非协商性、非特定性的“三非”特征．“格式条款规制说”的性质,契约自由与交易秩序和谐、公平交易与效率经济统一、基本生存与持续发展兼顾的价值取向。契约再生必须有立法、行政和司法的共同给力,体现在格式条款的三条规制路径：立法界定立法定义、确立规制原则、明确条款准入规则、理顺无效原则体系;行政健全审查备案制度和违法禁用制度;司法建立绝对相对无效、免责加责和主要权利判断、提示义务范围和条款解释等规则。     

Comprehensive evaluation: a holistic approach to evaluating domestic violence offender programmes

This article argues that the focus on behavioural outcomes in evaluations of domestic violence offender programmes has been too narrow, and that a more holistic approach incorporating investigation of the psychological characteristics of offenders and treatment characteristics may be required to determine what works, for whom, and under what circumstances. To this end, one interpretation of a comprehensive evaluation framework is outlined. The article hypothesises the insights to be gained by assessing the contribution of several potential mediating variables of the treatment process in the evaluation of these programmes. These variables are the heterogeneity of treatment targets in the target population; motivation to change; programme integrity variables; and therapeutic factors. The article concludes that only by implementing theoretically informed, multifaceted evaluations will we move closer to understanding the process of successful rehabilitation.