中共哈尔滨市委党校学习贯彻党的十九届五中全会精神学习交流摘要

党的十九届五中全会是在“两个一百年”历史交汇点上召开的一次具有全局性历史性意义的会议。全会审议通过了《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二〇三五年远景目标的建议》(以下简称《建议》),对“十四五”时期我国经济社会发展作出了系统谋划和战略部署。为学习、宣传、贯彻好党的十九届五中全会精神,引导带动广大教研人员努力成为学习全会精神的排头兵和主力军,中共哈尔滨市委党校组织教研人员学习交流。现摘编部分发言,以飨读者。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

灾害衍生型群体性事件:当前社会矛盾冲突的新形态

自然灾害不仅会给人的生命财产带来巨大损失,而且还易衍生各种群体性事件。研究灾害衍生型群体性事件,探讨特定的灾害情境及群体性事件要素的异化,构建灾害衍生型群体性事件的演化模型,明晰事件的演化特征,可以从动态角度分析自然灾害与群体性事件之间的衍生关系,实现对灾害衍生型群体性事件的全景式展现,拓展我国群体性事件的研究思路,为灾害衍生型群体性事件的有效处置提供针对性策略。     

Railway Sector Reform in China: controversy and problems

The railway sector in China has undergone several major rounds of reform and institutional restructuring since 1986. These reform initiatives have largely been unsuccessful due to strong resistance from vested interest groups. The development of China's railway sector has raised some challenging issues that include the centralization of power in the Ministry of Railways (MOR), state monopoly control, rampant corruption and the accumulation of a huge debt burden. The 2013 railway reform initiatives have provided very little in the way of concrete measures to deal with these thorny issues but have instead created more controversy and problems in an already crisis-ridden sector. For the railway industry, the transformation from the mixed-function MOR to a monopolistic China Railway Corporation (CRC) will not necessarily lead to better railway management.     

法治追梦路上的灵魂伴侣

2021年12月,我与往常一样,打开2021年第34期《人民司法》,希望在文章里寻求灵感。蓦然间,“审理跨境电商案件的探索与思考”一文赫然入目,兼具文章作者和资深读者双重身份的我,那一刻的欣喜竟有了一种立体的律动。     

病毒性出血败血症病毒实时荧光RT-RPA恒温检测方法的建立

为建立一种简单、快速的病毒性出血败血症病毒(VHSV)检测方法,本研究通过比较分析VHSV N基因的保守序列,设计了多对引物和一条探针。经过筛选优化,建立了实时荧光RT-RPA检测方法。该方法在39℃恒温反应20 min即可快速、特异性地检测出VHSV,与其他水生动物病毒不发生交叉反应,该方法检测限为1.83×10^3PFU/mL,利用本研究方法对30份鲑鳟鱼临床样品以及9份鱼类疫病病原样品进行检测,检测结果与荧光定量PCR方法结果一致。上述结果表明,本研究建立的检测方法操作简单,反应灵敏,结果可靠,仪器依赖性低,适用于现场对VHSV快速检测。     

政治转型与民粹主义的生成——以东南亚国家为例

民粹主义是转型国家政治发展过程中必经的环节,表现为一系列激进的大众政治运动,其背后隐藏着各种权力争夺与精英操作。在东南亚,民粹主义是各国从威权走向民主的转型历程中已经完成或正在面临的严峻考验,这一现象的广泛出现与东南亚特定的政治、经济、社会条件密切相关,首先是宪政民主的制度建设缺乏相应的经济发展水平支持;其次是因分配不公和城乡二元结构,形成了既得利益集团与中下层民众之间紧张的阶级关系;最后是新生政治势力与传统政治势力的较量被具体化为争夺民众支持的斗争。与欧美民粹的左右两极同时发展和拉丁美洲民粹持续影响国家决策不同的是,由于传统文化与传统政治因素的约束,东南亚民粹主义左右政治发展方向的空间较为有限。     

成本导向的机关事务管理优化路径研究

成本导向的机关事务管理优化应沿着提升地方政府竞争力的路径系统推进:一是管理成本的标准化路径,具体推进机关服务产品的标准化、机关事务部门与其他部门关系的法定化、服务标准的社会化、预算控制的绩效化、绩效管理的常态化;二是服务对象的扩大化,以社会大众的公共需求为前提和依据,创新机关部门的社会服务方式,并以公益价值的实现和创造能力为主要的价值目标和绩效考核依据;三是社会评价的公开化,推进机关国有资产管理、财政经费使用管理和后勤服务管理的信息系统建设,完善机关服务质量第三方评估机制,构建承接机关服务企业信用档案与分级分类管理平台。     

Can Tourism Promote Inclusive Growth? Supply Chains,Ownership and Employment in Ha Long Bay,Vietnam

Inclusive growth is contested yet adopted by the World Bank to reduce poverty and inequality through rapid economic growth. Research has tested inclusive growth in sectors including agriculture, but few studies apply it to tourism which is significant for many developing countries. The paper interrogates tourism-led inclusive growth: supply chains, economic linkages/leakage, ownership, employment and expenditure. It draws from fieldwork in Vietnam where tourism has rapidly developed with partial economic benefits for local communities, but does not appear to fall within the inclusive growth paradigm. It is unclear if tourism-led growth will become any more inclusive in the short-to-medium term.     

Deeper Commitment to Human Rights Treaties: Signaling and Investment Risk Perception

Why do some leaders make deeper commitments to human rights treaties (HRAs) by consenting to receive extra monitoring of complaints or communications from individual citizens? Extant theory suggests leaders join HRAs for tangible benefits. However, empirical support for this argument is mixed. To address this mismatch, we approach this question from a different angle. We argue that by ratifying HRAs, leaders send a signal that they are reliable partners who value future returns. Accepting optional articles and protocols that increase monitoring of the state’s human rights behavior, without changing the state’s substantive obligations, helps better signal that the regime does not fear instability nor sees the need to resort to the proscribed abuses in the future. This, in turn, serves as an important middle step to recognizing tangible benefits, such as foreign direct investment, by improving investors’ risk perception of ratified countries.