Comparison of feature selection and data fusion of Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy for identifying watercolor ink

The identification of different kinds of watercolor inks is an important work in the field of forensic science. Four different kinds of watercolor ink Spectroscopy data fusion strategies (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy) combined with a non-linear classification model (Extreme Learning Machine) were used to identify the brand of watercolor inks. The study chose Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), Random Frog (RF), Variable Combination Population Analysis-Genetic Algorithm (VCPA-GA), and Variable Combination Population Analysis-Iteratively Retains Informative Variables (VCPA-IRIV) to extract characteristic variables for mid-level data fusion. The Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm is used to optimize the extreme learning machine classification model. The results showed that the classification capacity of the mid-level fusion spectra model was more satisfactory than that of single Infrared spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy. The CS-ELM models based on infrared spectroscopy used to recognize the watercolor ink according to brands (ZHENCAI, DELI, CHENGUANG, and STAEDTLER) obtained an accuracy of 66.67% in the test set using all spectral datasets. The accuracy of CS-ELM models based on Raman spectroscopy was 67.39%. The characteristic wavelength selection algorithms effectively improved the accuracy of the CS-ELM models. The classification accuracy of the mid-level spectroscopy fusion model combined with the VCPA-IRIV algorithm was 100%. The data fusion method increased effectively spectral information. The method could satisfactorily identify different brands of watercolor inks and support the preservation of artifacts, paintings, and forensic document examination.     

命案现场勘验常见失误

命案现场勘验失误主要表现在:勘验人员对痕迹应发现而未发现,应提取而未提取;勘验不全面细致,忽略中心现场的周围;勘验处理程序不规范,操作不标准,失灭大量的有效物证;勘验责任范围不明,分工无序,出现勘查盲区;现场汇报以偏概全,误导侦查视线;描述不详,记录不明,图照不清,影响办案质量。减少命案现场勘验失误的措施有:制定命案现场勘验预案;实现现场勘查全面质量管理,规范痕迹物证的具体操作程序;确定命案现场指挥人员,保障勘验工作协调有序;强化勘验人员刑事诉讼意识;优化勘验器材的配备。     

传播音乐·碰撞文化·引导思想——以音乐为核心的非艺术类普通高校学生综合素质提升课程

进入21世纪,以学生将来的终身成长和成才为培养目标的当代中国高校教育逐步增加了对音乐教育的重视力度。一般非艺术类普通高校也根据各自实际情况纷纷开设音乐、美术鉴赏等公共艺术选修课,企图扭转以往过分偏重专业教育而导致的大学生人文素质缺失现象。本文试运用传播学、心理学、教育学的相关知识来分析普通高校传播高雅音乐的现状与问题,从中总结和归纳以音乐为核心的普通高校学生综合素质提升课程模式。     

论美国的正当程序理念及制度对我国环境行政听证的启示--中美环境行政听证制度比较

美国联邦宪法的"正当程序条款"赋予了公民听证的权利,并在此基础上发展形成了一整套听证制度,环境行政听证制度经20世纪后半叶的不断发展也趋于完善,从而给予了公民充分参与环境决策以维护自身环境权益的机会和权利.相比之下,我国的环境行政听证才刚刚起步,有许多地方需要尽快完善.美国完善的环境行政听证制度可以为我们提供这方面的参考.     

关于加强党内民主建设的几点思考

“党内民主是党的生命”,这是总结党执政的历史经验得出的重要结论。明确什么是党内民主,为什么要发展党内民主和怎样发展党内民主,是我们党在新世纪新阶段所面临而必须认真解决的重大理论和现实问题。笔者认为,加强党内民主建设,要准确把握党内民主的深刻内涵;全面认识发展党内民主的重要性和紧迫性;着力探索加强党内民主建设的对策措施。     

英国政府信息公开和突发事件舆情应对的做法及启示

英国,全称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国,国土面积24.41万平方公里,人口6605万。英国是世界上第一个实现工业化、第一个实现城市化的国家。在新闻传播方面,英国是传统媒体产生较早的国家之一。1922年BBC广播电台成立,1930年开播了第一个电视频道。1982年BBC有了有线电视,与此同时,英国有了卫星电视台,英国的电视节目可以传播到所有欧洲国家。     

Inherent Fluorescence Detection of Latent Fingermarks by Homemade Shortwave Ultraviolet Laser

Detection of latent fingermarks on various substrates is critical in crime investigations. Conventional chemical methods using reagents could contaminate or even destruct biological information of samples. Here, an optical method and successful case application of detecting latent fingermarks through long‐wave ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence (300–400 nm) by shortwave UV laser excitation is reported. Experimental results indicate that the recovery rate of the latent fingermarks on various paper items is in the range of 70–80% without chemical treatments. Moreover, the optical method allows for the preservation of samples for further examination, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. The technique has also been successfully applied to a criminal case in identifying the suspect, which, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported in real crime investigations. Therefore, such a method as UV‐excited UV fluorescence in detecting latent fingermarks may be better for examination in cases where biological information of samples is needed for consequent testing.     

Analysis and application of relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction

Through theoretical analysis and introduction of some empirical parameters, the relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance was studied concentratedly. Here, the post-braking-distance is the distance a vehicle will travel from the impact position to when it comes to a complete stop. Two useful formulas which are meaningful in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction were finally obtained. The first one can be used to calculate impact speed according to throw distance, while the other one can describe the relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance. Their feasibility has been validated by comparing with other scholars' empirical formulas and simulation results of software Pc-Crash, respectively. The relationship between post-braking-distance and throw distance has very bright application perspective in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction such as helping policemen obtain more useful evidences, validating credibility of the throw distance, judging whether the vehicle is fully braked or not, determining the impact position etc. Finally its application was demonstrated by three cases, in which the impact speed was also calculated. All results until now have shown that conclusions obtained in this article are feasible and helpful in vehicle-pedestrian accident reconstruction.     

基于战略性新兴产业的经济发展方式转变研究

转变经济发展方式已刻不容缓,那么如何加快转变,转变的新的推动力在哪?战略性新兴产业是一国或地区实现未来经济持续增长的先导产业,由于资源环境约束、竞争力约束、新支柱产业缺失等因素的存在,发展战略性新兴产业成为我国经济发展方式转变的必然选择。但目前我国战略性产业的发展存在观念理念保守、雷同式布局、市场培育不足、体制机制陈旧等问题,因此需要采取消除观念理念偏差、强化规划引导、加强园区集聚、强化技术源培育、培育市场需求、完善体制机制等措施,突破性发展战略性新兴产业,加快促进我国经济发展方式转变。     

岛屿制度与南海海域划界

岛屿对于确定国家海权具有重大意义。海洋法公约对岛屿、岩礁及其他岛礁确定了规则,而对岛屿在海域划界中的作用却缺乏明确的规定。现存国际实践在确定岛屿在海域划界中的作用时考虑的因素很多。南海海域广袤,但岛屿小,其在海域划界中的作用值得深入研究。