浅析低龄职务犯罪心理及预防

职务犯罪低龄化现象日趋严重，面对这一现象，学者们习惯于从宏观视角分析其原因及预防措施．而对低龄职务犯罪心理甚少关注。通过对低龄职务犯罪的概念、特点、危害以及几种典型心理进行分析，深入探索低龄职务犯罪心理结构中的各具体心理要素，并进一步将整个低龄职务犯罪心理的形成过程动态化，从而对低龄职务犯罪进行心理预防。     

英美刑法共谋罪属性述评

共谋罪是一种抽象危险犯、继续犯和合伙型犯罪,这种观念和制度设计对共谋罪的刑事司法运作产生了重大的影响。法益保护的早期化,犯罪认定的宽松化,责任范围的宽泛化,外化行为要件的形式化,追诉时效的延长化,脱离共谋的困难化,传闻证据例外规则的虚置化,管辖地选择的任意化等是共谋罪独特属性在刑事司法运作上的深刻反映。共谋罪的运用,在对付有组织犯罪、恐怖犯罪等严重犯罪,提前保护法益方面具有重大的现实意义,但同时也具有易被滥用、侵犯人权的潜在风险,值得引起我们的高度警惕。     

医疗物品致人损害责任的举证制度研究

医疗物品致人损害责任是医疗损害责任的一种特殊形式，同时又具有产品责任的某些特点。对外．药品、消毒药剂和医疗器械致损的归责原则是无过错原则；而血液致损的归责原则是过错原则。对内。医疗机构承担的是无过错责任．因此在无过错时有权向最终的责任主体追偿。医疗物品责任实行的是“谁主张。谁举证”的归责原则，因此受损害方承担了证明医疗损害责任三个构成要件的证明责任；而医疗产品生产商和医疗机构都可以通过举证《产品质量法》规定的法定情况的存在而免责，但医疗机构不得对“未投入流通”这一情况而免责．血液提供机构承担了证明自己不存在过错的举证责任。为了更好的平衡举证责任和举证能力．我国应该对与证据价值密切相关的两个制度证据保全和医疗鉴定予以完善。     

中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效和安全性的系统评价

目的 系统评价中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效和安全性。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane Library、PsycINFO、Embase中所有关于中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的随机对照试验。根据预先设定的标准由两名研究者独立筛选，使用Review Manager 5.3软件进行纳入研究的偏倚风险评估和Meta分析。结果 最终23项研究共2 314个对象被纳入数据分析，未发现中成药与安慰剂比较的研究。中成药组与哌甲酯组的总有效率比较，差异无统计学意义（RR=1.06，95% CI为0.99～1.13，P=0.08），但中成药组的不良反应总发生率低于哌甲酯组，差异有统计学意义（RR=0.14，95% CI为0.08～0.24，P<0.000 01）。中成药联合哌甲酯组总有效率高于哌甲酯组，差异有统计学意义（RR=1.17，95% CI为1.07～1.29，P=0.000 5）；两组不良反应总发生率的差异无统计学意义（RR=0.53，95% CI为0.24～1.17，P=0.11）。结论 中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效良好且不良反应少，但仍需要设计更合理的高质量随机对照研究，尤其是与安慰剂对照的研究来证实。     

俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼中犯罪人有罪证明中的相关问题

《俄罗斯联邦刑事诉讼法典》第15条明确了辩论制原则,但其存在一定的负面效果。该法第86条的证据收集规则使有悖于指控倾向的事实材料、非国家机关性质诉讼参与人取得的鉴定结论及专家结论一律无法归入案卷。这打破了审前诉讼阶段的控辩平等,违背了刑诉法,最终导致了案件客观真相难以查明的后果。     

儿童权利的文化解释

In China, the protection of juvenile rights has historically been a secondary consideration, which is often relegated to the status of “goal for the future”. However, the value of juvenile rights and their protection lie not only in the morality of child protection, but also in the role that juvenile rights can play in the development of human rights as a whole. Publicity given to juvenile rights reminds us of the “adult society” standing in complementary opposition to the “juvenile society” that juvenile rights refer to. It is adult society to deal with juvenile rights, so any errors of understanding or failures of equality can lead to children being deprived of the rights. The rational underpinnings of juvenile rights are the weapons with which we can counter the influence of traditional, conservative thinking. These arguments will allow children to assume their rightful role as an independent group whose rights are academically and practically accepted and protected.     

Mapping the knowledge of traffic collision Reconstruction: A scientometric analysis in CiteSpace,VOSviewer, and SciMAT

Traffic collisions are incidents with high fatality rate which generate billions of US dollars of loss worldwide each year. Post-collision scene reconstruction, which involves knowledge of multiple disciplines, is an important approach to restore the traffic collision and infer the cause of it. This paper uses software CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and SciMAT to conduct a visualization study of knowledge mapping on the literature of traffic collision scene reconstruction from 2001 to 2021 based on the Web of Science database. Knowledge mapping is a cutting-edge research method in scientometric, which has been widely applied in medicine and informatics. Compared with traditional literature review, knowledge mapping with visual techniques identifies hot keywords and key literature in the field more scientifically, and displays them in schematic diagrams intuitively which allows to further predict potential hotspots. A total of 803 original papers are retrieved to analyze and discuss the evolution of the field in the past 20 years, from macro to micro, in term of background information, popular themes, and knowledge structure. Results indicate the number of publications in this field is limited, and collaborations among authors and among institutions are insufficient. In the meantime, mappings imply the top three hot themes being scene reconstruction, computer technology, and injuries. The introduction of AI related technologies, such as neural networks and genetic algorithms, into collision reconstruction would be a potential research direction.     

转化生长因子β1的研究进展及其法医学应用价值

转化生长因子pl（transforminggrowthfactor-β1,TGF-β1）是一种具有多种生物学活性的细胞因子,存在于多种生物的不同组织中,广泛参与调节细胞增殖和分化等过程。本文综述TGF-β1的生物学特性及其在法医学中的应用价值,以期为损伤时间推断的基础研究和实际检案工作提供参考资料。     

事业单位改革的五点思考

事业单位改革是中国改革的重要环节,其影响力和难度不亚于国有企业改革。本文着重围绕推进事业单位改革应考虑的五个方面进行深入探讨,提出了改革的前提是科学分类、支撑是理论构建、重点是体制机制、方法是积极稳妥、保障是法制建设的观点。     

单管一步甲基化可变位点分析技术

目的建立单管一步甲基化可变位点（methylationvariableposition,MVP）分析技术一单管消化后PCR链融解曲线分析（post—digestionPCR—meltingcurveanalysis,PDP—MCA）。方法以文献报道的差异甲基化区（differentiallymethylatedregion,DMR）为模型,在MVP两侧设计一组解链温度各不相同的引物。应用FastDigest甲基化敏感性限制酶（methylation—sensitiverestrictionenzyme,MSRE）,在同一反应管内顺次进行DNA的酶切、复合扩增和MCA检测．生成MCA图谱。同时用该方法和传统的MSRE—PCRMCA技术检测相同样品（外周静脉血、精液、阴道液各5份）,比较两种方法检测结果,验证其可行性,并分析比较不同样品的MCA／HRM图谱。结果解链温度相差2℃以上的片段,MCA峰分离良好,复合扩增后可以用MCA技术检测。应用单管PDP—MCA技术,可以集酶切、扩增和检测三步于一管,在2h内得到与传统方法一致的特异性图谱和数据,并实现样品的快速分类鉴别。结论单管PDP-MCA技术可以实现多个MVP的单管、闭管检测,具有简便、快速、易于自动化等优点,可用于样品DNA甲基化差异的检测。