基于角膜图像的人体死亡时间推断模型初探

目的尸体角膜随死后时间延长发生的形态学变化是规律性较好的指标,常用来判断死亡时间(postmortem interval,PMI)。本文尝试用机器视觉代替人的肉眼主观判断,收集尸体样本以建立通过人体角膜图像推断PMI的模型。方法收集实际案例建立包含505例人体死后角膜图像的数据库,PMI范围为0.24h(约死后14min)至492h(约死后20.5d),大致分为三类(依次为:0~<6h、6~<20h、20h及以上)或二类(0~<15h、15h及以上);使用由华盛顿大学陈天奇博士提出的Xgboost模型分别进行二分类与三分类分析;使用多种卷积神经网络模型分别进行分类和回归学习,并通过比较最终选择了由微软研究院提出的ResNet模型进行分析。结果Xgboost在三分类时预测准确率依次为71.8%、40.7%、65.7%,二分类时为90%、48.5%。ResNet分类模型中,精准率、召回率在三分类时分别依次为:81%、75%,30%、50%,61%、71%,二分类时为:70%、92%,76%、38%。ResNet回归模型中,比较整个模型的预测结果,0~6h内的预测值与真实值较为接近,均值误差为0.5616,均方误差为0.5873,6h之后开始出现较大误差。结论分类和回归模型都在0~6h之内得到了很好的结果,说明在此时间段内,角膜图像噪声较低,可预测性强。     

当前我国新农村建设中人力资本投资探析——基于舒尔茨的人力资本理论视角

十八届三中全会提出要让广大农民平等参与现代化进程、共同分享现代化成果,而社会主义新农村建设是农民全面享有现代化成果的最重要途径。但在新农村建设过程中,农民科学文化素质较低、医疗卫生条件较差、"二次就业"困难等问题都制约着新农村建设的顺利开展。充分运用舒尔茨的人力资本理论,对于解决我国新农村建设过程中存在的人力资源问题具有重要的启示。     

Copyright protection for AI-generated outputs: The experience from China

Artificial intelligence (AI) is involved more frequently in the creative process nowadays, which raises debates associated with copyright protection for its outputs across the globe, China included. On 25 April 2019, the Beijing Internet Court released the first decision in relation to the copyrightability of the output automatically generated by computer software in China. In this case, the Beijing Internet Court held that copyrightable works should be created by natural persons, and therefore denied copyright protection for the output intelligently generated by computer software although it possessed originality. In another case decided on 24 December 2019, the Nanshan District Court of Shenzhen approved that the output automatically generated by computer software was copyrightable, holding that the review generated by an intelligent writing software conformed to the formal requirements of written works and it could be granted copyright protection.This article analyses these two cases in detail and describes the experience of China in copyright protection for AI-generated outputs. As the first two cases about copyrightability of AI-generated outputs in China, the two cases play a significant role in future copyright protection of such outputs nationally and internationally. The two cases indicate that some of AI-generated outputs are eligible for copyright protection in China. Instead of challenging the existing doctrines of modern copyright regime, the two decisions provide a mechanism for copyright protection of AI-generated outputs within the current human-centered copyright law realm.     

从融合到分立:儿童网络色情信息犯罪的刑事规制

儿童网络色情信息犯罪侵害的法益是"直接层法益"与"间接层法益"双重法益。"直接层法益"为儿童的身心健康权利与以"免受性剥削和性虐待"为核心的被动性的性权利,"直接层法益"为个人法益;"间接层法益"为性道德等社会法益。而成年人网络色情信息犯罪侵害的主要是基于"性的隐秘性"善良性风尚和性道德的社会法益。法益具有立法检视功能和区分功能,客观上需要将儿童网络色情犯罪与成年人网络色情犯罪分离,进而设置独立的刑事规范,并对儿童网络色情信息范围、犯罪行为类型及网络服务提供商的责任重新进行建构。     

Research on the dilemma and improvement of legal regulation for unfair competition related to corporate data in China

Corporate data disputes have been rising rapidly in recent years in China. Courts typically apply the trade secret clause, the Internet clause, and the general clause under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of PRC to the disputes. However, there are some limitations and problems, including the limited scope of the trade secret clause, the difficulty in interpretation of the Internet clause, and short of sufficient demonstration of the general clause, all leading to the lack of clear rules and guidelines for solving corporate data competition issue. The property nature of corporate data and the business operators’ factual control of the data necessarily require standard legal protection. Corporate data is not the property right, but the property interest protected under the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. For further legal positioning of the corporate data, the paper refers to the trade secret clause’s legislative principles. The paper also learns from the United States and Japan that both information misappropriation rule and newly established ‘shared data with limited access’ provision protect corporate data under their anti-unfair competition law. The paper concludes by providing judicial and legislative suggestions to pave the way for corporate data protection in China. At the judicial level, Chinese courts should clarify the specific application conditions of the general clause. At the legislative level, enacting new legislation ‘data clause’ into the Anti-Unfair Competition Law is necessary to regulate unfair competition behaviors related to corporate data.     

Mapping the development of China's data protection law: Major actors,core values,and shifting power relations

This Article seeks to map the possible paths of the development of China's data protection law by examining the changing power relations among three major actors - the State, digital enterprises and the public in the context of China's booming data-driven economy. We argue that focusing on different core values, these three major actors are the key driving forces shaping China's data protection regime. Their dynamic and multidimensional power relations have been casting the development of China's data protection law with various uncertainties. When persuing different, yet not always conflicting values, these three major actors may both cooperate and compete with each other. Based on our careful analysis of the shifting power relations, we identify and assess three possible paths of the development of China's data protection law. We are much concerned that the proposed comprehensive data protection law might be a new attempt of the State to win legitimacy abroad, while actually trying to reinforce massive surveillance besides economic goals. We argue that a modest alternative may be that this law might show some genuine efforts for protecting data privacy, but still with poor enforcement. Last, we argue that the most desirable development would be that this law could provide basic but meaningful and effective protection for data privacy, and lay a good foundation for further development.     

论行政发展的政治生态优化

管理行政是在近代民主政治的框架中形成的,以民主政治为其政治生态。政治—行政二分原则的确立既使行政在工具的意义上获得了相对于政治的独立性,又使行政必须受到政治的监督和控制。在此条件下,管理行政拥有了形式公共性。然而,随着实质公共性追求的确立,作为工具性行政的管理行政受到了挑战。在社会的高度复杂性和高度不确定性的条件下,促进合作的需要和社会治理主体的多元化等要求管理行政转变为服务行政。服务行政难以在形式民主的条件下得到实现,与之相适应的应是一种合作政治的生态。     

美好生活的社会保护水准:社会政策体系中基本生活需要标准的建构

基本生活需要保障是我国不断满足人民美好生活需要的基础。构建基本生活需要标准,关键在于瞄准相对贫困目标、构建福利认证标准和消除社会排斥状态。基于人类需要理论和国外基本需要战略等相关研究,应以民生保障、适度普惠、多维满足和防止伤害等为具体目标,建构起具有中国特色的基本生活需要标准。这一标准分为最低标准和适当标准两个层次,包括收入、医疗、教育、住房和照料五个维度的货币指标和非货币指标。以"美好生活"为核心的新时代社会政策体系要在全面性与协调性、主动性与精准性、适度性与发展性三个方向着力保障人民基本生活需要,从消除绝对贫困走向解决相对贫困。