Women’s age at last childbearing and its determinants: a case study of Antwerp (Flanders,Belgium) on the basis of the multi-source COR* historical sample

Declines in the age at last childbearing in the first demographic transition reflected conscious changes in fertility behaviour during that period, in particular efforts to limit the total number of children. Such fertility limitation behaviour was the net result of ‘cultural causal factors’ on the one hand and ‘structural and economic causal factors’ on the other hand. This paper analyses the evolution of women’s age at last childbearing by reconstructing women’s life histories based on data from the multi-source COR* historical sample for Antwerp in the period 1846–1920. The paper also assesses the causes of this evolution through a number of theoretically grounded structural/economic, cultural and life course determinants, placing these concepts in a macro-micro framework of methodological individualism. For this purpose, in the first place a Kaplan-Meier analysis is applied to 10-year birth cohorts; a proportional hazard model is also applied to three different birth cohorts (mothers born before 1840; born in the period 1840–1859; and born after 1860); and a range of cultural and life course determinants are analysed, including women’s literacy status, marriage witness characteristics, the seasonality of marriages and births, and birth histories. The analysis confirms the decline in the age at last childbearing especially in the late cohort, and also highlights inter-cohort differences caused by cultural and life course determinants.     

我国城市老年人居家养老与社区照顾初探

我国人口老龄化发展速度快,老龄化地区差异大,城市老人家庭空巢化、高龄化现象日渐严重,传统家庭养老模式已无法满足城市老年人的养老需求,社区的发展使社区成为城市为老服务的最佳载体。推行居家养老与社区照顾相结合的养老方式是解决我国城市老年人养老问题的最佳选择。     

得体特点探析

得体的特点比较复杂,一般来说,语境的交叉性导致得体的多解性,语境的多变性导致得体的灵活性,表达的多样性导致得体的相对性,语境的复杂性导致得体的矛盾性。     

论犯罪断念与青少年犯罪预防

犯罪断念是抛却未成年阶段暂时性偏离社会规范要求的行为模式变化。成功塑造犯罪断念的首要依据是处于转型时期的越轨青少年的内部条件改适,外部因素激励犯罪断念的渐次展开。规律的作息、接受正规的职业教育、正常的就业,能够减少与沾染不良习气同龄人的非正当接触。政策控制是塑成犯罪断念的第三层次的影响因素。聚焦于心理帮助、道德规范指引、技术培养、能力训练等项目的政策控制相对更能引导青少年与反社会行为决裂。     

马克思产权理论中产权的基本功能研究

由于马克思主义的产权理论和现代西方的产权理论是两种不同的产权理论。因此,人们通常误认为马克思产权理论中的产权功能和西方产权理论中的产权功能是不同的。但实际上．马克思产权理论中的产权的基本功能和西方产权理论中的产权的基本功能是相通的,在本质上并不存在区别。     

贯彻落实科学发展观 创新企业党建工作——广西玉柴机器集团有限公司以党建促进企业可持续发展的基本经验

广西玉柴机器集团有限公司在探索国企党建中,立足科学发展,充分发挥党组织的领导核心作用、强化学习、完善制度,使党的政治优势与市场的资源配置效率有机结合,为实现企业党建与经济效益的双赢提供了新经验。     

邓小平《关于西南少数民族问题》的时代意义——基于构建和谐民族关系的视角

邓小平《关于西南少数民族问题》历史文献,蕴含着丰富的和谐民族关系的理论。学习和研究邓小平关于民族关系和谐的理论成果,无论是对深化构建社会主义和谐社会思想的认识,还是对推进平等、团结、互助、和谐的社会主义民族关系,都有着重要的指导意义。     

深入认识和把握构建和谐社会的三个重大问题

构建社会主义和谐社会是党中央提出的社会主义现代化建设的战略目标和任务。怎样正确认识和把握和谐社会的理论和实践,科学地判断和认识当前我国出现的不和谐因素并采取积极的措施加以解决,具有重大现实意义。     

经济增长、社会发展与男孩偏好:基于治理的视角

本文基于1990、2000年全国人口普查数据和1995、2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,采用了多层线性模型(HLM)方法,对经济增长、社会发展和男孩偏好之间的关系进行了分析。发现较高的经济增长水平和社会发展程度有助于出生人口性别比治理绩效的实现,但受到男孩偏好强弱程度的影响。论文结尾分析了研究结论对于出生人口性别比治理的政策启示,并指出了局限性和未来改进方向。     

Bone Area Histomorphometry

Quantifying the amount of cortical bone loss is one variable used in histological methods of adult age estimation. Measurements of cortical area tend to be subjective and additional information regarding bone loss is not captured considering cancellous bone is disregarded. We describe whether measuring bone area (cancellous + cortical area) rather than cortical area may improve histological age estimation for the sixth rib. Mid‐shaft rib cross‐sections (n = 114) with a skewed sex distribution were analyzed. Ages range from 16 to 87 years. Variables included: total cross‐sectional area, cortical area, bone area, relative bone area, relative cortical area, and endosteal area. Males have larger mean total cross‐sectional area, bone area, and cortical area than females. Females display a larger mean endosteal area and greater mean relative measure values. Relative bone area significantly correlates with age. The relative bone area variable will provide researchers with a less subjective and more accurate measure than cortical area.