亲子鉴定中STR位点数选择及其应用价值研究

目的对在亲子鉴定中STR位点数的选择及其鉴定应用价值进行研究。方法将CODIS13个STR位点分为四个观测组,观测对象包括排除亲权的母亲-孩子-假设父亲三人组合102例,以及肯定亲权的母亲-孩子-假设父亲三人组合100例,通过310遗传分析仪对荧光复合扩增产物进行分型检测。结果各STR观察组出现的最低排除指标数与各观察组累积非父排除概率(CPE)值成一定正相关性,CPE值超过99.99%的两个STR观察组其出现的最低排除指标数为三个,同时这两个STR观察组在肯定亲权的案例分析中,其亲子关系概率值(RCP)值都超过了99.99%。结论对于亲子鉴定中的STR位点检测系统,其非父排除指标应为三个以上,其累积非父排除概率(CPE)值达到99.99%时,就可以认为该STR位点检测系统具有了相关的鉴定应用价值。     

CODIS位点在排除亲权中的应用价值

目的 对 CODIS位点 (FGA、 vWA、 CSF1PO、 TH01、 TPOX、 D3S1358、 D5S818、 D7S820、 D8S1179、 D13S317、 D16S539、 D18S51和 D21S11共 13个 STR位点 )在 100例排除亲权的亲子鉴定中的应用价值进行研究。方法 采用 Profiler Plus及 Cofiler荧光标记复合扩增系统,通过 310遗传分析仪对上述二个检测体系扩增产物的基因型进行分析。结果 在排除亲权的母亲－孩子－假设父亲三联体组中,所有观察案例其出现的排除指标数都在 3个以上,平均排除指标数为 6.63个;在假设父亲－孩子二联体组中, 94.0％的观察案例其排除指标数均在 3个以上,平均排除指标数为 5.01个。结论 CODIS位点在排除亲权的二联体和三联体组合亲子鉴定中,都符合鉴定应用要求 ;选择多态性较高的位点与增加排除指标存在直接的联系,以 DP、 H、 PE作为衡量 DNA位点应用价值的指标在具体鉴定实践中是可靠和可行的。     

An Illicit Love Affair During the Third Reich: Who is My Grandfather?*

More than 60 years after an illicit love affair had occurred between Erika H, wife of a Wehrmacht soldier, and a Polish slave worker during World War II, we could clarify the blood relationships of her daughter Uta. When Erika H had become pregnant both of the men could have fathered the child. Erika H was found guilty of fraternization and imprisoned at Ravensbrück concentration camp. She gave birth to Uta and died there in 1944. Uta survived the war as did Erika's husband Gustav, who accepted Uta as his child. Blood samples from family members were taken and DNA extracted. A panel of 16 short tandem repeat (STR) loci were amplified and separated by capillary electrophoresis and the likelihoods calculated using the MLINK software. The combined genotypes yielded a cumulative likelihood ratio of over 200,000 against paternity of Gustav H. This case serves to illustrate the utility of STR profiles for complex deficiency kinship analysis.     

AMPFlSTR Identifiler STR allele frequencies in Tanzania, Africa

POPULATION:  Identifiler—Employees and students of Muhimibili University College of Health Sciences in Dar es Salaam representing 19 widely distributed administrative districts and 42 tribes within the country.     

VNTR遗传标记的亲权鉴定研究

采用Amp－FLP技术研究人类血液、组织VNTR位点D1S80（pMCT118）、D17S30（pCNZ－22）和ApoB3’位点的遗传多态性，并应用于亲权鉴定案件，获得满意结果。D1S80、D17S30和ApoB3’的DP值分别为0．962、0．956和0．960，累积父权排除率（EPP）为94．51％，远远高于传统血型的DP值和EPP值，是亲权鉴定和个体识别有效方法。     

Identification and quantitation by 1H-NMR of metabolites in animal organs and tissues. An application of NMR spectroscopy in forensic science

1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied to the study of metabolites in rat organs and tissues. From 1H-NMR spectra of D2O extracts of various organs and tissues, lactate, pyruvate, and some other substances were simultaneously identified and quantitated. On the basis of the results, the use of 1H-NMR for estimating post-mortem time was suggested.     

论不服仲裁裁决应有之救济途径及其适用

对当事人不服仲裁裁决之救济,是指在仲裁裁决作出后,若有关当事人对裁决不服,则依照法定程序向有管辖权的法院提出审查申请,进而通过司法程序对裁决予以处理的一种机制。在我国现有法律框架下,仲裁机构作出裁决后,当事人可以通过向有管辖权的法院申请不予执行仲裁裁决和申请撤销仲裁裁决两种方式来获得救济。本文在对仲裁裁决救济机制确立之依据从理论上予以阐释的基础之上,对我国现有机制运行之机理加以析明,最终得出结论:申请不予执行之途与理不合,须予删除;申请撤销在适用上亦存在缺陷,须予改进。     

论社区矫正的管理制度

社区矫正的目的之一,是使被矫正人员增强社会适应性,成功地重新与社会结合,在社区矫正的适用方式上,是要教育、处遇、监督、管理等多种形式并举。要达到社区矫正目的,就必须有相应的制度加以规范和约束。这里所讲的管理制度,是社区矫正实施过程中所贯彻执行的主要制度。     

PowerPlex21 系统在亲子鉴定中的应用评估

目的评估PowerPlex21系统20个STR基因座在亲子鉴定中的检验能力。方法用PowerPlex21系统检测1 704例亲子鉴定,评估该系统在亲子鉴定中的排除能力和突变率。结果采用PowerPlex21系统,累积非父排除率和累积个体识别力均大于0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999。1704例亲子鉴定中有265例排除亲子关系,最常见为8~10个基因座排除;44例表现为1个STR基因座突变。结论 PowerPlex21系统用于亲子鉴定是高效的。     

Canadian Police Mothers and the Boys’ Club: Pregnancy,Maternity Leave,and Returning to Work

This article explores police mothers’ perceptions of their workplace experiences during pregnancy and maternity leave and returning to work. Using Charmaz’s (2014 Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. London, UK: Sage. [Google Scholar]) constructivist grounded theory with a critical feminist lens, qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 police mothers in the province of Ontario, Canada. Our analysis reveals that policewomen work inordinately hard to prove physical and emotional strength in an attempt to be accepted into policing’s boys’ club; encounter negative workplace responses to pregnancy; are often demoted or reassigned during maternity leave; and need to re-prove themselves as officers upon returning to work. Our research aims to enhance retention and foster changes that will best support police mothers, police organizations, and the communities they serve.